{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T13:26:56Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:38:00+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q76250",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.redshift",
    "name": "redshift",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q76250/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.redshift",
    "name": "redshift",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain redshift and its causes, relay measurement methods and their use in cosmology from astronomy references, describe key results such as Hubble s law, and distinguish redshift from blueshift, from reddening by dust and from the everyday sense of red colour.",
    "definition": "The increase in wavelength of light or other radiation from a source, shifting spectral lines toward the red, caused by the source moving away in the Doppler effect, by the expansion of the universe in cosmological redshift, or by climbing out of a gravitational field in gravitational redshift, measured precisely from spectra as spectroscopic redshift or estimated from colours as photometric redshift; redshift is the main tool for measuring distances and the expansion of the universe.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Measuring motion, distance and expansion.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain causes",
      "relay measurement",
      "describe cosmological use",
      "distinguish related concepts"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Wavelength shift",
      "Three causes",
      "Distance proxy",
      "Cosmology foundation"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; spectral lines displaced toward longer wavelengths.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Wavelength increase of light",
      "Doppler, cosmological, gravitational; spectroscopic and photometric redshift",
      "Blueshift is the opposite; dust reddening dims blue light without shifting lines"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "definition",
        "typical_range": "z = (observed minus emitted wavelength) over emitted",
        "unit": "formula",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "highest confirmed galaxy redshift",
        "typical_range": "above 13",
        "unit": "z",
        "note": "2020s"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "CMB redshift",
        "typical_range": "about 1100",
        "unit": "z",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Hubble s law",
        "typical_range": "1929",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Doppler redshift from motion",
      "cosmological redshift from expansion",
      "gravitational redshift",
      "spectroscopic redshift measurement",
      "photometric redshift estimation",
      "redshift surveys of galaxies"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "physical quantity",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is caused by",
        "target": "Doppler effect",
        "why": "for moving sources"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "Hubble s law",
        "why": "to measure expansion"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "blueshift",
        "why": "a shift toward shorter wavelengths"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No regulation; astronomical data standards for redshift catalogues"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing redshift with reddening",
      "Treating cosmological redshift as a simple Doppler shift",
      "Photometric redshift errors"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain Doppler, cosmological and gravitational redshift.",
        "Convert between redshift, velocity and distance and state the model used.",
        "Report measured redshifts with their catalogue and uncertainty."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a distance from redshift without the cosmological model it depends on.",
        "Treat preliminary claims of record redshifts as confirmed.",
        "Confuse redshift with the colour of an object."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing claims about new record distances or cosmological results."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Overstated results erode public trust in science.",
        "Credit for discoveries belongs to the teams that made them."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Astronomers",
        "Students and the public"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the phenomenon; survey teams and catalogues hold the measurements.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Astronomical redshift catalogues"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q76250: redshift",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Redshift",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What redshift is.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition and causes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is redshift, and how do Doppler, cosmological and gravitational redshift differ from blueshift and dust reddening?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the concept, a cause, measurement or cosmology?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "formula",
            "name": "Formula",
            "description": "Definition and scale.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "formula-finding",
                "name": "Formula",
                "description": "Formula.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is z defined, and what do redshifts of 0.1, 1, 10 and 1100 mean?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the cosmic distance ladder?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "measure",
        "name": "Measure",
        "description": "Measurement.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "spectroscopic",
            "name": "Spectroscopic",
            "description": "Spectroscopic redshift.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "spectroscopic-finding",
                "name": "Spectroscopic",
                "description": "Spectroscopic.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are redshifts measured from spectral lines?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "photometric",
            "name": "Photometric",
            "description": "Photometric redshift.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "photometric-finding",
                "name": "Photometric",
                "description": "Photometric.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are redshifts estimated from colours, and how accurate are they?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "cosmology",
        "name": "Cosmology",
        "description": "Cosmology.",
        "rationale": "Science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "expansion",
            "name": "Expansion",
            "description": "Expansion.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "expansion-finding",
                "name": "Expansion",
                "description": "Expansion.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Hubble and later surveys use redshift to establish and measure cosmic expansion?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the expansion of the universe?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "surveys",
            "name": "Surveys",
            "description": "Redshift surveys.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "surveys-finding",
                "name": "Surveys",
                "description": "Surveys.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What have redshift surveys such as SDSS revealed about large-scale structure?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits redshift survey?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Gravity and history.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "gravity",
            "name": "Gravity",
            "description": "Gravitational redshift.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "gravity-finding",
                "name": "Gravity",
                "description": "Gravity.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does gravitational redshift test general relativity, from Pound-Rebka to GPS?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits tests of general relativity?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was redshift discovered and interpreted by Slipher, Hubble and Lemaitre?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of cosmology?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should cosmological and gravitational redshift be separate primary entries?",
    "How should astronomy references be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming causes and methods; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}