{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T23:45:34Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:42:32+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q518261",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.cultural-area",
    "name": "cultural area",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.PLC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q518261/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.cultural-area",
    "name": "cultural area",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain cultural areas, relay the concept s history, examples, uses and critiques from anthropology and geography sources with positions attributed, describe the named terms and flag the legal alias, and distinguish cultural areas from ethnic territories, language families, political boundaries and legal Indigenous land rights.",
    "definition": "A geographic region within which peoples share similar cultural traits, such as subsistence patterns, material culture, social organisation and beliefs, a concept developed in American anthropology by Clark Wissler and Alfred Kroeber, notably in the cultural areas of Indigenous North America such as the Plains, Northwest Coast and Southwest; related terms the registry aliases name include cultural and ethnographic regions, language areas, where unrelated languages share features, and cultural regions of the United States, while ancestral domain is a legal concept in the Philippines under the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 recognising Indigenous territories, which appears loosely filed. The culture area concept has been criticised for static and deterministic assumptions, with positions attributed.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Grouping regions by shared culture.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the concept and history",
      "relay examples",
      "describe named terms",
      "present critiques with attribution"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Shared traits",
      "Regional mapping",
      "Anthropological tool",
      "Contested boundaries"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a physical object; shown on anthropological and geographic maps.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Region of shared cultural traits",
      "Cultural region, ethnographic region, language area, ancestral domain, cultural areas of Indigenous North Americans, cultural region of the United States",
      "Ethnic territories belong to specific peoples; language families share ancestry; political boundaries are administrative; legal land rights confer ownership or control"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Wissler s culture areas",
        "typical_range": "1917",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": "The American Indian"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Philippine IPRA",
        "typical_range": "1997",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": "ancestral domain"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Balkan sprachbund",
        "typical_range": "classic language area",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Indigenous North American culture areas",
      "cultural regions of countries",
      "ethnographic regions",
      "language areas or sprachbunds",
      "legally recognised Indigenous domains as related concepts"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "territory",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "was developed by",
        "target": "Clark Wissler",
        "why": "and Alfred Kroeber"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "sprachbund",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "ancestral domain",
        "why": "loosely filed legal alias"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Philippine Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 1997",
      "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Stereotyping peoples by region",
      "Treating culture areas as fixed",
      "Confusing analytic regions with legal rights"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the culture area concept and its history in American anthropology with sources.",
        "Present culture area maps as scholarly models with their date and author."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present culture areas as fixed boundaries that define what a people are or may claim.",
        "Use culture area classifications to deny a community's own account of its identity or territory.",
        "Rank cultures as more or less advanced on the basis of a culture area model."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Using culture area classifications in land, heritage or recognition decisions about Indigenous peoples."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "The concept grew out of colonial-era anthropology and can freeze living peoples into outdated categories.",
        "Classifications have been used to decide whose claims and heritage are recognised."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Indigenous peoples and their communities",
        "Students and researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; the anthropological community maintains and criticises it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q518261: cultural area",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518261",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Cultural area",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_area",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a cultural area is.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a cultural area, and how does it differ from ethnic territories, language families, political boundaries and legal land rights?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about anthropology, geography, linguistics or Indigenous rights?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "terms",
            "name": "Terms",
            "description": "Named terms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "terms-finding",
                "name": "Terms",
                "description": "Terms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are cultural and ethnographic regions, language areas, North American culture areas and US cultural regions, and what is ancestral domain?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific term?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "anthropology",
        "name": "Anthropology",
        "description": "Theory.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Concept history.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Wissler and Kroeber develop the culture area concept?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "critique",
            "name": "Critique",
            "description": "Critiques.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "critique-finding",
                "name": "Critique",
                "description": "Critique.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What criticisms have anthropologists made of culture area theory, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "examples",
        "name": "Examples",
        "description": "Examples.",
        "rationale": "Sources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "northamerica",
            "name": "North America",
            "description": "North American culture areas.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "northamerica-finding",
                "name": "North America",
                "description": "North America.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What characterises the Plains, Northwest Coast and Southwest culture areas?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Plains Indians?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "language",
            "name": "Language areas",
            "description": "Sprachbunds.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "language-finding",
                "name": "Language areas",
                "description": "Language areas.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a sprachbund such as the Balkan language area?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Balkan sprachbund?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Rights.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "domain",
            "name": "Ancestral domain",
            "description": "Philippine ancestral domains.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "domain-finding",
                "name": "Ancestral domain",
                "description": "Ancestral domain.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does the IPRA recognise ancestral domains, and what implementation debates exist, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "mapping",
            "name": "Mapping",
            "description": "Mapping culture.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "mapping-finding",
                "name": "Mapping",
                "description": "Mapping.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do geographers map cultural regions such as the American South?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits cultural geography?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "The registry alias ancestral domain should be moved to Philippine law entries",
    "Should language area be a separate entry?",
    "How should critiques of culture area theory be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}