{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T00:09:12Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:45:54+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q578",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.century",
    "name": "century",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.TME"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q578/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.century",
    "name": "century",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain centuries, relay counting conventions, naming, historical periodisation and other senses from calendar and historical sources, and distinguish centuries from decades, millennia, eras and centuries in sport or military units.",
    "definition": "A period of 100 years, in the Gregorian calendar conventionally counted from year 1 to year 100 for the 1st century AD, so that the 21st century runs from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2100, although popular usage often treats years such as 2000 to 2099 as a century; centuries are named in ordinal form, with the 1900s being the 20th century, and historians sometimes use concepts such as the long 19th century from 1789 to 1914. The word also names groups of 100, such as a cricket score of 100 runs and the Roman centuria.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Organising time in hundred-year periods.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain counting conventions",
      "relay naming and periodisation",
      "describe other senses",
      "distinguish related periods"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Hundred-year span",
      "Ordinal naming",
      "Counting ambiguity",
      "Periodisation tool"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a physical object; a calendar interval.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Period of 100 years",
      "Century, hundred years",
      "Decades are 10 years; millennia are 1,000 years; eras are variable; cricket centuries and Roman centuries are other senses"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "length",
        "typical_range": "100",
        "unit": "years",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "21st century",
        "typical_range": "2001-2100",
        "unit": "years",
        "note": "strict convention"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "long 19th century",
        "typical_range": "1789-1914",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": "Hobsbawm, attributed"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "centuries BC and AD",
      "long and short centuries in historiography",
      "centuries in other calendars"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "time interval",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "contains",
        "target": "decade",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is part of",
        "target": "millennium",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "century (cricket)",
        "why": "other sense"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "ISO 8601 date representation",
      "Style guides on century naming"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing 1900s and 19th century",
      "Year zero errors",
      "Treating periodisation as fixed"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Name centuries and their year ranges, stating whether the strict or popular convention is used.",
        "Convert between ordinal centuries and year ranges, such as the 1900s and the 20th century."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Mix the strict and popular century boundaries in one analysis without saying so.",
        "Assign undated events or artefacts to a century without evidence.",
        "Use century labels from one calendar system for another culture without explaining the difference."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Dating archival or archaeological material that others will cite."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Periodisation shapes how history is told and whose calendars count."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Historians and students",
        "Cultures using other calendars"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns a century; calendars are held in common.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q578: century",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Century",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a century is.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a century, and how does it differ from decades, millennia, eras and other senses of century?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about calendars, history, sport or language?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "naming",
            "name": "Naming",
            "description": "Naming.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "naming-finding",
                "name": "Naming",
                "description": "Naming.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why are the 1900s called the 20th century?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific century?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "calendar",
        "name": "Calendar",
        "description": "Counting.",
        "rationale": "Sources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "yearzero",
            "name": "Year zero",
            "description": "No year zero.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "yearzero-finding",
                "name": "Year zero",
                "description": "Year zero.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why did the 21st century start in 2001 under the strict convention?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "bc",
            "name": "BC and AD",
            "description": "BC and AD centuries.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "bc-finding",
                "name": "BC and AD",
                "description": "BC and AD.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are centuries counted before and after AD 1?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "Periodisation.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "long",
            "name": "Long centuries",
            "description": "Long and short centuries.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "long-finding",
                "name": "Long centuries",
                "description": "Long centuries.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why do historians speak of the long 19th and short 20th centuries, with views attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits long nineteenth century?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "millennium",
            "name": "Millennium",
            "description": "Millennium debate.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "millennium-finding",
                "name": "Millennium",
                "description": "Millennium.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What was debated about whether 2000 or 2001 began the new millennium?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Other senses.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "cricket",
            "name": "Cricket",
            "description": "Cricket century.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "cricket-finding",
                "name": "Cricket",
                "description": "Cricket.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a century in cricket?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits century (cricket)?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "rome",
            "name": "Rome",
            "description": "Roman centuria.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rome-finding",
                "name": "Rome",
                "description": "Rome.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What was a Roman century as a military and voting unit?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits centuria?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should individual centuries be linked as instances?",
    "How should historiographical periodisation be presented?",
    "Should other senses be disambiguated?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}