{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T20:13:52Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:00:47+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q743",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.tungsten",
    "name": "tungsten",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q743/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.tungsten",
    "name": "tungsten",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain tungsten as an element and material, relay its properties, uses, supply and trade information from reference and regulatory sources, and separate the metal from its carbide and other compounds.",
    "definition": "A hard, dense, grey metal, chemical element 74, with the highest melting point of all metals; obtained from wolframite and scheelite ores and used in cutting tools as tungsten carbide, in lamp filaments, electrical contacts, high-temperature alloys, radiation shielding and ammunition, and classified as a critical raw material in several economies.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Hard and heat-resistant materials.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain properties and isotopes",
      "explain uses and how it is produced",
      "relay supply and criticality information",
      "distinguish the metal from tungsten carbide"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Highest melting point among metals",
      "Very dense and hard",
      "Carbide is the main industrial form",
      "Supply concentrated in a few countries"
    ],
    "appearance": "Grey-white lustrous metal, very heavy and hard.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Element 74, very dense",
      "Highest melting point of metals",
      "Tungsten carbide is a compound used in tools"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "atomic number",
        "typical_range": "74",
        "unit": "",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "melting point",
        "typical_range": "about 3422",
        "unit": "degrees C",
        "note": "highest of all metals"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "density",
        "typical_range": "about 19.3",
        "unit": "g per cubic centimetre",
        "note": "similar to gold"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "tungsten metal",
      "tungsten carbide and hard metals",
      "tungsten alloys and heavy alloys",
      "tungsten compounds such as tungstates",
      "tungsten isotopes"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "transition metal",
        "why": "the classification"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "tungsten carbide",
        "why": "the main industrial product"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is obtained from",
        "target": "wolframite and scheelite",
        "why": "the ores"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "critical raw material",
        "why": "supply policy"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "chemical symbol",
        "value_or_pattern": "W",
        "note": "from wolfram"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "CAS number",
        "value_or_pattern": "7440-33-7",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Conflict minerals rules covering tungsten in the US and EU",
      "Critical raw material lists",
      "Occupational exposure limits for tungsten and cobalt hard metal dust"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Hard metal lung disease from carbide and cobalt dust",
      "Supply disruption",
      "Conflict minerals sourcing issues",
      "Confusing tungsten with tungsten carbide"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain tungsten's properties, ores and uses in tools, filaments and alloys.",
        "Report supply chain data, including conflict mineral due diligence, from published sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Help source tungsten from mines that fund armed conflict or use forced labour.",
        "Encourage machining or grinding tungsten carbide without dust controls.",
        "Misdescribe tungsten alloys as other metals in trade or jewellery."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Approving a supplier of tungsten ore."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Tungsten is one of the minerals whose trade has funded armed conflict.",
        "Workers grinding hard metals risk lung disease."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Miners and their communities",
        "Machinists",
        "Buyers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person or company that holds it; mineral traders under due diligence rules.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q743: tungsten",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Tungsten",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "element",
        "name": "Element",
        "description": "What tungsten is.",
        "rationale": "Chemistry.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "properties",
            "name": "Properties",
            "description": "Properties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "properties-finding",
                "name": "Properties",
                "description": "Properties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the physical and chemical properties and isotopes of tungsten?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the metal, the carbide or a compound?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "production",
            "name": "Production",
            "description": "Ores and production.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "production-finding",
                "name": "Production",
                "description": "Production.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where is tungsten mined, and how is it refined?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits tungsten mining?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Applications.",
        "rationale": "Uses.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "applications",
            "name": "Applications",
            "description": "Uses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "applications-finding",
                "name": "Applications",
                "description": "Applications.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is tungsten used in tools, filaments, alloys and shielding?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits tungsten carbide?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "supply",
            "name": "Supply",
            "description": "Supply and trade.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "supply-finding",
                "name": "Supply",
                "description": "Supply.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are production volumes, producers and criticality assessments, with sources?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources and years are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "rules",
        "name": "Rules",
        "description": "Regulation and safety.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "sourcing",
            "name": "Sourcing",
            "description": "Conflict minerals.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sourcing-finding",
                "name": "Sourcing",
                "description": "Sourcing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What due diligence rules apply to tungsten sourcing?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits conflict minerals?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "health",
            "name": "Health",
            "description": "Occupational health.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "health-finding",
                "name": "Health",
                "description": "Health.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What health hazards arise from tungsten and hard metal dust, and what limits apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about a specific workplace, which needs its safety officer?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History and research.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Discovery and names.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was tungsten discovered, and why does it have two names?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "research",
            "name": "Research",
            "description": "Research.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "research-finding",
                "name": "Research",
                "description": "Research.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What research involves tungsten, such as fusion reactor walls and recycling?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits fusion materials?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should tungsten carbide be a separate entry?",
    "How should supply and trade data be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged isotope aliases; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}