{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T08:49:34Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094cd-8354-71a3-8fe6-f8c37f1c15f1\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: compound locomotive\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 043: ", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 82.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094cd-8359-7561-b5f5-574051bc7345\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: compound locomotive\nRegistry id: vr.tr.compound-locomotive\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this " } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:59:51+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "visual_identification" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q617792", "registryId": "vr.tr.compound-locomotive", "name": "compound locomotive", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q617792/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.compound-locomotive", "name": "compound locomotive", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a compound steam locomotive, assess its staged-expansion machinery and operating state, and identify evidence required before recommending operation or intervention.", "definition": "A compound locomotive is a steam locomotive in which steam performs work by expanding successively in high-pressure and lower-pressure cylinders before being exhausted.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the characteristics that distinguish registry entry vr.tr.compound-locomotive, in PHY / PHY.OBJ, from the broader steam-locomotive kind: successive steam expansion, interstage connections, cylinder-to-drive arrangements, compound-specific controls, and associated condition evidence; classes and individual locomotives supply values rather than defining separate kinds here.", "in_scope": [ "Successive expansion of steam through higher- and lower-pressure cylinder stages", "Cylinder grouping, interstage passages or receivers, and connections to driven axles", "Starting assistance and transitions between supported steam-admission modes", "Stage-specific performance, condition, maintenance needs, and operating restrictions", "Evidence distinguishing original compound construction, conversions, and present configuration" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General steam-locomotive construction, braking, running gear, and route compatibility except where compounding changes their assessment", "Boiler design, firing, fuel supply, and pressure-vessel certification as independent subjects", "Stationary and marine compound steam engines", "Simple-expansion locomotives without successive cylinder expansion", "Manufacturer histories, locomotive-class catalogues, and individual vehicle biographies", "Railway timetables, train operations, and infrastructure management" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Confirm a designed working path in which steam exhausted from a higher-pressure cylinder stage performs further work in a lower-pressure cylinder stage; multiple cylinders alone do not establish compounding.", "Identify cylinder stage roles from steam connections and design evidence rather than cylinder count, external appearance, or the word compound in a name.", "Record articulation separately: an articulated frame does not by itself demonstrate successive steam expansion.", "Distinguish steam superheating from compounding by checking whether steam passes through successive working cylinder stages.", "Separate permanent conversion to simple expansion from temporary starting or other supported modes that alter steam admission while retaining compound machinery." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Expansion-stage topology", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Directed connections from steam supply through identified cylinder stages to final exhaust", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether the locomotive actually implements compound expansion." }, { "name": "Cylinder allocation and geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Cylinder count per stage; bore and stroke in mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and comparison of stage displacement without assuming a universal cylinder arrangement." }, { "name": "Interstage connection", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Receiver, direct connecting passages, other documented arrangement, or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Locates the machinery linking expansion stages and the evidence needed to assess it." }, { "name": "Cylinder-to-drive mapping", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Each cylinder group linked to its crank, axle, and mechanically coupled wheel group", "why_it_matters": "Explains how stage output reaches the wheels and whether stage groups can experience different wheel speeds." }, { "name": "Steam-admission mode", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Compound working, documented starting assistance, documented simple working, isolated, or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents interpreting temporary steam routing as the permanent engine configuration." }, { "name": "Stage pressure evidence", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kPa with gauge or absolute reference, measurement location, operating condition, and timestamp", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison of actual interstage behaviour with documented limits and expected operation." }, { "name": "Valve timing and cutoff relationship", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Common, linked, independently adjustable, other documented arrangement, or unknown; cutoff values as percentage of piston stroke", "why_it_matters": "Identifies how admission settings distribute work between stages." }, { "name": "Duty-normalised consumption", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Steam in kg/kWh; fuel in kg/kWh with fuel specification and indicated or drawbar power basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports evidence-based efficiency comparisons under stated duty conditions." }, { "name": "Compound-machinery condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Inspected serviceable, restricted, defective, isolated, unassessed; component-level evidence required", "why_it_matters": "Connects findings about receivers, valves, seals, and cylinders to permissible interventions." }, { "name": "Configuration lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Dated links to original design, rebuilding records, conversion records, and present inspection", "why_it_matters": "Separates historical classification from the locomotive's current machinery." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a documented locomotive by tracing its staged steam path and identifying contrary evidence.", "Map expansion stages to cylinders, controls, interstage components, and driven wheel groups.", "Check whether recorded pressures, valve settings, and operating mode agree with the applicable design documentation.", "Compare consumption or stage output only after aligning duty, measurement basis, and configuration.", "Identify inspections needed to investigate interstage leakage, admission faults, or unequal stage performance.", "Determine whether evidence supports a proposed operating or maintenance action and refer unresolved authorisation to the responsible operator." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Describe a compound locomotive's cylinder arrangement and history from railway records.", "Record condition and inspection findings for a preserved locomotive on its keeper's instruction." ], "must_not": [ "Operate or fire a steam locomotive without a qualified crew and a valid boiler certificate.", "Advise running a boiler whose safety valves, gauges or water level controls are faulty.", "Confuse compound working with simple expansion when describing a locomotive's design.", "Present a restored or rebuilt locomotive as wholly original without saying so." ], "requires_human": [ "Returning a preserved locomotive to steam after inspection.", "Disposing of or scrapping a historic locomotive." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Steam boilers store large energy, and a failure can kill crew and bystanders.", "Surviving locomotives are railway heritage that cannot be replaced once lost." ], "affected_parties": [ "Locomotive crews", "Passengers and visitors at heritage lines", "Heritage railway volunteers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The owner or heritage operator who keeps it; the railway safety authority regulates its running.", "master_systems": [ "National railway vehicle registers" ] }, "visual_identification": [ "Cylinders of visibly different sizes, the larger ones for low-pressure steam.", "Extra steam pipes linking the high-pressure exhaust to the low-pressure cylinders.", "Often four cylinders, with some inside the frames and some outside." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Boiler failure releasing steam and scalding water.", "Scalding and burns to crew from steam leaks.", "Lineside fires from sparks and hot ash." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Compound locomotives are encountered in railway history, museum collections and heritage railway operations.", "Their successive steam-expansion stages were intended to improve steam economy during railway haulage." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "The United States Federal Railroad Administration issues 49 CFR Part 230, Steam Locomotive Inspection and Maintenance Standards, which applies to compound steam locomotives operating within its scope." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q617792: compound locomotive", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617792", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Compound locomotive", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_locomotive", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "compound-identity", "name": "Compound identity", "description": "Establish what makes the registered kind compound and distinguish that identity from historical labels.", "rationale": "Cylinder count, articulation, and class names are insufficient evidence of successive steam expansion.", "layers": [ { "id": "successive-expansion", "name": "Successive expansion", "description": "Identify the working steam path that establishes compounding.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-to-stage-working", "name": "Stage-to-stage working", "description": "Record the connection through which higher-pressure exhaust supplies a lower-pressure working stage. A documented example is [Union Pacific 440 at Mid-Continent Railway Museum](https://www.midcontinent.org/equipment-roster/former-collection-items/union-pacific-440/); its particular cylinder arrangement is not a requirement for every compound locomotive.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cylinders receive steam from a preceding working stage, and where does their exhaust go?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stage-to-stage-working-q01" }, { "text": "Which drawing, technical description, or inspection establishes those connections?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stage-to-stage-working-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "configuration-boundary", "name": "Configuration boundary", "description": "Separate the registered kind from class, unit, and configuration history.", "findings": [ { "id": "present-versus-historical-compounding", "name": "Present versus historical compounding", "description": "Keep original classification, subsequent rebuilding, and present physical configuration distinct.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does compound describe the original design, the current installed machinery, or both?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "present-versus-historical-compounding-q01" }, { "text": "What dated evidence establishes any conversion between compound and simple expansion?