{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T00:04:26Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T06:57:02+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q50868",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.egyptian",
    "name": "Egyptian",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q50868/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.egyptian",
    "name": "Egyptian",
    "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Egyptian language, its stages, scripts and decipherment, relay grammar and writing in outline, distinguish it from Egyptian Arabic and modern Egyptian identity, and point to learning and reference resources.",
    "definition": "The language of ancient Egypt, an Afroasiatic language attested for over four thousand years from about 3200 BC, passing through Old, Middle and Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic stages, written in hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic scripts and finally in the Greek-derived Coptic alphabet; Middle Egyptian was the classical literary language, Late Egyptian the administrative and literary language of the New Kingdom, and Coptic survives as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a historical language.",
    "affordances": [
      "describe stages and scripts",
      "explain grammar and writing in outline",
      "relay decipherment history",
      "point to resources"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Longest attested language history",
      "Multiple scripts",
      "Afroasiatic affiliation",
      "Decipherment through the Rosetta Stone"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; written in hieroglyphs, hieratic, demotic and Coptic letters.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Ancient Egyptian language across its stages",
      "Old, Middle, Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic",
      "Egyptian Arabic is a modern Arabic dialect; the scripts are separate entries"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "attestation span",
        "typical_range": "about 4000",
        "unit": "years",
        "note": "from about 3200 BC to the medieval period"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Old Egyptian",
      "Middle Egyptian, early and classical",
      "Late Egyptian, literary and administrative",
      "Demotic",
      "Coptic including Old Coptic and dialects",
      "traditional Egyptian as the conservative religious register"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "Egyptian language family",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "Afroasiatic language",
        "why": "the family"
      },
      {
        "relation": "was written in",
        "target": "Egyptian hieroglyphs",
        "why": "and hieratic and demotic"
      },
      {
        "relation": "survives as",
        "target": "Coptic language",
        "why": "the final stage"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-2",
        "value_or_pattern": "egy",
        "note": "Egyptian, ancient"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
        "value_or_pattern": "cop",
        "note": "Coptic"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No regulation; scholarly transliteration conventions",
      "Coptic liturgical use in the Coptic Church"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing ancient Egyptian with Egyptian Arabic",
      "Treating stages as one uniform language",
      "Pseudo-decipherment claims"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain Egyptian grammar, scripts and stages from scholarly sources.",
        "Present translations of texts with their source and translator."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present an invented or speculative reading as an established translation.",
        "Claim that inscriptions say things they do not, such as curses or prophecies.",
        "Help trade or forge inscribed antiquities.",
        "Erase the Coptic stage and the communities who still use it liturgically."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing a new reading of an unpublished text or object."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Ancient Egyptian texts are heritage of Egypt and of humanity and are often exploited for sensation.",
        "Looting feeds a market in inscribed objects."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Egypt and its people",
        "Coptic communities",
        "Scholars and students"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The public: held in common; museums and the Egyptian antiquities authority keep the objects.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q50868: Egyptian",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50868",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Egyptian language",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_language",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "What Egyptian is.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Language and stages.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the Egyptian language, and how do its stages differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about ancient Egyptian, Coptic or Egyptian Arabic?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "scripts",
            "name": "Scripts",
            "description": "Scripts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "scripts-finding",
                "name": "Scripts",
                "description": "Scripts.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do hieroglyphic, hieratic, demotic and Coptic scripts relate to the language?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific script?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "structure",
        "name": "Structure",
        "description": "Grammar and vocabulary.",
        "rationale": "Linguistics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "grammar",
            "name": "Grammar",
            "description": "Grammar.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "grammar-finding",
                "name": "Grammar",
                "description": "Grammar.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the main features of Egyptian grammar, and how did they change across stages?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Afroasiatic linguistics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "vocabulary",
            "name": "Vocabulary",
            "description": "Vocabulary and contact.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "vocabulary-finding",
                "name": "Vocabulary",
                "description": "Vocabulary.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did vocabulary develop, including Greek influence in Coptic?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "History and decipherment.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "decipherment",
            "name": "Decipherment",
            "description": "Decipherment.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "decipherment-finding",
                "name": "Decipherment",
                "description": "Decipherment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was Egyptian deciphered by Champollion and others using the Rosetta Stone and Coptic?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the Rosetta Stone?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "decline",
            "name": "Decline",
            "description": "Decline and survival.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "decline-finding",
                "name": "Decline",
                "description": "Decline.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Egyptian decline after Arabic became dominant, and how does Coptic survive?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Coptic language?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Study and resources.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "resources",
            "name": "Resources",
            "description": "Learning resources.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "resources-finding",
                "name": "Resources",
                "description": "Resources.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which grammars, dictionaries and courses exist for Middle Egyptian and other stages?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "field",
            "name": "Field",
            "description": "Egyptology.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "field-finding",
                "name": "Field",
                "description": "Field.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is the language studied within Egyptology?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Egyptology?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each stage be a separate entry?",
    "How should Egyptological references be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming stages and registers; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}