{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T06:20:57Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T00:10:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:54:25+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q8038249",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.r-540-whirlwind",
    "name": "R-540 Whirlwind",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.FLW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8038249/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.r-540-whirlwind",
    "name": "R-540 Whirlwind",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Wright R-540 Whirlwind as a historical aircraft engine, describe its design and applications from published sources, identify preserved examples, and support aviation history and restoration questions.",
    "definition": "A five-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engine of the Wright Whirlwind family, introduced in the late 1920s as the smallest member of the J-6 series with about five hundred and forty cubic inches displacement and around one hundred and sixty-five horsepower, used in light aircraft, trainers and small transports of the interwar period; the engine is a historical type preserved in museums and some vintage aircraft.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Interwar five-cylinder radial aircraft engine.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain design",
      "describe applications",
      "identify preserved examples",
      "support history questions"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Five cylinders",
      "Light aircraft use",
      "Interwar era",
      "J-6 family"
    ],
    "appearance": "A five-cylinder star-shaped radial engine.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Five-cylinder Wright Whirlwind of about five hundred and forty cubic inches",
      "Smallest of the J-6 series",
      "The R-760 has seven cylinders and the R-790 and R-975 have nine"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Engine displacement",
        "unit": "cubic inches",
        "typical_range": "Approximately 540",
        "note": "Displacement is the combined swept volume of the five cylinders."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Rated shaft power",
        "unit": "horsepower",
        "typical_range": "Approximately 165",
        "note": "Rated power depends on the engine variant and specified operating conditions."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "R-540 base model",
      "variants of the five-cylinder Whirlwind",
      "engines in light and training aircraft",
      "preserved examples",
      "related J-6 series engines"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "J-6 Whirlwind",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "R-760 Whirlwind",
        "why": "the seven-cylinder relative"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "R-790 Whirlwind",
        "why": "the nine-cylinder predecessor"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "aviation",
        "why": "the wider field"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Historical type certificates",
      "Airworthiness rules for vintage aircraft",
      "Museum conservation standards"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing Whirlwind variants",
      "Parts scarcity for restoration",
      "Outdated technical data"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Describe the engine's history, specifications and aircraft it powered from reliable sources.",
        "Help restorers find documentation and museum examples."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Declare a historic engine airworthy without an authorized inspection.",
        "Advise running an engine with unknown condition near people.",
        "Invent specifications or service history."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Returning a vintage engine to flight."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Vintage aircraft failures endanger pilots, passengers and spectators.",
        "Historic engines are heritage objects that careless work can destroy."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Pilots",
        "Spectators",
        "Restorers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The owner of each engine; aviation authorities register aircraft fitted with them.",
      "master_systems": [
        "National civil aircraft registers"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q8038249: R-540 Whirlwind",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8038249",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Wright R-540 Whirlwind",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-540_Whirlwind",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What the R-540 is.",
        "rationale": "Aviation history.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "design",
            "name": "Design",
            "description": "Design and specifications.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "design-finding",
                "name": "Design",
                "description": "Design.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the design and published specifications of the R-540, and how does it relate to the other J-6 engines?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which variant is meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "family",
            "name": "Family",
            "description": "Whirlwind family.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "family-finding",
                "name": "Family",
                "description": "Family.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does the R-540 fit within the Wright Whirlwind family?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the Whirlwind family?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Applications.",
        "rationale": "Reference.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "aircraft",
            "name": "Aircraft",
            "description": "Aircraft applications.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "aircraft-finding",
                "name": "Aircraft",
                "description": "Aircraft.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which light aircraft, trainers and transports used the R-540, according to published sources?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific aircraft?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "service",
            "name": "Service",
            "description": "Service history.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "service-finding",
                "name": "Service",
                "description": "Service.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did the engine perform in service, and how long did it remain in use?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which findings are contested?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "preserve",
        "name": "Preserve",
        "description": "Preservation.",
        "rationale": "Heritage.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "museums",
            "name": "Museums",
            "description": "Museum examples.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "museums-finding",
                "name": "Museums",
                "description": "Museums.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where are R-540 engines preserved or displayed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits aviation museums?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "restoration",
            "name": "Restoration",
            "description": "Restoration.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "restoration-finding",
                "name": "Restoration",
                "description": "Restoration.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is involved in restoring and operating vintage radial engines within airworthiness rules?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits vintage aircraft restoration?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Context and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "context",
            "name": "Context",
            "description": "Historical context.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "context-finding",
                "name": "Context",
                "description": "Context.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did small radial engines like the R-540 support the growth of light aviation in the 1930s?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can radial engines be taught in aviation history and engineering?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should the J-6 series be the primary entry?",
    "How should museum collections be linked?",
    "How should type certificate records be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}