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "present-versus-historical-compounding-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stage-and-drive-architecture", "name": "Stage and drive architecture", "description": "Describe how cylinder stages exchange steam and transmit mechanical work.", "rationale": "Compound layouts differ in both steam routing and mechanical coupling, which changes identification and diagnosis.", "layers": [ { "id": "cylinder-and-interstage-layout", "name": "Cylinder and interstage layout", "description": "Resolve cylinder geometry, stage roles, and connecting spaces.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-geometry-and-connections", "name": "Stage geometry and connections", "description": "Record cylinder dimensions and interstage arrangements without inferring a separate receiver or a fixed displacement ratio.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the count, bore, stroke, and stage assignment of the cylinders?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-geometry-and-connections-q01" }, { "text": "How are successive stages connected, and which spaces act as interstage steam storage?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stage-geometry-and-connections-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanical-output-mapping", "name": "Mechanical output mapping", "description": "Connect stage output to the locomotive's driving mechanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-to-wheel-coupling", "name": "Stage-to-wheel coupling", "description": "Map cylinders to driven wheel groups and record articulation independently. [Illinois Railway Museum's N&W 2050 description](https://www.irm.org/player/nw2050/) documents one arrangement with rear high-pressure and front low-pressure cylinders.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cranks and driven axles receive work from each expansion stage?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stage-to-wheel-coupling-q01" }, { "text": "Are the stage-driven wheel groups mechanically coupled, and can their rotational speeds differ?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stage-to-wheel-coupling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "admission-and-mode-control", "name": "Admission and mode control", "description": "Represent supported steam-routing modes and their controls.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish normal compound working from design-specific starting assistance and alternative admission arrangements.", "layers": [ { "id": "starting-steam-path", "name": "Starting steam path", "description": "Determine how the installed arrangement develops starting effort.", "findings": [ { "id": "starting-assistance-evidence", "name": "Starting assistance evidence", "description": "Identify any starting, reducing, intercepting, or bypass valves from the applicable documentation; do not assume every design has each device.", "questions": [ { "text": "What steam paths and valve positions does the documented starting arrangement provide?", "kind": "definition", "id": "starting-assistance-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What documented limits and prerequisites apply before using that arrangement?", "kind": "action", "id": "starting-assistance-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compound-working-control", "name": "Compound working control", "description": "Record how the locomotive enters and maintains its supported running modes.", "findings": [ { "id": "mode-and-cutoff-coordination", "name": "Mode and cutoff coordination", "description": "Represent automatic or manual mode changes and the relationship between stage admission settings.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is transition into compound working initiated and confirmed on this design?", "kind": "action", "id": "mode-and-cutoff-coordination-q01" }, { "text": "Which controls adjust stage cutoff, and how are their settings linked or constrained?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mode-and-cutoff-coordination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stage-performance-evidence", "name": "Stage performance evidence", "description": "Assess staged expansion using operating measurements and comparable duty evidence.", "rationale": "Compound classification alone does not establish efficiency, balanced work distribution, or adequate tractive performance.", "layers": [ { "id": "pressure-and-work-distribution", "name": "Pressure and work distribution", "description": "Connect stage measurements to the conditions under which they were obtained.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-loading-assessment", "name": "Stage loading assessment", "description": "Record pressure measurements and available indicator diagrams alongside speed, load, and admission settings.", "questions": [ { "text": "What pressures or indicator diagrams are available for each stage and the interstage connection under the same operating conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-loading-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What design or test evidence defines acceptable work distribution between the stages?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stage-loading-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparable-economy", "name": "Comparable economy", "description": "Separate measured resource consumption from unsupported efficiency claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-qualified-consumption", "name": "Duty-qualified consumption", "description": "Require stated duty and measurement boundaries before attributing an economy advantage to compounding.", "questions": [ { "text": "What steam and fuel consumption were measured, using which power basis, fuel specification, speed, and load?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "duty-qualified-consumption-q01" }, { "text": "Does the comparison control for superheating, boiler condition, route, and other changes that could explain the result?