{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T22:32:02Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:45:20+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q7918",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.bulgarian",
    "name": "Bulgarian",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7918/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.bulgarian",
    "name": "Bulgarian",
    "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Bulgarian language and its varieties, support learning and translation, explain status and regulation, present the Macedonian question neutrally with attribution, and provide history with sources.",
    "definition": "A South Slavic language spoken by about seven million people, the official language of Bulgaria and spoken by communities in Ukraine, Moldova, Turkey and elsewhere, written in the Cyrillic alphabet, with eastern and western dialect groups and a standard developed in the nineteenth century; Bulgarian is notable among Slavic languages for its definite article and loss of case, and its relationship to Macedonian is a subject of attributed linguistic and political positions.",
    "what_it_is_for": "A South Slavic language.",
    "affordances": [
      "describe the language and its dialects",
      "support learning and translation",
      "explain status and regulation",
      "present contested questions neutrally"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "South Slavic",
      "Definite article and no cases",
      "Cyrillic script",
      "Diaspora communities"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; spoken and written language in Cyrillic.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "South Slavic language",
      "Cyrillic alphabet",
      "Analytic grammar with definite article"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Standard Bulgarian",
      "eastern dialects",
      "western dialects",
      "Bulgarian in diaspora communities",
      "historical Old and Middle Bulgarian"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "South Slavic",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Swedish",
        "why": "another language entry"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Malay",
        "why": "another language entry"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "alphabet",
        "why": "the Cyrillic alphabet"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-1",
        "value_or_pattern": "bg",
        "note": "language code"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
        "value_or_pattern": "bul",
        "note": "language code"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Bulgarian Academy of Sciences language norms",
      "National and EU official language status",
      "Minority language provisions in other countries"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Partisan presentation of the Macedonian language question",
      "Overgeneralising dialects",
      "Machine translation errors"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Translate to and from Bulgarian and state when a translation is machine-made.",
        "Describe the language, its alphabet and dialects from linguistic sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present one side of the Bulgarian and Macedonian language question as settled fact.",
        "Treat one dialect as the whole language or mock dialect speakers.",
        "Deliver unchecked machine translation for legal, medical or official documents.",
        "Transliterate names in a way that misidentifies a person."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Certified or official translation of documents that affect a person's rights."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Language is tied to national identity; partisan framing can inflame disputes.",
        "Poor translation can cost people access to services and justice."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Bulgarian speakers",
        "Speakers of neighbouring languages",
        "People relying on translations"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; it belongs to its speakers, with the national language institute codifying the standard.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q7918: Bulgarian",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Bulgarian language",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Learning Bulgarian.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "start",
            "name": "Start",
            "description": "Getting started.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "start-finding",
                "name": "Start",
                "description": "Getting started.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can someone start learning Bulgarian, and which resources exist?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are its main grammatical features, such as the definite article and verb system?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "script",
            "name": "Script",
            "description": "Cyrillic and pronunciation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "script-finding",
                "name": "Script",
                "description": "Script.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet used and pronounced, and how is it transliterated?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which transliteration standard applies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Translation and varieties.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "translate",
            "name": "Translate",
            "description": "Translation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "translate-finding",
                "name": "Translate",
                "description": "Translation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should this text be translated into or from Bulgarian, with attention to register?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which dictionaries are authoritative?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "dialects",
            "name": "Dialects",
            "description": "Dialects and diaspora.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "dialects-finding",
                "name": "Dialects",
                "description": "Dialects.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the eastern and western dialect groups, and how is Bulgarian spoken in Ukraine, Moldova and Turkey?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific variety?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "status",
        "name": "Status",
        "description": "Status and debates.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "official",
            "name": "Official",
            "description": "Official status.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "official-finding",
                "name": "Official",
                "description": "Status.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the legal status of Bulgarian in Bulgaria, the EU and neighbouring countries?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which bodies regulate it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "macedonian",
            "name": "Macedonian",
            "description": "The Macedonian question.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "macedonian-finding",
                "name": "Macedonian",
                "description": "Macedonian question.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the attributed positions of Bulgarian, North Macedonian and international linguists on the relationship between Bulgarian and Macedonian?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "History and literature.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of Bulgarian.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Bulgarian develop from Old Church Slavonic through Middle Bulgarian to the modern standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which texts are landmarks?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "literature",
            "name": "Literature",
            "description": "Literature.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "literature-finding",
                "name": "Literature",
                "description": "Literature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the major works of Bulgarian literature?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific work?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should dialects be separate entries?",
    "How should dictionaries be linked?",
    "How should contested questions be attributed?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}