{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T10:59:25Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09544-8efe-70d0-a819-f74e1fe92b11\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: literary technique\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 044: 1", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 72.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09544-8ef3-7101-8e76-f4f57362c4b5\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: literary technique\nRegistry id: vr.tr.literary-technique\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:08:55+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-08T19:09:55+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q560311", "registryId": "vr.tr.literary-technique", "name": "literary technique", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q560311/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.literary-technique", "name": "literary technique", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise, analyse and deliberately apply literary techniques while distinguishing textual evidence, interpretive claims and uncertain effects.", "definition": "A literary technique is a recognizable way of organizing or using language, narrative, or textual form to produce effects in a literary work, although its boundaries with literary device and rhetorical technique vary across critical traditions.", "scope_statement": "This model owns literary technique as a describable way of arranging language, narration or textual form, including its proposed mechanism, conditions of recognition, situated uses and interpretive limits.", "in_scope": [ "Definitions and competing classifications of particular literary techniques", "Operations on language, narrative information, perspective, sequence and textual form", "Occurrences supported by passages, structural patterns or comparisons within a work", "Relations among techniques, including combinations, variants and disputed synonyms", "Proposed literary functions, reader responses and conditions of effective use", "Tradition-specific terminology and constraints on analysis, composition and translation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete literary works and their publication histories", "Genres and literary movements as systems of conventions", "Authors' biographies, intentions and psychological states beyond evidence relevant to a technique", "Themes, motifs and subject matter independently of the techniques used to present them", "General linguistic structures without a specified literary operation or use" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An identification must describe how expression or presentation is organised; naming a topic such as exile identifies subject matter rather than a technique.", "A technique must admit a describable operation across possible occurrences; one quoted passage is evidence of an occurrence rather than the technique itself.", "A genre classifies works through conventions, whereas a technique identifies an operation that may occur across genres.", "A claimed effect such as suspense needs an associated textual mechanism; the response alone does not identify which technique produced it.", "A recurring image can be recorded as a motif; treating its recurrence as a technique additionally requires specifying its arrangement and proposed function." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Definitional frame", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named critical tradition, reference definition or explicitly stated working definition", "why_it_matters": "Makes classifications comparable without treating contested terminology as settled." }, { "name": "Operational locus", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Sound, typography, word choice, syntax, figurative expression, narrative time, perspective, information distribution or composition; multiple values allowed", "why_it_matters": "Identifies what an agent must inspect or manipulate." }, { "name": "Recognition status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed, supported under a stated definition, disputed or rejected for a specified occurrence", "why_it_matters": "Separates a plausible reading from an identification supported by explicit criteria." }, { "name": "Textual extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Start and end anchors plus span count in words, lines, sentences, scenes or other declared textual units", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes local devices from patterns whose recognition requires dispersed or work-wide evidence." }, { "name": "Functional attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Technique occurrence linked to a proposed function, its interpreter and supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Preserves differences between observable arrangement and attributed purpose or effect." }, { "name": "Interaction with other techniques", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Combines with, depends on, contrasts with, is a variant of or is disputed as equivalent to another technique", "why_it_matters": "Supports analysis of passages where several operations contribute to the same result." }, { "name": "Evidence of deliberate use", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unexamined, undocumented, supported by textual revision, supported by authorial statement or contested", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an identifiable pattern from automatically becoming a claim about authorial intention." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify candidate occurrences and explain which textual features satisfy a stated definition.", "Compare competing labels or readings and identify evidence that could distinguish them.", "Trace how a technique develops across passages and interacts with other techniques.", "Propose a revision that introduces, strengthens or removes a specified operation.", "Assess how translation or adaptation preserves, replaces or loses a technique's mechanism.", "Separate an intended literary function from a predicted or observed reader response." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify and name the techniques used in a passage, quoting the text as evidence.", "Explain how a technique works and its effect, citing critical sources where they exist.", "Apply techniques in writing the user has asked it to produce." ], "must_not": [ "Present a contested label as the only correct reading of a work.", "Attribute a deliberate technique to an author without evidence of intent.", "Reproduce substantial copyrighted text under the cover of analysing technique.", "Use persuasive techniques to mislead readers while presenting the text as neutral." ], "requires_human": [ "Grading or assessing a student's analysis for credit." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Analysis shapes how readers value authors, including those from marginalised traditions.", "Techniques of persuasion can be used to manipulate as well as to move readers." ], "affected_parties": [ "Authors", "Students and readers", "Communities whose literatures are judged" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody: a shared concept of literary study; each author answers for their own work.", "master_systems": [] }, "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Mislabelling a technique leads to a wrong reading of a text.", "Imposing one tradition's categories on another literature distorts it." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Literary techniques are used in poetry, prose and drama to shape meaning, pacing, characterization and reader expectations.", "Writers use them when composing or revising works, while readers and critics use them to describe how textual choices support interpretations." ], "facets_not_applicable": { "interfaces": "No universal technical standard or regulatory classification governs literary techniques as creative methods.", "recognition": "A literary technique is an abstract method inferred from textual evidence rather than a physical object with visual identification cues." } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q560311: literary technique", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560311", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-fr", "title": "Wikipedia (fr): Techniques d'écriture", "url": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techniques_d%27%C3%A9criture", "url_status": "live", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "technique-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Technique identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what counts as the technique and which distinctions depend on critical usage.", "rationale": "An agent needs explicit recognition criteria before assigning labels whose meanings may overlap or vary.", "layers": [ { "id": "definitions-and-critical-frames", "name": "Definitions and critical frames", "description": "Records attributed definitions and their consequences for recognition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-dependent-identification", "name": "Definition-dependent identification", "description": "Require each identification to state its working definition and any competing definition that materially changes the classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What operation does this definition require, and which critical source or tradition uses that definition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "definition-dependent-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Would another documented definition include or exclude the same passage, and why?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "definition-dependent-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-literary-categories", "name": "Neighbouring literary categories", "description": "Separates techniques from related devices, forms, themes, motifs and effects without assuming terminology is uniform.", "findings": [ { "id": "operation-versus-label", "name": "Operation versus label", "description": "Test whether a proposed label specifies an operation or merely names content, a class of works or a response.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does an author or text do that makes this a technique rather than only a theme, motif, genre or effect?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "operation-versus-label-q01" }, { "text": "Which nearby technique labels could describe the same evidence, and what criterion separates them?", "kind": "definition", "id": "operation-versus-label-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "literary-operation-and-pattern", "name": "Literary operation and pattern", "description": "Describes how the technique works through expression, arrangement or control of narrative information.", "rationale": "A label alone cannot guide recognition or composition; the agent needs the operation and its necessary context.", "layers": [ { "id": "expressive-and-narrative-mechanism", "name": "Expressive and narrative mechanism", "description": "Locates the operation in language, textual form or relations among narrator, character and reader.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-and-required-relations", "name": "Mechanism and required relations", "description": "Describe what is repeated, displaced, contrasted, withheld, substituted or otherwise organised, including the relations needed to recognise it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which features of wording, sound, form, chronology, perspective or information distribution constitute the operation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mechanism-and-required-relations-q01" }, { "text": "Does recognition depend on comparing expressions, events, viewpoints or what different participants know?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mechanism-and-required-relations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-recurrence-and-combination", "name": "Extent, recurrence and combination", "description": "Tracks how an operation occupies the text and combines with other operations.", "findings": [ { "id": "pattern-across-textual-scales", "name": "Pattern across textual scales", "description": "Identify the smallest sufficient evidence span and any recurrence or combination needed for the proposed reading.", "questions": [ { "text": "What textual span and how many related occurrences are needed to demonstrate this pattern?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pattern-across-textual-scales-q01" }, { "text": "Which accompanying techniques are necessary to the mechanism, and which merely occur alongside it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "pattern-across-textual-scales-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "occurrence-evidence-and-interpretation", "name": "Occurrence evidence and interpretation", "description": "Connects a technique claim to inspectable text and preserves alternatives to that claim.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a supported occurrence from a suggestive resemblance or an unsupported account of intention.", "layers": [ { "id": "passage-and-version-evidence", "name": "Passage and version evidence", "description": "Anchors analysis to the wording and structure of an identified edition, translation or performance.", "findings": [ { "id": "inspectable-occurrence", "name": "Inspectable occurrence", "description": "Associate each occurrence with sufficient textual context and an explanation connecting evidence to recognition criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which passage anchors, edition and language allow another reader to inspect the claimed occurrence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "inspectable-occurrence-q01" }, { "text": "Which exact features support the label, and what surrounding context is required to interpret them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "inspectable-occurrence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "alternative-readings-and-intention", "name": "Alternative readings and intention", "description": "Tests rival explanations and treats deliberate use as a separate evidential claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-of-attribution", "name": "Limits of attribution", "description": "Distinguish the observed pattern from claims that it is deliberate, narrator-controlled or uniquely explained by a particular technique.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could ordinary usage, coincidence, editorial intervention or another technique explain the same pattern?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "limits-of-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence, if any, supports attributing deliberate use to the author rather than only identifying a textual effect?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "limits-of-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "literary-function-and-reader-response", "name": "Literary function and reader response", "description": "Connects textual operations to proposed functions while preserving variation in reader response.", "rationale": "Recognising a technique does not establish that it achieves a particular purpose for every audience.", "layers": [ { "id": "function-in-the-work", "name": "Function in the work", "description": "Examines how an occurrence contributes to a particular passage or larger composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "situated-functional-claim", "name": "Situated functional claim", "description": "Express function as an argued relation between an occurrence and its context, such as pacing, characterisation, emphasis or ambiguity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What function is proposed here, and how does the textual mechanism support that interpretation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "situated-functional-claim-q01" }, { "text": "What would change in this passage if the operation were removed or replaced?", "kind": "action", "id": "situated-functional-claim-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "audience-and-response-evidence", "name": "Audience and response evidence", "description": "Separates intended and predicted effects from responses documented for particular readers.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-reader-effect", "name": "Conditional reader effect", "description": "Record the audience assumptions and evidence behind claims of suspense, humour, estrangement or other responses.", "questions": [ { "text": "What linguistic knowledge, genre expectations or cultural familiarity does the proposed response depend on?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conditional-reader-effect-q01" }, { "text": "Is the effect inferred by a critic, reported by readers or measured through a stated method, and for which audience?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditional-reader-effect-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tradition-composition-and-transfer", "name": "Tradition, composition and transfer", "description": "Situates techniques within literary practices and guides their use across revisions, languages and media.", "rationale": "Agents need to apply techniques without erasing differences in terminology, formal resources or reading conventions.", "layers": [ { "id": "historical-and-cross-tradition-usage", "name": "Historical and cross-tradition usage", "description": "Distinguishes the history of a term from the history and distribution of the operation it names.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-terminology-and-equivalence", "name": "Attributed terminology and equivalence", "description": "Require evidence for origin claims and for treating differently situated terms as equivalent.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sources document the term and the practice separately, without turning an early example into an unsupported invention claim?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-terminology-and-equivalence-q01" }, { "text": "Do proposed equivalents across languages or traditions share recognition criteria, or only a broad resemblance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributed-terminology-and-equivalence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "controlled-use-and-transformation", "name": "Controlled use and transformation", "description": "Guides composition, revision, translation and adaptation through explicit operations and evaluation criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-with-tradeoffs", "name": "Application with tradeoffs", "description": "Specify the intended operation, the constraints on changing the text and how the resulting version will be assessed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What concrete revision would introduce or alter the technique while respecting the intended voice, meaning and form?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-with-tradeoffs-q01" }, { "text": "When translating or adapting it, which mechanism can be preserved, which requires a substitute and how will the result be evaluated?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-with-tradeoffs-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The listed kinds are overlapping practical groupings, not a universally accepted taxonomy.", "Some accounts emphasize deliberate authorial choices; textual analysis can identify techniques without establishing conscious intention.", "This is a recall-based account; no sources were consulted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of literary technique this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Figurative techniques, such as metaphor and personification", "Narrative perspective and focalization techniques", "Temporal techniques, such as flashback and foreshadowing", "Sound and rhythmic techniques, such as alliteration", "Structural techniques, such as repetition and juxtaposition", "Intertextual techniques, such as allusion and parody" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of literary technique this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Writing and revising poetry, fiction, drama, and literary nonfiction", "Close reading that connects textual features with interpretive effects", "Teaching literary analysis and creative writing", "Translating stylistic and narrative effects across languages", "Comparing stylistic practices across authors, genres, and periods" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of literary technique this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Naming a technique without explaining how it functions in the particular text", "Treating an inferred effect as proof of authorial intention", "Assuming that a technique produces the same response in every reader or context", "Imposing one critical tradition's categories on texts organized by different conventions", "Confusing a recurring subject or theme with a technique used to present it" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of literary technique this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "English-language teaching often uses literary technique and literary device interchangeably; distinctions depend on the reference work or curriculum.", "Sanskrit poetics develops categories such as alamkara, dhvani, and rasa that overlap with, but do not map directly onto, English-language accounts of technique and effect.", "The recognition and effects of sound patterns, wordplay, and allusions depend on language and literary tradition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of literary technique this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "literary device", "difference": "Often a synonym; where distinguished, device names an identifiable textual feature and technique names a manner of deploying features." }, { "name": "rhetorical technique", "difference": "Applies to shaping discourse and audience response across literary and nonliterary settings; the categories overlap." }, { "name": "literary genre", "difference": "Classifies works through shared conventions; a technique is an operation or feature that can occur across genres." }, { "name": "literary theme", "difference": "A theme is a subject or concern developed by a work; a technique concerns how the work presents or develops it." }, { "name": "literary style", "difference": "Style is a characteristic pattern of expression, often involving multiple techniques rather than one identifiable procedure." }, { "name": "narrative technique", "difference": "Concerns the telling and organization of stories; literary technique also includes features of nonnarrative writing." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of literary technique this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which reference traditions should supply the initial definitions, particularly where literary technique, literary device and rhetorical figure overlap?", "Should this registry entry require intentional use, or permit identifiable textual operations whose intentionality is unknown?", "How should the model represent techniques whose recognition depends mainly on an interpretation rather than a readily localised textual pattern?", "What evidence is sufficient to treat terms from different literary traditions as the same technique rather than related practices?", "Where should the boundary fall between a literary technique transferred into another medium and a technique specific to that medium?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }