{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T20:51:21Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:45:07+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-07T11:35:26+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "definition" ], "answering_review": "282d201a3cbfab91d279743e454329a93ffcb1804c73277eea94fd3b43094b3f" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:33+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q5308465", "registryId": "vr.tr.dropout-q5308465", "name": "dropout", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.SPC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5308465/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.dropout-q5308465", "name": "dropout", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the dropout technique for finding high-redshift galaxies, describe how candidates are selected and confirmed, and present results with attribution.", "definition": "In astronomical surveys, an object detected in images at longer wavelengths but undetected at shorter wavelengths; the Lyman-break or dropout method uses this pattern to select distant galaxy candidates whose shorter-wavelength light may be absorbed by intervening hydrogen at high redshift, although cool stars and dusty foreground galaxies can produce similar observational patterns, so dropout selection alone does not confirm a distant galaxy.", "what_it_is_for": "Extragalactic astronomy and the study of the early universe.", "affordances": [ "explain the dropout method", "describe how candidates are selected", "explain confirmation and contamination", "find notable dropout discoveries" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Selection by colour", "High-redshift candidates", "Need spectroscopic confirmation", "Named by the dropout band" ], "appearance": "Objects visible in red or infrared images but missing in bluer bands.", "visual_identification": [ "Absent in short-wavelength bands", "Present in longer-wavelength bands", "A transient dropout in data is a different concept" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Spectral flux density", "unit": "Jy", "typical_range": "", "note": "Measure flux density in each survey band and report an upper limit when the source is undetected." }, { "quantity": "Observed spectral break wavelength", "unit": "nm", "typical_range": "", "note": "Estimate the break position from calibrated photometry or spectroscopy while accounting for filter transmission." }, { "quantity": "Angular extent", "unit": "arcsec", "typical_range": "", "note": "Measure the source profile in detected bands while accounting for the instrument's point spread function." } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Lyman-break galaxies", "U-dropouts, B-dropouts and other band dropouts", "infrared dropouts at very high redshift", "dropout candidates from space telescopes" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "astronomical object", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Lyman-alpha blob", "why": "high-redshift objects" }, { "relation": "is detected by", "target": "telescope", "why": "instrument" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "cosmic-dust", "why": "dust affecting colours" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Contamination by low-redshift interlopers", "Overstating unconfirmed candidates", "Confusing with other senses of dropout" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain the dropout technique and how it selects high-redshift candidates.", "Report catalogued dropout galaxies with their survey source and redshift status." ], "must_not": [ "Present a dropout candidate as a confirmed distant galaxy without spectroscopic confirmation.", "Ignore known contaminants such as cool stars or dusty galaxies when reporting results.", "Confuse this sense with dropout in education or machine learning." ], "requires_human": [ "Announcing a record-distance galaxy from a dropout selection." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Record claims about distant galaxies attract attention and can be overturned.", "Survey teams deserve credit for the data used." ], "affected_parties": [ "Researchers", "Students and the public" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody: an observational category; survey teams curate their catalogues.", "master_systems": [ "Astronomical survey catalogues" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q5308465: dropout", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308465", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Dropout (astronomy)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropout_%28astronomy%29", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "method", "name": "Method", "description": "How the technique works.", "rationale": "Lyman break.", "layers": [ { "id": "physics", "name": "Physics", "description": "Why objects drop out.", "findings": [ { "id": "physics-finding", "name": "Physics", "description": "Physics.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why does light from high-redshift galaxies vanish in short-wavelength bands?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does the dropout band indicate redshift?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "selection", "name": "Selection", "description": "Selecting candidates.", "findings": [ { "id": "selection-finding", "name": "Selection", "description": "Selection.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are dropout candidates selected from colours in this survey?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which criteria reduce contamination?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "confirm", "name": "Confirm", "description": "Verification.", "rationale": "Candidates need confirmation.", "layers": [ { "id": "spectroscopy", "name": "Spectroscopy", "description": "Confirming redshift.", "findings": [ { "id": "spectroscopy-finding", "name": "Spectroscopy", "description": "Confirmation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are dropout candidates confirmed spectroscopically?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is this object confirmed or still a candidate?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "contaminants", "name": "Contaminants", "description": "False positives.", "findings": [ { "id": "contaminants-finding", "name": "Contaminants", "description": "False positives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which objects mimic dropouts, such as cool stars and dusty galaxies?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are they excluded?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "discoveries", "name": "Discoveries", "description": "Results.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "records", "name": "Records", "description": "Most distant galaxies.", "findings": [ { "id": "records-finding", "name": "Records", "description": "Records.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dropout discoveries hold distance records, and are they confirmed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which telescopes found them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "What they reveal.", "findings": [ { "id": "science-finding", "name": "Science", "description": "Science.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do dropout galaxies reveal about the early universe and reionisation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which questions remain open?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Explaining.", "rationale": "Clarity.", "layers": [ { "id": "explain", "name": "Explain", "description": "Plain language.", "findings": [ { "id": "explain-finding", "name": "Explain", "description": "Plain explanation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can the dropout method be explained simply?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which images help?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "senses", "name": "Senses", "description": "Other senses.", "findings": [ { "id": "senses-finding", "name": "Senses", "description": "Other senses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is dropout meant as a data dropout, a school dropout or a network dropout?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which entry fits?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should Lyman-break galaxies be a separate entry?", "How should survey catalogues be linked?", "How should confirmation status be tracked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }