{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:14:21Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0107372, "turns": 1, "seconds": 119.0, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 72.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b8f-6b5c-7291-acad-2b4b08fc5d90\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: shovel\nRegistry id: vr.tr.shovel\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy mod" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:03:26+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-08T18:50:51+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "definition" ], "answering_review": "d090c2c1841b68c5803b4c68a521cffc48db3736bc553f73bebe4100cf82d843" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-08T18:54:40+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "3 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q7220961", "registryId": "vr.tr.shovel", "name": "shovel", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7220961/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.shovel", "name": "shovel", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a shovel, assess its suitability and condition for a particular material and task, and decide whether to use, maintain, repair or withdraw it.", "definition": "A shovel is a hand-operated tool consisting of a thin, typically dished or slightly concave blade joined to a handle, designed primarily for digging, lifting and moving bulk material rather than cutting a clean vertical face in undisturbed ground.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an individual shovel's working head, shaft, grip, connections and fitted accessories, including the evidence needed to assess its material-handling capabilities and current limitations.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the complete shovel and its head, shaft, grip and connections", "Head geometry relevant to penetrating, gathering, retaining and releasing material", "Dimensions, mass and handling features relevant to a specified user and task", "Wear, damage, contamination and assembly condition", "Supported operations, use restrictions and maintenance or replacement needs" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Soil, snow, aggregate or other handled material as an independently characterised substance", "Excavation design, underground services and worksite hazard management", "The operator's health, training and personal protective equipment", "Powered excavators and their buckets or shovel attachments", "Separate picks, hoes, forks, trowels and other neighbouring hand tools" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Look for a substantially continuous blade or scoop, connected to a manually controlled handle, that can gather and move loose material; separated working tines suggest a fork.", "Inspect whether the head supports material during lifting and transfer, rather than functioning principally as the transverse scraping or chopping head of a hoe.", "Record blade curvature, side rise, cutting edge and handle alignment when distinguishing a shovel from a spade; a seller's name alone does not settle this boundary.", "Check whether the implement is a complete hand-operated tool or a working attachment that depends on a powered machine.", "For snow tools, inspect whether the head and handle support lifting a retained load or primarily pushing material along a surface." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Declared shovel type and intended material", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded designation and intended materials, with evidence and unknown allowed", "why_it_matters": "A digging shovel, bulk-material scoop and snow shovel may support different operations despite sharing a name." }, { "name": "Head dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Blade length, maximum width and scoop depth in mm", "why_it_matters": "These constrain access, material retention and the size of a gathered load." }, { "name": "Leading-edge profile", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Pointed, rounded, straight, serrated, other or unknown", "why_it_matters": "The entry shape helps assess suitability for penetrating material or gathering it from a surface." }, { "name": "Head-to-shaft angle", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Degrees, with the reference planes and measurement method recorded", "why_it_matters": "The relationship affects how the head meets a surface and carries material." }, { "name": "Overall length and usable grip positions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Overall length and grip-position distances from the head in mm", "why_it_matters": "These support an assessment of reach and handling for the intended task." }, { "name": "Unloaded mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg", "why_it_matters": "The operator must handle the tool's own mass as well as its contents." }, { "name": "Component materials", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed or documented head, shaft, grip and connector materials; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Material identity informs inspection and maintenance without establishing a load rating by itself." }, { "name": "Head and shaft integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed cracks, deformation, wear, corrosion, splintering or other defects, with location and extent", "why_it_matters": "Damage may impair control, load retention or structural reliability." }, { "name": "Connection and lock condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Fixed or adjustable construction; observed play, missing fasteners and lock engagement; untested allowed", "why_it_matters": "A loose head or unsecured folding joint can change behaviour during a stroke." }, { "name": "Task-specific suitability", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Shovel linked to a proposed material, operation and context, with supporting evidence and unresolved limits", "why_it_matters": "Suitability depends on what the agent proposes to do with this particular shovel." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether the shovel can penetrate or loosen the specified material within documented limitations.", "Gather, lift, carry over a short distance and discharge loose material using a suitable shovel.", "Push or scrape material where the head design and surface compatibility support that operation.", "Inspect the blade, shaft, grip, connections and any adjustable locks before use.", "Clean, maintain or replace supported components according to construction and available instructions.", "Withdraw the shovel from a proposed task when damage, contamination or unresolved limitations prevent a supported use decision." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Use or operate a shovel the agent is authorized to use, for digging or moving bulk material.", "Report damage such as a cracked handle or loose blade." ], "must_not": [ "Dig where buried utilities have not been located.", "Operate a machine-mounted shovel near people outside its safe working zone.", "Dig on land without the owner's permission or near protected heritage or graves." ], "requires_human": [ "Excavation near utilities, trenches or protected sites." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Digging into cables or gas pipes can kill.", "Manual digging strains workers' backs." ], "affected_parties": [ "Workers", "Bystanders", "Utility users" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The person or company that owns it.", "master_systems": [] }, "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Striking buried power cables or gas pipes while digging.", "Trench collapse and back strain from heavy lifting." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Shovels are used in gardening, agriculture, construction and material handling to dig or move loose bulk material.", "Manual shovels allow a person to lift and transfer material using a blade and handle.", "Machine-mounted shovels perform related excavation and loading tasks at scales determined by the carrier machine." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "BS 8020, issued by the British Standards Institution, applies to insulating hand tools including shovels intended for work on or near conductor rail systems." ], "visual_identification": [ "A manual shovel typically has a broad, slightly concave blade connected to a long shaft.", "Raised blade sides help retain loose material and distinguish many shovels from flatter spades.", "The blade has a continuous working surface rather than the separated tines of a fork or rake.", "A machine-mounted shovel has a scoop attached to a mechanical arm or linkage instead of a hand-held shaft." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-shovel", "title": "Shovel", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shovel", "what_it_supports": "Common kinds (round-point, square-point, scoop, snow, entrenching, power shovel), the blade-and-shaft anatomy, and the everyday distinction from a spade.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wco-hs-8201", "title": "Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, heading 8201 (Hand tools: spades, shovels, mattocks, picks, hoes, forks and rakes)", "url": "https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.aspx", "what_it_supports": "International trade identity of the hand tool as HS 8201.10 'spades and shovels', grouped with other agricultural and digging hand tools.", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "osha-1926-301", "title": "29 CFR 1926.301 Hand tools", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.301", "what_it_supports": "US construction-site rules that apply to shovels as hand tools (sound handles, no splintered or cracked wood, mushroomed striking faces on related tools).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "osha-snow-shoveling", "title": "Take Precautions When Shoveling Snow", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Documented real-world use and hazards of snow shoveling: overexertion, cold stress, and cardiac events as a recognised occupational and public risk.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q7220961: shovel", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7220961", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "shovel-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Shovel identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish whether the item belongs to this entry and which shovel configuration it represents.", "rationale": "Similar names can refer to tools with different working heads and operating requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "working-tool-recognition", "name": "Working tool recognition", "description": "Recognise the shovel through its assembled form and working action.", "findings": [ { "id": "blade-and-handle-configuration", "name": "Blade and handle configuration", "description": "Record evidence of a material-gathering blade or scoop and a handle arranged for manual control.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the assembled item have a continuous working head capable of gathering and supporting material during transfer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "blade-and-handle-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "Is this a complete manually operated shovel, a replacement component or a machine attachment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "blade-and-handle-configuration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "type-and-neighbouring-tools", "name": "Type and neighbouring tools", "description": "Separate supported type identification from ambiguous naming.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-evidence", "name": "Type evidence", "description": "Record the declared type and the physical features supporting or complicating that designation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What markings, manufacturer information or other evidence identify its shovel type and intended material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "type-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed features distinguish it from a spade, scoop, snow pusher or trowel, and where does classification remain unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "type-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "head-and-material-engagement", "name": "Head and material engagement", "description": "Describe how the working head enters, gathers, retains and releases material.", "rationale": "Shovel suitability depends on blade geometry and its interaction with the particular material and surface.", "layers": [ { "id": "entry-and-surface-contact", "name": "Entry and surface contact", "description": "Characterise the leading edge and features used to press the blade into material.", "findings": [ { "id": "edge-and-foot-support", "name": "Edge and foot support", "description": "Record the entry profile, edge condition and any head features intended to accept foot pressure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the leading-edge profile, width and current wear or damage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "edge-and-foot-support-q01" }, { "text": "Does available evidence support applying foot pressure, and which part of the head is intended to receive it?", "kind": "action", "id": "edge-and-foot-support-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "load-retention-and-discharge", "name": "Load retention and discharge", "description": "Characterise the head's usable carrying shape and release behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "scoop-geometry", "name": "Scoop geometry", "description": "Record blade area, curvature, side rise and features that affect retention or discharge of the intended material.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the head's length, width, depth and head-to-shaft angle, using stated measurement references?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "scoop-geometry-q01" }, { "text": "For the proposed material, what evidence shows whether a gathered load remains on the head and releases without excessive sticking?", "kind": "action", "id": "scoop-geometry-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "shaft-grip-and-control", "name": "Shaft, grip and control", "description": "Describe how the user holds, positions and controls the loaded shovel.", "rationale": "A suitable head alone does not establish whether the complete shovel can be controlled in the intended space and task.", "layers": [ { "id": "reach-and-hand-placement", "name": "Reach and hand placement", "description": "Record handle geometry and available holding positions.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-handling-geometry", "name": "Usable handling geometry", "description": "Capture overall length, shaft shape, terminal grip and the condition of surfaces intended for holding.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the overall length, shaft shape, grip type and usable hand positions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-handling-geometry-q01" }, { "text": "Can the intended user hold and manoeuvre this shovel through the proposed stroke in the available space?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-handling-geometry-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mass-and-adjustment", "name": "Mass and adjustment", "description": "Record tool mass and any configuration changes affecting control.", "findings": [ { "id": "configured-handling-state", "name": "Configured handling state", "description": "Identify the current shaft length or folding position and whether the relevant locks are engaged.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the unloaded mass of the shovel in its current configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "configured-handling-state-q01" }, { "text": "If the shovel folds or telescopes, which working positions are supported and how is secure engagement verified?", "kind": "action", "id": "configured-handling-state-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "structural-condition-and-care", "name": "Structural condition and care", "description": "Assess the working head, handle and connecting parts for defects and maintenance needs.", "rationale": "Shovelling transfers force through the blade, connection and shaft; defects anywhere along that path can undermine use.", "layers": [ { "id": "head-and-handle-integrity", "name": "Head and handle integrity", "description": "Record material-specific defects and their location.", "findings": [ { "id": "damage-and-wear-evidence", "name": "Damage and wear evidence", "description": "Capture cracks, distortion, blade loss, corrosion, splintering and other observed deterioration without assuming hidden strength.