{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:52:27Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T19:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:47:28+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q5287",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.japanese",
    "name": "Japanese",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5287/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.japanese",
    "name": "Japanese",
    "purpose": "Let an agent handle the Japanese language: explain its writing systems, grammar and politeness levels, distinguish dialects, support learning and translation, and give sourced information on its use.",
    "definition": "The national language of Japan, a member of the Japonic family, spoken by about 125 million people, written with kanji, hiragana and katakana, with standard Japanese based on the Tokyo dialect and many regional dialects such as those of Kyushu, Tohoku and the Hachijo islands; Japanese is widely studied as a foreign language.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Communication in Japan and among learners worldwide.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain writing systems and grammar",
      "explain politeness and honorific speech",
      "distinguish dialects",
      "support learning and translation"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Japonic language",
      "Three scripts",
      "Honorific system",
      "Standard and dialects"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a language in speech and text.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Kanji, hiragana and katakana",
      "Subject-object-verb order",
      "Chinese uses characters but is unrelated"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "standard Japanese",
      "regional dialects",
      "historical stages such as Classical Japanese",
      "Japanese as a foreign language",
      "Hachijo and other divergent varieties"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "Japonic",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Dutch",
        "why": "other language"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Portuguese",
        "why": "historical loanwords"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is regulated by",
        "target": "Agency for Cultural Affairs",
        "why": "guidance body"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-1",
        "value_or_pattern": "ja",
        "note": "language code"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
        "value_or_pattern": "jpn",
        "note": "language code"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Joyo kanji list and official orthography guidance",
      "Japanese-Language Proficiency Test levels",
      "CEFR-based frameworks for learners"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Wrong politeness level",
      "Confusing scripts and readings",
      "Treating dialects as incorrect"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Translate and explain Japanese, stating the register and script used.",
        "Help learners with grammar, kanji, kana and politeness levels."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Translate in a way that drops honorifics or politeness that change the meaning or respect shown.",
        "Mock regional dialects or present them as incorrect Japanese.",
        "Present machine translation as certified for legal or medical use.",
        "Ignore the Ainu and Ryukyuan languages when describing language in Japan."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Certifying a translation for legal, medical or official use."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Mistranslation can cause offence or serious misunderstanding in medical and legal settings.",
        "Minority languages in Japan have been suppressed; accurate description matters to their speakers."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Speakers and learners",
        "People relying on translations",
        "Speakers of minority languages in Japan"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns a language; it is held in common by its speakers.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q5287: Japanese",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5287",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Japanese language",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "language",
        "name": "Language",
        "description": "Structure.",
        "rationale": "Scripts and grammar.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "writing",
            "name": "Writing",
            "description": "Writing systems.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "writing-finding",
                "name": "Writing",
                "description": "Writing systems.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are kanji, hiragana and katakana used together, and how is this word written?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which readings does this kanji have?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "grammar",
            "name": "Grammar",
            "description": "Key features.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "grammar-finding",
                "name": "Grammar",
                "description": "Grammar.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does this grammar point work, such as particles or verb forms?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are common learner errors?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "politeness",
        "name": "Politeness",
        "description": "Register.",
        "rationale": "Register matters.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "keigo",
            "name": "Keigo",
            "description": "Honorific speech.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "keigo-finding",
                "name": "Keigo",
                "description": "Honorific speech.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which politeness level suits this situation, and how is it formed?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are the honorific, humble and polite forms?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "dialects",
            "name": "Dialects",
            "description": "Regional varieties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "dialects-finding",
                "name": "Dialects",
                "description": "Dialects.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does this dialect differ from standard Japanese, and is it described respectfully?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which varieties, such as Hachijo, are endangered?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Learning and using.",
        "rationale": "Resources exist.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "resources",
            "name": "Resources",
            "description": "Learning Japanese.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "resources-finding",
                "name": "Resources",
                "description": "Learning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which resources and courses suit this learner level?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which JLPT level applies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "translate",
            "name": "Translate",
            "description": "Translation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "translate-finding",
                "name": "Translate",
                "description": "Translation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should this phrase be translated, considering register and context?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is a certified translation needed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "status",
        "name": "Status",
        "description": "Use and history.",
        "rationale": "Language in society.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "official",
            "name": "Official",
            "description": "Status and policy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "official-finding",
                "name": "Official",
                "description": "Status.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the official status of Japanese, and which bodies guide its use?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are loanwords handled?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Development.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Japanese develop, according to historical linguists?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is known about its relationship to Ryukyuan?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each dialect be a separate entry?",
    "How should dictionaries be linked?",
    "How should learning resources be graded?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}