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "duty-qualified-consumption-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compound-condition-and-action", "name": "Compound condition and action", "description": "Link condition evidence from compound machinery to maintenance and operating decisions.", "rationale": "Interstage components and alternative admission paths require assessments that a generic locomotive condition record may omit.", "layers": [ { "id": "interstage-and-valve-condition", "name": "Interstage and valve condition", "description": "Localise defects affecting steam transfer and stage control.", "findings": [ { "id": "compound-circuit-defects", "name": "Compound circuit defects", "description": "Capture evidence concerning interstage leakage, valve sealing and movement, drainage, and lubrication at the relevant components.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inspection or test evidence identifies leakage, sticking admission devices, retained condensate, or inadequate lubrication in the compound circuit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "compound-circuit-defects-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented inspection or maintenance procedure applies to each suspected component?", "kind": "action", "id": "compound-circuit-defects-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operating-release-evidence", "name": "Operating release evidence", "description": "Connect compound-specific limits to the broader locomotive's authority to operate.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-protection-and-authorisation", "name": "Stage protection and authorisation", "description": "Record documented lower-pressure circuit limits, installed protective provisions, outstanding defects, and applicable operator requirements without treating this model as an operating certificate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What pressure limits and protective provisions apply to the lower-pressure circuit in each supported admission mode?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stage-protection-and-authorisation-q01" }, { "text": "Which inspections, defect clearances, and approvals are required by the applicable railway authority or operator before the proposed action?", "kind": "action", "id": "stage-protection-and-authorisation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes a locomotive type, not a particular manufacturer's class or surviving unit.", "The listed kinds overlap: cylinder count, cylinder arrangement and articulation are different classification axes.", "Boiler pressure, dimensions, output, starting arrangements and applicable operating rules require a specific design, jurisdiction and period; no universal ranges or rules are asserted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Two-cylinder compound", "Three-cylinder compound", "Four-cylinder compound", "Tandem compound", "Vauclain compound", "Mallet articulated compound" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Whyte notation", "value_or_pattern": "Wheel-count groups such as 4-4-0 or 2-6-6-2", "note": "Describes wheel arrangement; it does not by itself identify compound expansion." }, { "scheme": "Railway class and running number", "value_or_pattern": "An operator-specific class designation and an individual locomotive number", "note": "Identifies a design class or particular locomotive, rather than the general compound principle." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Passenger and freight haulage with the aim of reducing steam and fuel consumption through staged expansion.", "Heavy freight haulage using articulated compound designs.", "Mountain railway service.", "Preserved railway operation and museum demonstration." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Number of working cylinders", "typical_range": "2-4 in common configurations", "unit": "cylinders" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Boiler pressure-boundary failure, with the potential for severe steam release or explosion.", "Water carried into cylinders or accumulated through condensation, potentially causing hydraulic damage.", "Leaks or faults in the interstage steam passages and valves, reducing power and efficiency.", "Starting difficulties where cylinder positions and steam distribution do not provide sufficient initial torque.", "Unequal cylinder work or incorrect valve settings, increasing mechanical stress and reducing efficiency." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "French practice included prominent four-cylinder compounds associated with de Glehn and du Bousquet.", "American practice included Vauclain compounds and articulated Mallet compounds.", "British practice included three-cylinder compounds associated with the Midland Railway." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Simple-expansion steam locomotive", "difference": "Its working cylinders receive boiler steam without passing it through successive pressure stages." }, { "name": "Articulated locomotive", "difference": "Articulation concerns the arrangement and movement of engine units; an articulated locomotive may use either compound or simple expansion." }, { "name": "Compound steam engine", "difference": "The broader engine category includes stationary and marine machinery; a compound locomotive applies the principle to railway propulsion." }, { "name": "Superheated steam locomotive", "difference": "Superheating describes steam temperature treatment, whereas compounding describes successive expansion stages; one locomotive can use both." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of compound locomotive this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend compound locomotive to include experimental expansion arrangements beyond conventional high- and low-pressure cylinder stages?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or its steam-locomotive parent, requiring a link rather than a second publication?", "Which primary manuals and drawings establish the cylinder arrangements, starting systems, and mode restrictions across the principal compound design families?", "What defensible ranges of stage displacement ratio, pressure, and consumption can be stated by design family and duty without implying universal values?", "Which jurisdictional rules and operator procedures govern present-day operation of surviving examples, and what compound-specific inspection requirements do they impose?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }