{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T12:04:03Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T17:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:30:24+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q7281",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.propaganda",
    "name": "propaganda",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.ACT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7281/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.propaganda",
    "name": "propaganda",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain propaganda neutrally, help people recognise persuasion and manipulation techniques, and attribute characterisations of specific material to sources rather than labelling actors itself.",
    "definition": "Communication used to influence the attitudes or actions of an audience, often by selectively presenting facts, appealing to emotion or using misleading claims, produced by states, parties, movements or other organisations.",
    "what_it_is_for": "A topic in media literacy, history and political communication.",
    "affordances": [
      "recognise common propaganda techniques",
      "check claims against independent sources",
      "study historical propaganda with scholarly context",
      "distinguish propaganda from other persuasion"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Aims to shape attitudes or actions",
      "Often one-sided",
      "Can be true, misleading or false",
      "Label is itself contested"
    ],
    "appearance": "Posters, broadcasts, social media posts, films, leaflets and speeches.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Emotional appeals and simple slogans",
      "Selective or false claims",
      "Advertising and public information campaigns overlap but differ"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "state propaganda",
      "wartime propaganda",
      "political campaign messaging",
      "computational propaganda",
      "counter-propaganda"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "communication",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "disinformation",
        "why": "related concept"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is countered by",
        "target": "media literacy",
        "why": "response"
      },
      {
        "relation": "overlaps",
        "target": "advertising",
        "why": "related practice"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 20",
      "Electoral advertising rules",
      "EU Digital Services Act risk rules"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Agents labelling contested material as propaganda without attribution",
      "Amplifying harmful messaging",
      "False balance"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain what propaganda is and how to recognize it at a general level.",
        "Attribute claims that material is propaganda to named, reliable sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Produce propaganda or disinformation for any party.",
        "Label contested material as propaganda in its own voice without attribution.",
        "Amplify propaganda that incites hatred or violence.",
        "Present false balance between documented facts and propaganda."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing analysis that labels a specific outlet or campaign as propaganda."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Propaganda has prepared the ground for persecution and war.",
        "Calling opponents' speech propaganda can itself be used to silence them."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Audiences",
        "Groups targeted by propaganda",
        "Journalists and researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; the producer answers for each message.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q7281: propaganda",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Propaganda",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "techniques",
        "name": "Techniques",
        "description": "Recognising.",
        "rationale": "Techniques can be learned.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "methods",
            "name": "Methods",
            "description": "Common techniques.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "methods-finding",
                "name": "Methods",
                "description": "Techniques.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which persuasion techniques, such as name-calling or bandwagon appeals, appear here?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which media literacy resources explain them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "claims",
            "name": "Claims",
            "description": "Checking.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "claims-finding",
                "name": "Claims",
                "description": "Checking claims.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Can the key claims be verified in independent sources?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Have fact-checkers assessed them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "attribution",
        "name": "Attribution",
        "description": "Neutral handling.",
        "rationale": "Labels are contested.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "label",
            "name": "Label",
            "description": "Who calls it propaganda.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "label-finding",
                "name": "Label",
                "description": "Attribution of labels.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who characterises this material as propaganda, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Do others dispute the characterisation?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "balance",
            "name": "Balance",
            "description": "Avoiding false balance.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "balance-finding",
                "name": "Balance",
                "description": "Balance.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is established evidence presented without false balance?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are views attributed rather than asserted?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "Past campaigns.",
        "rationale": "History teaches.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "examples",
            "name": "Examples",
            "description": "Historic cases.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "examples-finding",
                "name": "Examples",
                "description": "Historic cases.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do historians describe this propaganda campaign?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which archives hold examples?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "context",
            "name": "Context",
            "description": "Harmful content.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "context-finding",
                "name": "Context",
                "description": "Harmful content.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is hateful historical material shown only with scholarly context?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is its reproduction necessary?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "name": "Limits",
        "description": "Agent conduct.",
        "rationale": "Agents should not produce it.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "production",
            "name": "Production",
            "description": "No manipulation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "production-finding",
                "name": "Production",
                "description": "Production limits.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the request seek deceptive content or coordinated inauthentic campaigns?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should the agent decline?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "reporting",
            "name": "Reporting",
            "description": "Platforms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "reporting-finding",
                "name": "Reporting",
                "description": "Reporting.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can coordinated disinformation be reported to a platform?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which rules apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should historical campaigns be separate entries?",
    "How should characterisations be attributed?",
    "How should fact-checks be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}