{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T15:53:25Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:35:10+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q560",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.helium",
    "name": "helium",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q560/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.helium",
    "name": "helium",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain helium and its properties, relay isotopes, phases, sources and uses from chemistry and physics references, describe liquid and solid helium and the isotopes the registry aliases name, and distinguish helium from hydrogen, from other noble gases and from helium-3 as a separate resource topic.",
    "definition": "The chemical element with atomic number 2, symbol He, a colourless, odourless, inert noble gas, the second most abundant element in the universe, discovered in the solar spectrum in 1868, extracted on Earth from natural gas, with stable isotopes helium-4 and helium-3 and short-lived isotopes such as helium-6 and helium-8, and unbound helium-2; liquid helium boils at about 4.2 K and becomes superfluid, and solid helium forms only under pressure, making helium essential for cryogenics, MRI magnets and research.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Cryogenics, lifting gas, shielding gas and research.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the element",
      "relay isotopes and phases",
      "describe uses and supply",
      "distinguish related substances"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Inert noble gas",
      "Lowest boiling point",
      "Superfluidity",
      "Finite terrestrial supply"
    ],
    "appearance": "A colourless gas; liquid helium is a clear, very cold liquid.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Noble gas element 2",
      "Helium-4, helium-3, helium-6, helium-8, helium-2; liquid and solid helium",
      "Hydrogen is element 1 and flammable; neon and argon are heavier noble gases"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "atomic number",
        "typical_range": "2",
        "unit": "count",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "boiling point",
        "typical_range": "4.22",
        "unit": "K",
        "note": "helium-4"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "superfluid transition",
        "typical_range": "2.17",
        "unit": "K",
        "note": "lambda point"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "discovered",
        "typical_range": "1868",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": "solar spectrum"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "helium-4",
      "helium-3",
      "unstable isotopes such as helium-6 and helium-8",
      "liquid helium and superfluid helium II",
      "solid helium under pressure"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "noble gases",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "nonmetal",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is extracted from",
        "target": "natural gas",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "magnetic resonance imaging",
        "why": "to cool magnets"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "CAS",
        "value_or_pattern": "7440-59-7",
        "note": "helium"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "atomic number",
        "value_or_pattern": "2",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Compressed and cryogenic gas safety rules",
      "Strategic helium reserve policies"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Asphyxiation in confined spaces",
      "Cryogenic burns from liquid helium",
      "Supply shortages"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain helium, its properties and isotopes, citing chemistry sources.",
        "Monitor helium storage and oxygen levels in spaces whose operator authorized it."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Encourage inhaling helium or using it in ways that cause asphyxiation.",
        "Handle liquid helium or vent it in enclosed spaces without proper safety measures.",
        "Waste scarce helium needed for medical and research uses.",
        "Misstate it as hydrogen or as flammable."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Entering or sending people into a space where helium may have displaced oxygen."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Helium is finite on Earth and vital for medical imaging.",
        "Asphyxiation by inert gas gives no warning to the victim."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Workers handling gas",
        "Patients relying on imaging",
        "Researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The supplier or holder of each cylinder or dewar; reserves are held by producers and states.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q560: helium",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Helium",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What helium is.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is helium, and how does it differ from hydrogen and other noble gases?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the element, isotopes, phases, uses or supply?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "forms",
            "name": "Forms",
            "description": "Isotopes and phases.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "forms-finding",
                "name": "Forms",
                "description": "Forms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are helium-4, helium-3, helium-6, helium-8 and helium-2, and liquid and solid helium?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "physics",
        "name": "Physics",
        "description": "Physics.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "superfluid",
            "name": "Superfluid",
            "description": "Superfluidity.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "superfluid-finding",
                "name": "Superfluid",
                "description": "Superfluid.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does helium become superfluid, and why does it not freeze at normal pressure?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "origin",
            "name": "Origin",
            "description": "Cosmic origin.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origin-finding",
                "name": "Origin",
                "description": "Origin.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was helium formed in the Big Bang and stars, and how is it produced by radioactive decay on Earth?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "uses",
        "name": "Uses",
        "description": "Uses and supply.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "uses",
            "name": "Uses",
            "description": "Uses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "uses-finding",
                "name": "Uses",
                "description": "Uses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is helium used in MRI, research, welding, leak detection and balloons?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits cryogenics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "supply",
            "name": "Supply",
            "description": "Supply.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "supply-finding",
                "name": "Supply",
                "description": "Supply.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where is helium produced, and what supply concerns are reported?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits helium shortage?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Safety and history.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "safety",
            "name": "Safety",
            "description": "Safety.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "safety-finding",
                "name": "Safety",
                "description": "Safety.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the hazards of helium gas and liquid helium, as safety agencies describe?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits asphyxiant gas?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was helium discovered by Janssen and Lockyer and first liquefied by Kamerlingh Onnes?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of cryogenics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should liquid helium and helium-3 be separate primary entries?",
    "How should chemistry and physics references be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes and phases; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}