{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T10:57:00Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09542-3f36-7632-8c32-7d4596ea52a2\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: levoglucosan\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 044: 1001 re", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 78.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09542-3f38-75f0-a76e-efedb6459a1d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: levoglucosan\nRegistry id: vr.tr.levoglucosan\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:50:16+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "visual_identification" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q6535767", "registryId": "vr.tr.levoglucosan", "name": "levoglucosan", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6535767/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.levoglucosan", "name": "levoglucosan", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify levoglucosan, assess the condition and analytical reliability of a sample, and judge its suitability for measurement, tracer interpretation or chemical use.", "definition": "Levoglucosan is 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose, a bicyclic anhydrosugar with formula C6H10O5 formed during thermal decomposition of cellulose and other glucose-based carbohydrates.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the chemical identity of levoglucosan under vr.tr.levoglucosan in PHY / PHY.MAT, together with sample-specific composition, physical state, analytical evidence, transformation history and constraints on use.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular identity, stereochemistry and identifiers for levoglucosan", "Purity, water content, impurities and concentration in a specified matrix", "Physical properties and stability under recorded conditions", "Analytical identification, quantification and reference-standard suitability", "Evidence and limitations for use as a biomass-burning tracer", "Substance-specific handling and regulatory records" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Cellulose, biomass and their complete material models", "Combustion and pyrolysis equipment or operating processes", "Whole aerosol, smoke or bio-oil mixture composition", "Atmospheric transport and source-apportionment models", "Separate chemical identities of derivatives, reaction products and isotope-labelled standards", "Commercial product packaging and supplier business records" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require the structure and stereochemistry of 1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranose; a sugar-like appearance or name is insufficient. Identity anchor: [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/levoglucosan).", "Check the molecular formula C6H10O5 and molar mass 162.14 g/mol against the identity record, while requiring additional structural evidence. Reference: [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/levoglucosan).", "Require an analytical method capable of distinguishing levoglucosan from mannosan and galactosan before accepting a compound-specific concentration.", "Distinguish the intact substance from glucose, levoglucosenone and analytical derivatives through structure-sensitive evidence.", "Distinguish unlabelled levoglucosan from isotope-labelled calibration materials through explicit isotope composition and standard documentation." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranose; CAS 498-07-7; PubChem CID 2724705", "why_it_matters": "Anchors registry matching to a specific structure rather than a generic sugar designation. Reference: [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/levoglucosan)." }, { "name": "Assay purity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass % or mol %, with analytical method and dry or as-received basis", "why_it_matters": "Determines the actual amount of levoglucosan available for calibration or reaction." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass %, with method and measurement date", "why_it_matters": "Allows weighed material to be converted into a defensible analyte amount." }, { "name": "Related compounds and impurities", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified compound, concentration, detection limit and identification confidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates levoglucosan from interfering anhydrosugars, residual starting materials and transformation products." }, { "name": "Physical state and matrix", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Solid, solution or matrix-associated analyte; temperature, pressure and matrix identity", "why_it_matters": "Controls which physical measurements and sampling assumptions apply." }, { "name": "Levoglucosan concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/L, mol/L, mg/kg or ng/m3, with matrix, denominator basis and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Prevents confusion between extract concentration, material content and ambient-air concentration." }, { "name": "Thermal behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Melting interval and decomposition onset in °C, with pressure, atmosphere and heating rate", "why_it_matters": "Supports processing decisions without treating every thermal event as clean melting or boiling." }, { "name": "Solubility", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/L or mol/L in a named solvent at a stated temperature", "why_it_matters": "Supports solution preparation and extraction planning." }, { "name": "Analytical confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Tentative, confirmed or unresolved identity; quantified, below quantification limit or not detected", "why_it_matters": "Separates evidence of identity from evidence of amount." }, { "name": "Exposure and preservation history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Time-linked temperature, light, oxidant, humidity, solvent and storage records", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of analyte loss or transformation before measurement." }, { "name": "Hazard and regulatory status", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Jurisdiction, substance or formulation identity, classification, source revision and applicability", "why_it_matters": "Grounds handling decisions in an applicable record without interpreting missing data as evidence of safety." } ], "affordances": [ "Accept or reject an identity match using structure and analytical evidence.", "Calculate a levoglucosan amount or solution concentration with purity and water corrections.", "Select and assess a method for resolving and quantifying levoglucosan in a specified matrix.", "Judge whether a stored sample or calibration standard remains fit for its intended use.", "Evaluate the conditional support a measurement provides for biomass-burning attribution.", "Assess a proposed chemical use against documented composition, stability and handling constraints." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Describe levoglucosan and its use as a tracer of biomass burning in air quality studies.", "Report measured concentrations with method and source." ], "must_not": [ "Attribute air pollution to a specific household or business without sound evidence.", "Alter or selectively report tracer data to change a pollution finding.", "Report the identity of a sample without analysis." ], "requires_human": [ "Publishing findings that blame a community or source for pollution." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Wood smoke harms health, and pollution findings shape policies that affect households.", "Tracer data can be used to assign blame, so it must be honest." ], "affected_parties": [ "People exposed to wood smoke", "Households that burn wood", "Air quality regulators" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the compound; the laboratory answers for each sample and measurement.", "master_systems": [] }, "visual_identification": [ "The pure compound is a white crystalline solid." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Can degrade in the atmosphere, so measurements may underestimate smoke." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Levoglucosan is encountered in products of carbohydrate pyrolysis and in environmental samples influenced by biomass burning.", "Atmospheric researchers measure it as a tracer that can support assessment of biomass-burning contributions to particulate matter.", "It is also used in carbohydrate chemistry research, where sample purity and analytical identity matter." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning chemical registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction, adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, applies to levoglucosan manufacture, import and use within its scope and exemptions." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q6535767: levoglucosan", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535767", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Levoglucosan", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levoglucosan", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "anhydrosugar-identity", "name": "Anhydrosugar identity", "description": "Establishes which molecular entity the levoglucosan name denotes.", "rationale": "Related sugars, anhydrosugars and labelled standards can otherwise be assigned to the same registry identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "structure-and-stereochemistry", "name": "Structure and stereochemistry", "description": "Records the structural evidence behind identification.", "findings": [ { "id": "levoglucosan-structure-match", "name": "Levoglucosan structure match", "description": "Identity requires agreement with the registered anhydrosugar structure, including stereochemistry.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the assigned structure specify the 1,6-anhydro bridge and beta-D-glucopyranose stereochemistry?", "kind": "definition", "id": "levoglucosan-structure-match-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this assignment from related anhydrosugars and glucose?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "levoglucosan-structure-match-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identifier-and-variant-boundaries", "name": "Identifier and variant boundaries", "description": "Connects names and identifiers while separating chemically distinct materials.", "findings": [ { "id": "identifier-consistency", "name": "Identifier consistency", "description": "Registry, supplier and analytical identities must refer to the same molecular entity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative records connect the supplied name, CAS number, PubChem CID and any EC number to the same structure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identifier-consistency-q01" }, { "text": "Is this intact unlabelled levoglucosan, an isotope-labelled standard or a chemically modified derivative?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identifier-consistency-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sample-composition-and-state", "name": "Sample composition and state", "description": "Describes the actual levoglucosan-bearing material available to the agent.", "rationale": "A pure reference solid, aqueous stock and aerosol extract require different quantity and suitability judgments.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-impurities", "name": "Assay and impurities", "description": "Establishes analyte content and the basis of reported purity.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-analyte-amount", "name": "Usable analyte amount", "description": "The nominal mass of a sample must be related to its measured levoglucosan content.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the levoglucosan assay and water content, and are they reported on compatible bases?