{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T08:48:12Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:22:53+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q7850", "registryId": "vr.tr.chinese", "name": "Chinese", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7850/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.chinese", "name": "Chinese", "purpose": "Let an agent handle Chinese by variety, script, romanisation and usage, respecting the distinction between varieties and scripts.", "definition": "The Chinese languages, a branch of the Sino-Tibetan family comprising many varieties such as Mandarin, Cantonese (Yue), Wu, Min, Hakka, Xiang and Gan, written mainly with Chinese characters in simplified or traditional forms.", "what_it_is_for": "Communication for well over a billion people, and a major language of culture and scholarship.", "affordances": [ "identify the variety and script", "romanise with the right system", "learn Chinese", "translate carefully" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Group of varieties", "Shared logographic writing tradition", "Tonal", "Two main character standards" ], "appearance": "Chinese characters in simplified or traditional form; spoken varieties with tones.", "visual_identification": [ "Simplified versus traditional characters", "Romanisations such as Hanyu Pinyin or Jyutping", "Varieties may be mutually unintelligible in speech" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "speakers", "typical_range": "about 1.3-1.4 billion", "unit": "people", "note": "all varieties, estimates vary" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Mandarin", "Yue (Cantonese)", "Wu (such as Shanghainese)", "Min (such as Hokkien)", "Hakka, Xiang and Gan" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Sino-Tibetan language", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is written in", "target": "Chinese characters", "why": "script" }, { "relation": "is romanised by", "target": "Hanyu Pinyin and others", "why": "systems" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Japanese and Korean", "why": "shared characters (not related languages)" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "zh", "note": "macrolanguage" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "cmn, yue, wuu and others", "note": "varieties" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "National language standards (Putonghua)", "Unicode CJK standards", "ISO 7098 romanisation" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating all varieties as one spoken language", "Mixing simplified and traditional scripts", "Wrong romanisation for names" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Translate, teach and write in Chinese, naming the variety and script.", "Explain the differences between varieties such as Mandarin and Cantonese." ], "must_not": [ "Treat one variety or script as the only correct Chinese.", "Translate legal, medical or safety texts without flagging the need for a qualified translator.", "Use language to mock or stereotype speakers." ], "requires_human": [ "Certifying a translation for official use." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "The choice of variety and script carries political and cultural weight.", "Minority varieties are under pressure." ], "affected_parties": [ "Speakers of all varieties", "Learners" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody: a language held in common by its speakers.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q7850: Chinese", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7850", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Chinese language", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "variety", "name": "Variety", "description": "Which Chinese.", "rationale": "Varieties differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "spoken", "name": "Spoken", "description": "Variety.", "findings": [ { "id": "spoken-finding", "name": "Spoken", "description": "Variety.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which spoken variety is meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Where is it spoken?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "script", "name": "Script", "description": "Simplified or traditional.", "findings": [ { "id": "script-finding", "name": "Script", "description": "Script.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which character standard is expected?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "For which region?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "romanisation", "name": "Romanisation", "description": "Latin script.", "rationale": "Systems differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "system", "name": "System", "description": "Pinyin, Jyutping.", "findings": [ { "id": "system-finding", "name": "System", "description": "Romanisation system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which romanisation system applies?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Are tone marks needed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names", "description": "Personal and place names.", "findings": [ { "id": "names-finding", "name": "Names", "description": "Names.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the person or place prefer to be romanised?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is a historical form used?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learning", "name": "Learning", "description": "Learners.", "rationale": "Chinese is widely learned.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels", "description": "HSK and others.", "findings": [ { "id": "levels-finding", "name": "Levels", "description": "Proficiency.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which proficiency tests exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What level is needed?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "resources", "name": "Resources", "description": "Study.", "findings": [ { "id": "resources-finding", "name": "Resources", "description": "Resources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which learning resources suit the learner?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which variety do they teach?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "translation", "name": "Translation", "description": "Care.", "rationale": "Translation needs care.", "layers": [ { "id": "accuracy", "name": "Accuracy", "description": "Meaning.", "findings": [ { "id": "accuracy-finding", "name": "Accuracy", "description": "Translation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the translation keep meaning and register?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Are idioms handled?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neutrality", "name": "Neutrality", "description": "Naming.", "findings": [ { "id": "neutrality-finding", "name": "Neutrality", "description": "Neutral naming.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are politically sensitive names handled neutrally?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Are alternatives noted?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should varieties be separate entries?", "How should scripts be linked?", "How should politically sensitive naming be handled?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }