{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:26:00Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:25:31+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-06T22:54:14+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition"
        ],
        "answering_review": "0b75085b9a13b0c84517e2586a1428f155854fa862506c8e28d7208bd39cc7a4"
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    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q516175",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.axis-of-rotation",
    "name": "axis of rotation",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QTY"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q516175/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.axis-of-rotation",
    "name": "axis of rotation",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain axes of rotation in physics, engineering, astronomy and aviation, with correct conventions and calculations.",
    "definition": "The line about which a body rotates or revolves, such as the axis of the Earth tilted about 23.4 degrees from the perpendicular to its orbital plane, the pitch, roll and yaw axes of aircraft, and the Euler axis used to describe arbitrary rotations; moment of inertia depends on the chosen axis.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Describing and analysing rotation.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify the axis of rotation",
      "compute moment of inertia about an axis",
      "explain aircraft pitch, roll and yaw",
      "explain Earth axial tilt and seasons"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Line about which rotation occurs",
      "Fixed or moving",
      "Defines angular quantities",
      "Affects moment of inertia"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; an imaginary line shown in diagrams.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Lines through spinning objects",
      "Pitch, roll and yaw diagrams",
      "An axis of symmetry need not be a rotation axis"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Earth axial tilt",
        "typical_range": "about 23.4",
        "unit": "degrees",
        "note": "current value"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "fixed axes",
      "instantaneous axes",
      "principal axes",
      "aircraft body axes",
      "planetary rotation axes"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "axis",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "rotational dynamics",
        "why": "field"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "inertia",
        "why": "property"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is measured with",
        "target": "angular measure",
        "why": "measure"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "ISO 1151 flight dynamics axes",
      "IAU conventions for planetary rotation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Sign convention errors",
      "Using the wrong axis for moment of inertia"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Calculate and report rotation axes, stating sign conventions and reference frames.",
        "Check that a rotation model uses the correct axis for moment of inertia."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Mix sign or axis conventions between systems without stating the conversion.",
        "Present a rotation calculation as verified for a vehicle, aircraft or machine without review.",
        "Command rotation of a machine about an axis without confirming the area is clear."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Using a rotation model to control an aircraft, spacecraft or heavy machine."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Axis errors in control software have crashed spacecraft and aircraft; checking conventions protects lives."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Operators and passengers of controlled vehicles",
        "Engineers and students"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; the engineer answers for each model that uses it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q516175: axis of rotation",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q516175",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Axis of rotation",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotation",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "physics",
        "name": "Physics",
        "description": "Rotation.",
        "rationale": "Axes define rotation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "identify",
            "name": "Identify",
            "description": "Which axis.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "identify-finding",
                "name": "Identify",
                "description": "Axis identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "About which axis does this body rotate?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it fixed or moving?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "inertia",
            "name": "Inertia",
            "description": "Moment of inertia.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "inertia-finding",
                "name": "Inertia",
                "description": "Moment of inertia.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the moment of inertia about this axis?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does the parallel axis theorem apply?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "aviation",
        "name": "Aviation",
        "description": "Aircraft axes.",
        "rationale": "Pilots use three axes.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "axes",
            "name": "Axes",
            "description": "Pitch, roll, yaw.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "axes-finding",
                "name": "Axes",
                "description": "Aircraft axes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do pitch, roll and yaw axes relate to aircraft controls?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which control surfaces act on each?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "conventions",
            "name": "Conventions",
            "description": "Sign conventions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "conventions-finding",
                "name": "Conventions",
                "description": "Conventions.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which sign conventions does this standard use?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do body and earth axes differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "astronomy",
        "name": "Astronomy",
        "description": "Planets.",
        "rationale": "Tilt shapes seasons.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "tilt",
            "name": "Tilt",
            "description": "Axial tilt.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "tilt-finding",
                "name": "Tilt",
                "description": "Axial tilt.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the axial tilt of this planet, according to IAU or NASA data?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it cause seasons?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "precession",
            "name": "Precession",
            "description": "Changing axes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "precession-finding",
                "name": "Precession",
                "description": "Precession.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does axial precession change the direction of the axis over time?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Over what period?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "engineering",
        "name": "Engineering",
        "description": "Machines.",
        "rationale": "Axes matter in design.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "shafts",
            "name": "Shafts",
            "description": "Rotating machinery.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "shafts-finding",
                "name": "Shafts",
                "description": "Rotating machinery.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is balancing done about the rotation axis?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What vibration limits apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "euler",
            "name": "Euler",
            "description": "Rotation representation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "euler-finding",
                "name": "Euler",
                "description": "Euler axis.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are rotations represented by an axis and angle or quaternions?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "When is each used?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should axis types be separate entries?",
    "How should conventions be linked?",
    "How should planetary data be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}