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-analyte-amount-q01" }, { "text": "Which related sugars, residual solvents or other impurities affect calibration or the intended reaction?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-analyte-amount-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "phase-matrix-and-properties", "name": "Phase, matrix and properties", "description": "Conditions physical-property claims on the state and surroundings of the material.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-specific-properties", "name": "Condition-specific properties", "description": "Solubility and thermal measurements need conditions and a clear distinction between phase change and reaction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is levoglucosan present as a solid, dissolved species or component of a collected environmental matrix?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-specific-properties-q01" }, { "text": "What measured solubility and thermal-transition data apply to this purity, solvent, temperature and pressure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-specific-properties-q02" }, { "text": "Does a reported boiling or melting value describe an observed phase change, an estimate or decomposition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "condition-specific-properties-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "analytical-identification-and-quantity", "name": "Analytical identification and quantity", "description": "Connects instrument observations to defensible levoglucosan identity and amount.", "rationale": "A sugar-associated signal or unresolved peak is insufficient for compound-specific reporting.", "layers": [ { "id": "selectivity-and-confirmation", "name": "Selectivity and confirmation", "description": "Assesses discrimination from co-occurring compounds.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-levoglucosan-signal", "name": "Resolved levoglucosan signal", "description": "Identification must document the method's selectivity in the actual matrix.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the method resolve levoglucosan from mannosan, galactosan and relevant matrix interferents?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-levoglucosan-signal-q01" }, { "text": "Which reference-standard comparisons and independent signals support the identity assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resolved-levoglucosan-signal-q02" }, { "text": "If derivatization is used, how is the measured derivative linked to the original levoglucosan amount?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "resolved-levoglucosan-signal-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calibration-recovery-and-reporting", "name": "Calibration, recovery and reporting", "description": "Tracks the corrections and uncertainty between collected sample and reported result.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-concentration", "name": "Traceable concentration", "description": "A reported concentration must identify calibration, recovery, blank correction and denominator.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which standard lot, certified assay and calibration range support the result?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-concentration-q01" }, { "text": "What extraction recovery, matrix effects, blanks and quantification limits were established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-concentration-q02" }, { "text": "Does the final value describe extract volume, original sample mass or sampled air volume, and with what uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-concentration-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "origin-and-tracer-interpretation", "name": "Origin and tracer interpretation", "description": "Separates measured levoglucosan from conclusions about its source and environmental history.", "rationale": "Biomass-burning attribution requires contextual evidence and assumptions about preservation.", "layers": [ { "id": "formation-and-sample-provenance", "name": "Formation and sample provenance", "description": "Records how the material was produced or collected.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-origin-assignment", "name": "Supported origin assignment", "description": "A proposed combustion or pyrolysis origin must be supported independently of the compound name.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the material supplied as a reagent, isolated from a process or measured in an environmental sample?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-origin-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "What feedstock, process or co-tracer evidence supports the proposed origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-origin-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environmental-survival-and-inference", "name": "Environmental survival and inference", "description": "Tests whether source interpretation survives plausible analyte losses and measurement limitations.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-biomass-burning-tracer", "name": "Conditional biomass-burning tracer", "description": "Levoglucosan tracer interpretations must account for degradation and physical losses; chamber research explicitly examines both. Reference: [ACP study](https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/10915/2018/acp-18-10915-2018.html).", "questions": [ { "text": "What atmospheric aging, oxidant exposure and physical-loss evidence applies to this sample?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditional-biomass-burning-tracer-q01" }, { "text": "Which source-specific emission ratios and uncertainty bounds support conversion to a biomass-burning contribution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditional-biomass-burning-tracer-q02" }, { "text": "What attribution remains justified if levoglucosan has been depleted or falls below the quantification limit?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conditional-biomass-burning-tracer-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "preservation-transformation-and-use", "name": "Preservation, transformation and use", "description": "Determines whether levoglucosan remains suitable for a proposed analytical or chemical action.", "rationale": "Identity at receipt does not establish present purity, stability or fitness for use.", "layers": [ { "id": "storage-and-chemical-integrity", "name": "Storage and chemical integrity", "description": "Relates handling history to evidence of retained analyte.", "findings": [ { "id": "retained-levoglucosan-content", "name": "Retained levoglucosan content", "description": "Storage and processing conditions need evidence of acceptable levoglucosan retention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What storage duration, temperature, solvent and exposure conditions are documented for this solid or solution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "retained-levoglucosan-content-q01" }, { "text": "What repeat assay or stability study shows that levoglucosan content remains within the intended tolerance?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "retained-levoglucosan-content-q02" }, { "text": "Which conditions could cause hydrolysis or other conversion, and what evidence is required before reuse?", "kind": "action", "id": "retained-levoglucosan-content-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-qualification-and-handling", "name": "Use qualification and handling", "description": "Combines chemical suitability with applicable handling information.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-next-action", "name": "Qualified next action", "description": "Suitability for calibration or synthesis and handling requirements must be established for the actual material.", "questions": [ { "text": "What purity, water-content and impurity limits must this material meet for the proposed calibration or chemical use?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-next-action-q01" }, { "text": "Which current SDS and jurisdiction-specific records establish applicable hazard classification, exposure limits and handling requirements?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-next-action-q02" }, { "text": "Do the recorded controls apply to levoglucosan itself or to the solvent and other constituents of its formulation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-next-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall-based information; no sources were consulted.", "Verify phase-transition data, purity specifications, GHS classification and applicable exposure limits against authoritative records before practical use.", "Levoglucosan indicates biomass combustion broadly; identifying a particular fuel or estimating burned mass requires additional evidence." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of levoglucosan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "498-07-7", "note": "Identifies levoglucosan." }, { "scheme": "Chemical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose", "note": "Specifies the anhydro linkage and stereochemistry." }, { "scheme": "Molecular formula", "value_or_pattern": "C6H10O5", "note": "Shared with other anhydrosugars; insufficient for unique identification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of levoglucosan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Measured in atmospheric particulate matter as a tracer of biomass burning.", "Measured in environmental archives to investigate past biomass burning, subject to preservation and transport uncertainties.", "Studied as a major cellulose-pyrolysis product in biomass conversion research.", "Used as a chiral starting material in carbohydrate synthesis." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of levoglucosan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "162.14", "unit": "g/mol" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of levoglucosan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Atmospheric chemical degradation can alter concentrations and bias estimates that assume a conserved biomass-burning tracer.", "Formation yields depend on fuel composition and combustion conditions, limiting universal conversion from levoglucosan concentration to biomass burned.", "Insufficient analytical separation from related anhydrosugars can compromise identification and quantification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of levoglucosan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Glucose", "difference": "Glucose has formula C6H12O6 and lacks the intramolecular 1,6-anhydro linkage of levoglucosan." }, { "name": "Mannosan", "difference": "The corresponding mannose-derived anhydrosugar differs from levoglucosan in configuration at carbon 2." }, { "name": "Galactosan", "difference": "The corresponding galactose-derived anhydrosugar differs from levoglucosan in configuration at carbon 4." }, { "name": "Cellulose", "difference": "Cellulose is a glucose-based polymer; levoglucosan is a discrete small molecule that can form during its thermal decomposition." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of levoglucosan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative EC identifier, jurisdiction-specific GHS classifications and occupational exposure-limit records apply to levoglucosan, and where are records absent?", "Which measured melting, decomposition, solubility and volatility data are sufficiently documented to adopt, and is any reported boiling point experimentally meaningful?", "What validated shelf lives and preservation conditions apply separately to solid levoglucosan, aqueous standards and collected environmental samples?", "Which analytical methods adequately resolve related anhydrosugars in the intended matrices, and what recoveries and quantification limits can they demonstrate?", "Which source profiles and environmental degradation corrections support quantitative biomass-burning attribution for the intended sampling context?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 32 } }