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which component materials are known, and what observations or documentation establish them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "damage-and-wear-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Where are defects present, how extensive are they, and do they affect the edge, load-carrying head or holding surfaces?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "damage-and-wear-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "connections-and-serviceability", "name": "Connections and serviceability", "description": "Assess attachment security and supported component maintenance.", "findings": [ { "id": "head-shaft-and-grip-security", "name": "Head, shaft and grip security", "description": "Record connection construction, observed looseness and evidence for repair or replacement options.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are the head and grip attached to the shaft, and what play, missing hardware or connection damage is observable?", "kind": "definition", "id": "head-shaft-and-grip-security-q01" }, { "text": "Which cleaning, fastening, edge-maintenance or component-replacement actions are supported for this construction?", "kind": "action", "id": "head-shaft-and-grip-security-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "task-fit-and-use-decision", "name": "Task fit and use decision", "description": "Connect the shovel's observed configuration and condition to a proposed operation.", "rationale": "The agent needs a supported decision about a particular use, including cases where evidence is insufficient.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-and-operation-fit", "name": "Material and operation fit", "description": "Assess the requested action against intended use and available limitations.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-shovelling-operation", "name": "Supported shovelling operation", "description": "Record whether the evidence supports penetrating, gathering, lifting, pushing or scraping the specified material.", "questions": [ { "text": "What material, surface and operation are proposed, and which observed features or instructions support using this shovel for them?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-shovelling-operation-q01" }, { "text": "What documented restrictions or ratings apply, and which proposed demands, such as prying or striking, remain unsupported?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-shovelling-operation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "readiness-and-withdrawal", "name": "Readiness and withdrawal", "description": "Resolve whether the shovel is ready for the task or needs intervention.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-disposition", "name": "Use disposition", "description": "Record a task-specific disposition based on defects, assembly state, residues and unresolved evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do adhering material, residues or previous use require cleaning or further identification before the proposed task?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Should this shovel be used, serviced, reassessed or withdrawn from this task, and which observations justify that decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Round-point (digging) shovel", "Square-point (transfer) shovel", "Scoop / coal / grain / barn shovel", "Trenching or drain shovel", "Snow shovel (lifting blade, distinct from a snow pusher)", "Garden, border, or floral shovel (short blade and shaft)", "Folding or military entrenching tool", "Power or face shovel (excavating machine, historically steam shovel)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q102664", "note": "Item for the hand tool 'shovel'; power shovels and spades are separate items." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (WCO)", "value_or_pattern": "8201.10", "note": "'Spades and shovels'; the heading does not split the two tools." }, { "scheme": "UNSPSC", "value_or_pattern": "27112004 (class 271120, digging and gardening tools)", "note": "Commodity code commonly used in procurement catalogues for hand shovels; confirm against the current UNSPSC release before using as a primary key." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "OSHA 29 CFR 1926.301 Hand tools - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (United States), construction.", "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.242 Hand and portable powered tools and equipment, general - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (United States), general industry.", "World Customs Organization Harmonized System heading 8201.10 - classification of spades and shovels in international trade, not a product-safety standard.", "BS 3388 Forks, shovels and spades - British Standards Institution, dimensional and construction requirements for the British garden and contractor pattern.", "Municipal sidewalk-clearing by-laws in Canada, the northern United States, and much of northern Europe - require occupiers to remove snow and ice, which is the main legal driver of domestic snow-shovel use." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Hardware and garden retail: sold as round-point digging shovels and square-point transfer shovels with wood, fibreglass, or steel shafts and D-grip or long straight handles.", "Building and civil works: moving sand, ballast, and spoil; bedding pipes; cleaning formwork; often used together with a pick, mattock, or spade.", "Agriculture and stables: scoop shovels for grain, feed, manure, and silage; irrigation/'western' patterns with a long handle and large blade in the western United States.", "Winter maintenance: lifting snow from steps and paths; wide plastic or aluminium blades; distinct from wheeled snow pushers and snow blowers.", "Utilities and trenching: narrow drain or cable shovels for post holes, drainage, and exposing buried services by hand once machine work is too close.", "Military and emergency: folding entrenching tools for fighting positions, fire lines, and disaster debris.", "Mining and bulk handling (historical and plant): hand scoops in small workings; power shovels and face shovels as the machine descendant on benches and in quarries." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Handle / shaft length", "typical_range": "660-1520", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Blade width (hand shovel, excluding snow)", "typical_range": "140-360", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Snow-shovel blade width", "typical_range": "400-600", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Tool mass (hand shovel)", "typical_range": "1.2-3.5", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Blade lift (angle between blade plane and shaft)", "typical_range": "25-40", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Typical lifted load per scoop (soil or aggregate)", "typical_range": "2-8", "unit": "kg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Shaft failure: wood splits or rot at the socket; fibreglass or steel shafts crack at the ferrule or D-grip.", "Blade deformation: corners fold on rock or frozen ground; thin snow blades buckle.", "Socket or frog loosening: blade parts from the shaft under load.", "Musculoskeletal injury: lumbar strain and shoulder overuse from lifting and twisting; snow shoveling is a documented trigger for cardiac events.", "Struck-by and puncture: thrown stone or ice; stepping onto an upturned blade.", "Contact with buried services: metal blade striking live cable, gas, or fibre; the usual control is hand-digging only after machine excavation to a safe distance.", "Cold and slip hazards while clearing snow and ice.", "Power-shovel / excavator context (if that sense is in scope): overturning, swing-radius struck-by, and bucket pinch - machine hazards, not hand-tool hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "United Kingdom and Ireland: trade and gardening usage keeps 'spade' (digging, relatively flat blade, often a tread) distinct from 'shovel' (moving loose material, dished blade). North American retail often sells digging tools as 'shovels'.", "United States and Canada: 'round-point' and 'square-point' are the hardware-aisle names; long-handled 'western' or irrigation shovels are a regional agricultural pattern.", "German-speaking Europe: Schaufel (dished shovel/scoop) versus Spaten (spade); snow tools are often Schneeschieber (pusher) rather than a lifting shovel.", "Military entrenching tools follow national patterns (US E-tool, German Klappspaten, etc.) rather than a single civilian hardware type.", "Snow-shovel use and municipal clearing duties are concentrated in snow climates; the same object is a seasonal specialty in temperate maritime regions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Spade", "difference": "A spade has a flatter, thinner blade with a sharper cutting edge and usually a tread for the foot; it is made to cut and lever undisturbed soil. A shovel's blade is dished so it will hold a load for lifting and throwing. In British usage the names track that function; in North America many digging spades are sold as shovels." }, { "name": "Snow pusher (snow sledge / Schneeschieber)", "difference": "A pusher is a wide, often wheeled or long-bladed tool meant to slide snow aside without lifting it. A snow shovel has a shorter, dished blade and is used to lift and throw. Many consumer 'snow shovels' are hybrids; the test is whether the intended stroke is a lift." }, { "name": "Scoop (open trough, no point)", "difference": "A scoop is a deep trough, often with a rolled lip and no pointed tip, for grain, feed, or loose bulk. Overlaps the scoop-shovel kind; separate when there is no digging point and the tool is not intended to enter packed ground." }, { "name": "Trowel", "difference": "One-handed, short-hafted masonry or garden tool; a shovel is two-handed (or machine-mounted) and sized to move a bulk load, not a pointing or planting handful." }, { "name": "Hoe or mattock", "difference": "The blade is set across or offset from the handle for chopping, scraping, or picking, not in line with the shaft for lifting a scooped load." }, { "name": "Fork / pitchfork / spading fork", "difference": "Working end is tines, not a solid blade, so it will not hold fine bulk (sand, grain) the way a shovel will." }, { "name": "Excavator bucket (general)", "difference": "A general excavator or backhoe bucket may dig, cut, and grade; a face or power shovel is the machine sense of 'shovel', typically crowding into a face and dumping by racking or stick motion. Separate by machine kinematics and by whether the object is a replaceable bucket or a named shovel class." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of shovel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry policy include spades, hand scoops and snow pushers within shovel, or assign them to neighbouring entries?", "Which primary sources establish intended operations, restrictions and any load ratings for the shovel variants represented?", "Which inspection criteria reliably distinguish acceptable wear from defects requiring withdrawal for each head, shaft and connection construction?", "What repeatable assessment should be used for load retention and release across materials with different density, moisture and adhesion?", "Which specialist shovel features require additional coverage, and what evidence is needed to verify claims such as electrical insulation or spark resistance?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }