{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T23:55:52Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q6452175", "registryId": "vr.tr.abutment", "name": "abutment", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.BLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6452175/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.abutment", "name": "abutment", "purpose": "Let an agent explain abutments and their functions in bridges, arches and dams, relay design and inspection considerations, distinguish abutments from piers and retaining walls, and note the analogous uses in architecture and dentistry.", "definition": "A structure at the end of a bridge, arch or dam that supports the end of the span and resists the horizontal thrust of an arch or the earth pressure of an embankment, transferring loads to the foundation, and by extension the abutting support of a vault or a dental bridge; abutments are built of masonry, concrete or reinforced earth and are designed with wing walls, bearings and drainage.", "what_it_is_for": "Supporting the ends of spans and resisting thrust.", "affordances": [ "explain function and kinds", "relay design and inspection considerations", "distinguish from piers and walls", "note analogous senses" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "End support", "Resists horizontal thrust", "Carries bearings and approach", "Wing walls and drainage" ], "appearance": "A massive wall or block at each end of a bridge where the deck meets the embankment, often with wing walls.", "visual_identification": [ "End support of a span resisting thrust", "Bridge, arch and dam abutments", "Piers are intermediate supports; retaining walls hold earth without carrying a span" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "bridge abutments: gravity, cantilever, integral and reinforced earth types", "arch abutments", "dam abutments in valley sides", "abutments of vaults and flying buttresses in architecture", "dental abutments as an analogous sense" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "built structure", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is part of", "target": "bridge", "why": "the end support" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "pier", "why": "the intermediate support" }, { "relation": "resists", "target": "thrust", "why": "from arches and earth" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Bridge design codes such as Eurocode and AASHTO", "Geotechnical design standards", "Bridge inspection regulations" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Scour and settlement", "Earth pressure failure", "Bearing and joint deterioration", "Confusing abutments with piers" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What an abutment is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and function.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is an abutment, and what loads does it carry?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the structure an abutment, a pier or a retaining wall?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kinds of abutment exist for bridges, arches and dams?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Design and construction.", "rationale": "Engineering.", "layers": [ { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Design.", "findings": [ { "id": "design-finding", "name": "Design", "description": "Design.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are abutments designed for loads, earth pressure and movement, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the question about a specific structure, which needs an engineer?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "construction", "name": "Construction", "description": "Construction.", "findings": [ { "id": "construction-finding", "name": "Construction", "description": "Construction.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are abutments built, and how do integral abutments differ?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintain", "name": "Maintain", "description": "Inspection and failure.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "inspection", "name": "Inspection", "description": "Inspection.", "findings": [ { "id": "inspection-finding", "name": "Inspection", "description": "Inspection.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are abutments inspected, and what defects are common?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits bridge inspection?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "failures", "name": "Failures", "description": "Failures.", "findings": [ { "id": "failures-finding", "name": "Failures", "description": "Failures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What abutment failures have occurred, and what did investigations find?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and other senses.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did abutment design develop from masonry arches to modern bridges?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of bridges?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "senses", "name": "Senses", "description": "Other senses.", "findings": [ { "id": "senses-finding", "name": "Senses", "description": "Senses.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the term used for vault abutments in architecture and abutments in dentistry?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the other sense?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should integral abutment be a separate entry?", "How should design codes be linked?", "How should dental and architectural senses be cross-referenced?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }