{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:31:22Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:25:30+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q8091",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.grammar",
    "name": "grammar",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.KNW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8091/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.grammar",
    "name": "grammar",
    "purpose": "Let an agent handle grammar by language, component, approach and usage, supporting learners, writers and language technology.",
    "definition": "The set of structural rules governing the composition of words, phrases and sentences in a language, including morphology and syntax, and the study or description of those rules, whether descriptive or prescriptive.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Understanding and using language correctly and clearly.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain grammar rules of a language",
      "distinguish descriptive and prescriptive views",
      "correct errors with explanations",
      "find reference grammars"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Rules of structure",
      "Language-specific",
      "Descriptive and prescriptive traditions",
      "Changes over time"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; described in grammars, textbooks and style guides.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Morphology and syntax",
      "Reference grammars and style guides",
      "Formal grammars in computing are a related sense"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "descriptive grammar",
      "prescriptive grammar",
      "historical grammar",
      "generative and cognitive approaches",
      "formal grammars (computing)"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "linguistics and convention",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "includes",
        "target": "syntax and morphology",
        "why": "parts"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is described in",
        "target": "reference grammar",
        "why": "source"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "inflection and transitivity",
        "why": "topics"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Language academies in some countries"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Presenting prescriptive preferences as universal rules",
      "Ignoring dialect variation"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Describe the grammar of a language from reference grammars and corpora, naming the variety described.",
        "Check and suggest corrections to a text when its author asks for it."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present the grammar of one prestige variety as the only correct form of a language.",
        "Judge a person's intelligence, education or worth from their grammar.",
        "Silently change the meaning of a text while correcting its grammar.",
        "Invent grammatical rules or examples for a language it has no reliable sources on."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Grading or rejecting a person's work, application or test on the basis of grammar."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Dialect and second-language grammar are often stigmatised, which feeds discrimination in schools and jobs.",
        "Grammar descriptions of endangered languages carry the authority of a community's heritage."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Speakers of non-standard varieties",
        "Language learners",
        "Speech communities"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns grammar; speech communities shape it and language academies or reference grammars describe it where they exist.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q8091: grammar",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Grammar",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "language",
        "name": "Language",
        "description": "Which grammar.",
        "rationale": "Languages differ.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "which",
            "name": "Which",
            "description": "Language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "which-finding",
                "name": "Which",
                "description": "Language.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which language and variety is meant?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which reference grammar describes it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "component",
            "name": "Component",
            "description": "Area.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "component-finding",
                "name": "Component",
                "description": "Grammar area.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about morphology, syntax or usage?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which rule applies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "approach",
        "name": "Approach",
        "description": "Descriptive or prescriptive.",
        "rationale": "Approaches differ.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "descriptive",
            "name": "Descriptive",
            "description": "Usage.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "descriptive-finding",
                "name": "Descriptive",
                "description": "Descriptive view.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do speakers actually use this construction?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does it vary by dialect?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "prescriptive",
            "name": "Prescriptive",
            "description": "Style rules.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "prescriptive-finding",
                "name": "Prescriptive",
                "description": "Prescriptive view.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do style guides or academies recommend?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it a rule or a preference?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learning",
        "name": "Learning",
        "description": "Learners.",
        "rationale": "Clear explanations help.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Rules.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Explanation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can this rule be explained with examples?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What exceptions exist?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "errors",
            "name": "Errors",
            "description": "Correction.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "errors-finding",
                "name": "Errors",
                "description": "Error correction.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this an error or an acceptable variant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should it be corrected?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "technology",
        "name": "Technology",
        "description": "Tools.",
        "rationale": "Tools check grammar.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "checkers",
            "name": "Checkers",
            "description": "Grammar tools.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "checkers-finding",
                "name": "Checkers",
                "description": "Grammar checkers.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How reliable is a grammar checker for this issue?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Should a human review it?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "formal",
            "name": "Formal",
            "description": "Computing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "formal-finding",
                "name": "Formal",
                "description": "Formal grammars.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is a formal grammar for parsing meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should grammars per language be separate entries?",
    "How should reference grammars be linked?",
    "How should formal grammars be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}