{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T20:51:21Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:45:07+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-07T11:35:41+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "agent_conduct",
          "definition",
          "distinguishing_features",
          "purpose",
          "visual_identification"
        ],
        "answering_review": "6940d79b8034c4220f8d606e2d5e6dc808589630d1ed1e9d4519390163a8d8ea"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:33+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q5506321",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.frozen-star",
    "name": "frozen star",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.SPC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5506321/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.frozen-star",
    "name": "frozen star",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the far-future frozen-star hypothesis, its theoretical basis and its unobserved status with attribution.",
    "definition": "A frozen star is a hypothetical far-future star whose formation would be enabled by increased metallicity, meaning a higher abundance of elements heavier than helium, allowing sustained hydrogen fusion at masses below the present stellar fusion threshold and unusually low surface temperatures.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Theoretical astrophysics and history of physics.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the far-future frozen star hypothesis",
      "explain the historical frozen star term for black holes",
      "separate the senses",
      "clarify hypothetical status"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "The concept describes a hypothetical far-future star.",
      "Increased metallicity is central to the proposed lower mass threshold for sustained hydrogen fusion.",
      "The hypothesis predicts unusually low stellar surface temperatures.",
      "No stars of this proposed kind have been observed."
    ],
    "appearance": "Not observed; theoretical constructs.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "No observed appearance establishes the identity of a hypothetical frozen star.",
      "Illustrations of these far-future low-mass stars are speculative representations.",
      "Brown dwarfs are observed substellar objects and do not establish observation of the proposed frozen stars."
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Stellar mass",
        "unit": "kilograms",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "For the hypothetical far-future stellar sense, mass is a theoretical model parameter rather than a measured property of an observed example."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Effective surface temperature",
        "unit": "kelvin",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "For the hypothetical far-future stellar sense, temperature is predicted from the model's luminosity and radius rather than measured from an observed spectrum."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Radiated luminosity",
        "unit": "watts",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "For the hypothetical far-future stellar sense, luminosity is calculated from a specified stellar evolution model and its assumed environment."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "far-future frozen stars",
      "frozen star as historical term for black holes",
      "related low-mass and degenerate objects"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "hypothetical star",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "dark star",
        "why": "other hypothetical star"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "black star",
        "why": "black hole alternatives"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Reissner-Nordstrom black hole",
        "why": "black hole theory"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No regulation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Conflating the senses",
      "Presenting hypotheses as established"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the hypothetical far-future frozen star as an unobserved stellar proposal.",
        "Describe the theoretical basis and time scales with sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present frozen stars as observed objects.",
        "Treat the historical use of frozen star for black holes as part of this hypothetical-star model.",
        "Invent figures for their properties that the literature does not give."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing the concept as fact in teaching material."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Speculative astrophysics is easily misreported as discovery.",
        "Learners depend on clear labels between theory and observation."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Students and learners",
        "Readers of popular science"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a theoretical concept held by the scientific community.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q5506321: frozen star",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5506321",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Frozen star",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_star",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "future",
        "name": "Future",
        "description": "Far-future stars.",
        "rationale": "Cosmology.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "idea",
            "name": "Idea",
            "description": "The hypothesis.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "idea-finding",
                "name": "Idea",
                "description": "Hypothesis.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the far-future frozen star hypothesis, and who proposed it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Why would lower-mass objects be able to fuse in a colder universe?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "timescale",
            "name": "Timescale",
            "description": "When.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "timescale-finding",
                "name": "Timescale",
                "description": "Timescale.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "On what timescale would such stars form, according to the proposal?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it relate to the degenerate era of the universe?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "historical",
        "name": "Historical",
        "description": "Frozen stars and black holes.",
        "rationale": "History of physics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "term",
            "name": "Term",
            "description": "The old term.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "term-finding",
                "name": "Term",
                "description": "Term.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why were collapsed objects called frozen stars in Soviet-era physics, and how did the term black hole replace it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What does time dilation at the horizon imply for distant observers?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "physics",
            "name": "Physics",
            "description": "Collapse and observers.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "physics-finding",
                "name": "Physics",
                "description": "Physics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do infalling and distant observers see gravitational collapse differently?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits black holes?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "status",
        "name": "Status",
        "description": "Hypothetical.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "caveats",
            "name": "Caveats",
            "description": "Caveats.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "caveats-finding",
                "name": "Caveats",
                "description": "Caveats.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is each sense presented as theoretical with proponents named?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is it assessed by the community?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "senses",
            "name": "Senses",
            "description": "Which sense.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "senses-finding",
                "name": "Senses",
                "description": "Which sense.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which sense of frozen star is meant in this context?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is a fictional frozen star meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Explaining.",
        "rationale": "Clarity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Plain language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Plain explanation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can the frozen star ideas be explained simply while noting their status?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are reliable?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "related",
            "name": "Related",
            "description": "Related objects.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "related-finding",
                "name": "Related",
                "description": "Related objects.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do frozen stars relate to brown dwarfs, white dwarfs and black holes?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits each?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should the two senses be separate entries?",
    "How should papers be linked?",
    "How should far-future cosmology be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}