{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:19:39Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T18:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:26:02+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q8078",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.logic",
    "name": "logic",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.ACT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8078/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.logic",
    "name": "logic",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain logic by branch, help people construct and evaluate arguments, apply formal methods and find learning resources.",
    "definition": "The systematic study of valid reasoning, inference and argument, including formal logic such as propositional and predicate logic, mathematical logic, computability and complexity theory, informal logic and fallacies, and historical traditions such as Aristotelian, Indian and Buddhist logic; logic underpins mathematics, computer science and law.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Reasoning, mathematics, computing and argumentation.",
    "affordances": [
      "evaluate an argument for validity and soundness",
      "explain formal logic systems",
      "identify fallacies",
      "apply logic in computing and law"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Studies valid inference",
      "Formal and informal branches",
      "Foundational for mathematics",
      "Many historical traditions"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; symbols, proofs, truth tables and arguments.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Symbols such as connectives and quantifiers",
      "Proofs and truth tables",
      "Rhetoric persuades, logic validates"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "propositional and predicate logic",
      "mathematical logic and set theory",
      "computability and complexity theory",
      "informal logic and critical thinking",
      "non-classical logics such as modal and fuzzy logic"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "scientific study",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "underpins",
        "target": "mathematics",
        "why": "field"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is applied in",
        "target": "computer programming",
        "why": "application"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "theorem",
        "why": "proved statements"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No specific regulation; standards exist for logical notation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing validity with truth",
      "Formalising natural language poorly"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Check whether an argument is valid and name its form or fallacy.",
        "Explain logical systems and their notation as stated in the literature."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a valid argument as proof that its premises are true.",
        "Label a person's view as a fallacy without showing the argument.",
        "Invent theorems, proofs or attributions to logicians."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Relying on an automated proof for a decision about safety or people's rights."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Logic is used to persuade as well as to reason; apparent rigour can hide false premises.",
        "Calling someone illogical can be used to dismiss people rather than arguments."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Students and readers",
        "People whose views are judged"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns logic; the academic community maintains its knowledge.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q8078: logic",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8078",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Logic",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "arguments",
        "name": "Arguments",
        "description": "Evaluating reasoning.",
        "rationale": "Validity and soundness differ.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "validity",
            "name": "Validity",
            "description": "Valid arguments.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "validity-finding",
                "name": "Validity",
                "description": "Validity.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this argument valid, and are its premises true?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is its logical form?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "fallacies",
            "name": "Fallacies",
            "description": "Errors.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "fallacies-finding",
                "name": "Fallacies",
                "description": "Fallacies.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the argument contain a fallacy, and which one?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can it be repaired?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "formal",
        "name": "Formal",
        "description": "Formal systems.",
        "rationale": "Systems have rules.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "systems",
            "name": "Systems",
            "description": "Logics.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "systems-finding",
                "name": "Systems",
                "description": "Formal systems.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do propositional and predicate logic differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which proof system is used?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "metatheory",
            "name": "Metatheory",
            "description": "Completeness and limits.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "metatheory-finding",
                "name": "Metatheory",
                "description": "Metatheory.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do completeness and incompleteness theorems say?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Who proved them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "computing",
        "name": "Computing",
        "description": "Logic in computer science.",
        "rationale": "Logic runs computers.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "computability",
            "name": "Computability",
            "description": "What can be computed.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "computability-finding",
                "name": "Computability",
                "description": "Computability.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What does computability theory say about this problem?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it decidable?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "complexity",
            "name": "Complexity",
            "description": "Complexity classes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "complexity-finding",
                "name": "Complexity",
                "description": "Complexity.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which complexity class does this problem belong to?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is known about P versus NP?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "traditions",
        "name": "Traditions",
        "description": "History and learning.",
        "rationale": "Logic has many histories.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Traditions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "Historical traditions.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do Aristotelian, Indian and Buddhist logical traditions differ, according to scholars?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which texts are key?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "learn",
            "name": "Learn",
            "description": "Learning logic.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "learn-finding",
                "name": "Learn",
                "description": "Learning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which resources suit a beginner in logic?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which exercises help?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should branches be separate entries?",
    "How should textbooks be linked?",
    "How should historical traditions be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}