{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T22:32:02Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:45:20+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q5447188",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.solution",
    "name": "solution",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5447188/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.solution",
    "name": "solution",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain solutions and their properties, compute concentrations and dilutions, describe preparation and safety of specific solutions, and separate other senses of solution.",
    "definition": "A homogeneous mixture in which one or more substances, the solutes, are dissolved in another, the solvent, at the molecular or ionic level, including aqueous solutions such as salt solutions and spirit vinegar, laboratory reagents such as lactophenol and viral transport media, and solid and gaseous solutions; solutions are described by concentration and are central to chemistry, biology, medicine and industry.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Homogeneous mixtures of dissolved substances.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain solutions and solubility",
      "compute concentrations and dilutions",
      "describe preparation and safety",
      "separate other senses"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Homogeneous",
      "Solute and solvent",
      "Concentration-defined",
      "Solid, liquid or gas"
    ],
    "appearance": "Clear liquids typically; also solid and gaseous solutions.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Homogeneous at the molecular level",
      "Solute in solvent",
      "Suspensions and colloids are not true solutions"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Mass density",
        "unit": "kg/m^3",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure mass per unit volume at specified temperature, pressure and composition."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Amount concentration",
        "unit": "mol/m^3",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Determine the amount of a specified solute per unit solution volume at a stated temperature."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Mass fraction",
        "unit": "dimensionless",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Determine the mass of a specified constituent divided by the total solution mass."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Dynamic viscosity",
        "unit": "Pa s",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "For a fluid solution, measure resistance to shear at specified temperature, pressure and composition."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "aqueous solutions",
      "non-aqueous solutions",
      "solid solutions such as alloys",
      "gaseous solutions",
      "laboratory and medical solutions"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "homogeneous mixture",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "dissociation constant",
        "why": "equilibria in solution"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "evaporation",
        "why": "concentration by evaporation"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "chemical element",
        "why": "solutes"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Laboratory reagent standards",
      "Pharmacopoeial standards for medical solutions",
      "Chemical safety rules"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Concentration errors",
      "Contamination",
      "Hazardous solvents"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "State the solute, solvent and concentration of a solution with units.",
        "Point to the safety data that applies to a laboratory or industrial solution."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Give a wrong or unitless concentration for a solution used in medicine, food or laboratories.",
        "Recommend mixing solutions whose combination is hazardous.",
        "Assist in preparing solutions intended to harm people.",
        "Label a solution with contents it does not have."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Preparing solutions for medical use, such as infusions or dilutions given to patients."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Concentration errors in medical or food solutions can injure or kill.",
        "Hazardous solvents put workers and the environment at risk."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Patients",
        "Laboratory and industrial workers",
        "Consumers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person or laboratory that prepares it; the label and batch record identify it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q5447188: solution",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5447188",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Solution (chemistry)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_%28chemistry%29",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a solution is.",
        "rationale": "Concepts.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "concept",
            "name": "Concept",
            "description": "Solutes and solvents.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "concept-finding",
                "name": "Concept",
                "description": "Concept.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What makes a mixture a solution, and how do solubility, saturation and concentration describe it?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is a chemical solution, a mathematical solution or a problem solution meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "properties",
            "name": "Properties",
            "description": "Properties of solutions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "properties-finding",
                "name": "Properties",
                "description": "Properties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do solutions differ from suspensions and colloids, and what are colligative properties?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does temperature affect solubility?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "compute",
        "name": "Compute",
        "description": "Concentrations.",
        "rationale": "Calculation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "concentration",
            "name": "Concentration",
            "description": "Concentration units.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "concentration-finding",
                "name": "Concentration",
                "description": "Concentration.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the concentration of this solution in molarity, mass fraction or other units, and how are they converted?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is a dilution calculated?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "prepare",
            "name": "Prepare",
            "description": "Preparing solutions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "prepare-finding",
                "name": "Prepare",
                "description": "Preparation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is a solution of given concentration prepared accurately in the laboratory?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which safety precautions apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "specific",
        "name": "Specific",
        "description": "Named solutions.",
        "rationale": "Examples.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "reagents",
            "name": "Reagents",
            "description": "Laboratory and medical solutions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "reagents-finding",
                "name": "Reagents",
                "description": "Reagents.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are solutions such as lactophenol, viral transport media or saline used for, and how are they prepared and stored?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific solution?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "everyday",
            "name": "Everyday",
            "description": "Everyday solutions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "everyday-finding",
                "name": "Everyday",
                "description": "Everyday.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What everyday products such as spirit vinegar or salt water are solutions, and what are their concentrations?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are solid solutions such as alloys different?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching solutions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can solutions and concentration be taught with experiments?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did the understanding of solutions develop in chemistry?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should solubility be a separate entry?",
    "How should reagent references be linked?",
    "How should other senses be split?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}