{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:19:38Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T17:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:31:45+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q797219",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.by-draconis-variable",
    "name": "BY Draconis variable",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.SPC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q797219/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.by-draconis-variable",
    "name": "BY Draconis variable",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain BY Draconis variables by mechanism, properties, relation to flare stars and observation data.",
    "definition": "A class of rotating variable stars, mostly cool main-sequence stars of spectral types K and M, whose brightness varies by a few tenths of a magnitude as starspots rotate in and out of view, often with flares; the prototype is BY Draconis, and many are young or in close binaries.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Stellar activity research and variable star observing.",
    "affordances": [
      "describe the starspot mechanism",
      "identify BY Draconis characteristics",
      "relate them to flare stars and activity cycles",
      "find light curves and catalogues"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Rotational modulation by starspots",
      "Cool main-sequence stars",
      "Often flare activity",
      "Small amplitude"
    ],
    "appearance": "Cool red or orange dwarf stars with small quasi-periodic brightness variations.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Rotation-linked variability",
      "K and M dwarfs",
      "Eclipsing binaries show sharp periodic dips instead"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Rotation period",
        "unit": "days",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Rotation period is inferred from recurring starspot modulation while accounting for spot evolution and possible period ambiguities."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Photometric variability amplitude",
        "unit": "mag",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Variability amplitude is measured from a light curve in a specified passband over a stated observing interval."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Effective temperature",
        "unit": "K",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Effective temperature is inferred from calibrated spectra or photometry using stellar atmosphere models."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "single BY Draconis stars",
      "BY Draconis stars in binaries",
      "young active dwarfs",
      "stars also classed as flare stars"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "rotating variable star",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "has example",
        "target": "BY Draconis",
        "why": "prototype"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "flare star",
        "why": "related class"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "W Virginis variable",
        "why": "other variable class"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "GCVS type",
        "value_or_pattern": "BY",
        "note": "variable star type"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "General Catalogue of Variable Stars classification"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing rotational and pulsational variability",
      "Misattributing flares"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report BY Draconis stars and their properties from published catalogues.",
        "Explain starspot variability in general terms."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a star's classification as certain when the catalogue lists it as uncertain.",
        "Misattribute observations or discoveries."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing a star's classification in a public catalogue."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Correct attribution credits observers, including amateurs.",
        "Overstated claims about habitability of planets around flaring stars mislead the public."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Astronomers, including amateur observers",
        "Students"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a class of stars; astronomical catalogues record them.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Variable star catalogues"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q797219: BY Draconis variable",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797219",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: BY Draconis variable",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BY_Draconis_variable",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "mechanism",
        "name": "Mechanism",
        "description": "Why they vary.",
        "rationale": "Spots rotate.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "spots",
            "name": "Spots",
            "description": "Starspots.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "spots-finding",
                "name": "Spots",
                "description": "Starspots.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do starspots and rotation produce the light variations?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is the rotation period?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "activity",
            "name": "Activity",
            "description": "Magnetic activity.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "activity-finding",
                "name": "Activity",
                "description": "Magnetic activity.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is the variability linked to magnetic activity and flares?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Do activity cycles occur, according to studies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "properties",
        "name": "Properties",
        "description": "What they are.",
        "rationale": "Class properties.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "star",
            "name": "Star",
            "description": "Stellar properties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "star-finding",
                "name": "Star",
                "description": "Stellar properties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the spectral type, age and binarity of this star?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How large is the amplitude?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "classify",
            "name": "Classify",
            "description": "Classification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "classify-finding",
                "name": "Classify",
                "description": "Classification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the star classed as BY Draconis, a flare star or both?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which criteria apply?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "science",
        "name": "Science",
        "description": "Wider relevance.",
        "rationale": "Activity affects planets.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "exoplanets",
            "name": "Exoplanets",
            "description": "Host star activity.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "exoplanets-finding",
                "name": "Exoplanets",
                "description": "Host star activity.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does starspot activity affect exoplanet detection and habitability studies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which methods correct for it?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "sun",
            "name": "Sun",
            "description": "Solar analogy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sun-finding",
                "name": "Sun",
                "description": "Solar analogy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do these stars compare with sunspot activity on the Sun?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What do they reveal about young stars?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "observing",
        "name": "Observing",
        "description": "Data.",
        "rationale": "Observers contribute.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "data",
            "name": "Data",
            "description": "Light curves.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "data-finding",
                "name": "Data",
                "description": "Light curves.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where can light curves for this star be found?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which surveys observe it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "amateur",
            "name": "Amateur",
            "description": "Observing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "amateur-finding",
                "name": "Amateur",
                "description": "Amateur observing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Can amateurs detect the small variations with photometry?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can observations be reported?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should flare stars be linked or merged?",
    "How should survey data be linked?",
    "How should activity cycles be recorded?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}