{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T20:31:50Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:47:55+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q6731527",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.magnetic-cloud",
    "name": "magnetic cloud",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.SPC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6731527/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.magnetic-cloud",
    "name": "magnetic cloud",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain magnetic clouds, their origin in coronal mass ejections, their identification and their role in space weather, with sourced data.",
    "definition": "A transient structure in the solar wind with a strong, smoothly rotating magnetic field, low proton temperature and low plasma beta, forming part of many interplanetary coronal mass ejections; magnetic clouds are identified by spacecraft measurements and are major drivers of geomagnetic storms when their fields point southward.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Heliophysics and space weather forecasting.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain what a magnetic cloud is",
      "describe identification criteria",
      "explain effects on Earth and space weather",
      "find spacecraft data and forecasts"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Strong rotating magnetic field",
      "Low proton temperature",
      "Low plasma beta",
      "Geomagnetic driver"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not visible; detected as signatures in spacecraft plasma and field data.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Smooth field rotation and low temperature",
      "Part of coronal mass ejections",
      "Ordinary solar wind lacks the organised structure"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Magnetic field magnitude",
        "unit": "nT",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "A spacecraft magnetometer measures field magnitude for comparison with the surrounding solar wind."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Magnetic field direction",
        "unit": "degree",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Vector magnetometer measurements track the smooth rotation of field direction in a specified coordinate system."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Proton temperature",
        "unit": "K",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Particle instruments infer proton temperature from velocity distributions for comparison with temperatures expected at the measured solar wind speed."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Plasma beta",
        "unit": "dimensionless",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Plasma beta is calculated as the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure using particle and magnetic field measurements."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "magnetic clouds within coronal mass ejections",
      "flux rope models",
      "clouds by field orientation",
      "multiple and interacting clouds"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "region of space",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "astronomical object in the Solar System",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "originates from",
        "target": "coronal mass ejection",
        "why": "source"
      },
      {
        "relation": "affects",
        "target": "atmosphere",
        "why": "geomagnetic effects"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Space weather scales and alerts from agencies"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Geomagnetic storms affecting power and satellites",
      "Misidentifying clouds in data",
      "Overstating forecasts"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report magnetic cloud observations and space weather alerts from official services.",
        "Explain their identification criteria from published research."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Contradict official space weather alerts.",
        "Exaggerate risks of space weather to cause panic.",
        "Confuse a magnetic cloud with atmospheric clouds."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Issuing warnings to grid, satellite or aviation operators."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Space weather can damage satellites and power grids that society depends on.",
        "Alarmist claims undermine trust in real warnings."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Satellite and grid operators",
        "Aviation"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the phenomenon; space weather services monitor it.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Space weather event catalogues"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q6731527: magnetic cloud",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731527",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Magnetic cloud",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_cloud",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "define",
        "name": "Define",
        "description": "What magnetic clouds are.",
        "rationale": "Signatures.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "criteria",
            "name": "Criteria",
            "description": "Identification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "criteria-finding",
                "name": "Criteria",
                "description": "Identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which measurements identify a magnetic cloud, and what are the defining criteria?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it relate to the broader coronal mass ejection?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "structure",
            "name": "Structure",
            "description": "Flux ropes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "structure-finding",
                "name": "Structure",
                "description": "Structure.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is a magnetic cloud modelled as a flux rope, and what does the field rotation indicate?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How large and fast are they?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "origin",
        "name": "Origin",
        "description": "From the Sun.",
        "rationale": "Solar eruptions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "cme",
            "name": "CME",
            "description": "Coronal mass ejections.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "cme-finding",
                "name": "CME",
                "description": "Coronal mass ejections.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do coronal mass ejections produce magnetic clouds, according to current understanding?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Do all ejections contain clouds?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "propagation",
            "name": "Propagation",
            "description": "Travel to Earth.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "propagation-finding",
                "name": "Propagation",
                "description": "Propagation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do magnetic clouds evolve as they travel through the solar wind?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How long do they take to reach Earth?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "effects",
        "name": "Effects",
        "description": "Space weather.",
        "rationale": "Geomagnetic storms.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "storms",
            "name": "Storms",
            "description": "Geomagnetic storms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "storms-finding",
                "name": "Storms",
                "description": "Geomagnetic storms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why do southward-pointing cloud fields cause geomagnetic storms, and what impacts follow?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is the current space weather forecast, according to agencies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "impacts",
            "name": "Impacts",
            "description": "Technology impacts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "impacts-finding",
                "name": "Impacts",
                "description": "Impacts.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do storms affect satellites, power grids and aviation?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which alerts and mitigations exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Data and study.",
        "rationale": "Resources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "data",
            "name": "Data",
            "description": "Spacecraft data.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "data-finding",
                "name": "Data",
                "description": "Data.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which spacecraft measure magnetic clouds, and where are the data available?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are events catalogued?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Plain language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Plain explanation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can magnetic clouds be explained simply and accurately?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which caveats apply?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should coronal mass ejections be a separate entry?",
    "How should spacecraft data be linked?",
    "How should forecasts be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}