{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-06T20:39:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01411884, "turns": 1, "seconds": 156.4, "error": null }, "codex_seconds": 74.5 }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:00:41+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "4 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q8097", "registryId": "vr.tr.telugu", "name": "Telugu", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8097/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.telugu", "name": "Telugu", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Telugu language use, assess whether its interpretation is reliable, and choose appropriate transcription, translation, localisation or review actions.", "definition": "Telugu is a South-Central Dravidian language (ISO 639-3 tel) of the eastern Deccan, written in the Telugu abugida (ISO 15924 Telu), used as the majority first language and a scheduled official language of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, with a continuous record from early-medieval inscriptions through a modern standard based on coastal dialects.", "scope_statement": "Provisionally interpret vr.tr.telugu as the Telugu language and own the evidence needed to identify, interpret and process its spoken and written forms; the missing registry definition and PHY / PHY.OBJ placement leave the intended referent unresolved.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence that speech or text is Telugu, including mixed-language and romanised material", "Telugu variety, register and audience requirements relevant to interpretation", "Writing and pronunciation distinctions that affect Telugu meaning", "Telugu grammatical, lexical and contextual interpretation", "Readiness and limitations for Telugu transcription, translation and localisation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Telugu people, ethnic identity and individual speaker biographies", "The Telugu script as an independent writing system with its complete character inventory", "Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and other geographic or administrative entities", "Physical manuscripts, books, recordings and storage devices as objects", "Individual literary works, films and their intellectual property records", "Language-processing software and datasets as independently managed products" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check whether the referent is a language rather than a person, community or physical artefact; the registry name alone does not resolve this boundary.", "Use language identifiers te and tel as supporting metadata, then check the actual content rather than treating its label as conclusive. These identifiers designate Telugu in the [Library of Congress language-code listing](https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes-keyword.php?SearchTerm=te&SearchType=iso_639_1).", "Distinguish Telugu-script recognition from Telugu-language recognition: require lexical or grammatical evidence, especially for quotations, names and very short strings.", "For confusion with Kannada, inspect character identity and linguistic evidence rather than rounded glyph appearance; Unicode explicitly notes similarities in script rendering. [Unicode Telugu script description](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/core-spec/chapter-12/)", "For Latin-script material, test whether the sequence admits a supported Telugu reading and whether surrounding language confirms it; Latin letters alone neither establish nor exclude Telugu." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Referent interpretation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Telugu language; Telugu script; community reference; physical artefact reference; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a language model from silently absorbing a different thing suggested by the registry classification." }, { "name": "Language identification evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Confirmed by competent review; supported by contextual evidence; tentative; conflicting; insufficient", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an agent can proceed with Telugu processing or must seek more context." }, { "name": "Representation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Speech; Telugu-script text; scheme-based romanisation; informal romanisation; mixed representation", "why_it_matters": "Determines the appropriate recognition, segmentation and conversion operations." }, { "name": "Variety attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Relation to an evidenced regional, social or historical Telugu variety, with source and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Keeps unfamiliar but legitimate forms from being automatically corrected to another variety." }, { "name": "Register and address", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Conversational; formal written; literary; technical; mixed; unknown, with observed address conventions", "why_it_matters": "Guides wording, politeness and preservation of the speaker's intended relationship to the audience." }, { "name": "Language mixing", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links from identified spans to Telugu or another evidenced language; ambiguous spans retained", "why_it_matters": "Allows English or other embedded material to be handled without misclassifying the entire utterance." }, { "name": "Representation integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Verified; suspected OCR error; suspected encoding or shaping error; uncertain transcription; incomplete", "why_it_matters": "Separates damage introduced by processing from unusual Telugu spelling or expression." }, { "name": "Task-specific validation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Error count or rate on a named Telugu task and reference set, with segmentation method and variety coverage", "why_it_matters": "Makes readiness depend on relevant evidence rather than a generic multilingual capability claim." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify Telugu-bearing spans and retain uncertainty where script, metadata and linguistic evidence disagree.", "Transcribe Telugu speech while preserving uncertain sounds, names and language switches.", "Convert Telugu script and romanisation using a declared scheme and flag distinctions that cannot be recovered.", "Translate Telugu content while preserving negation, participant roles, address conventions and unresolved ambiguity.", "Adapt Telugu wording to an evidenced audience, variety and register.", "Diagnose Telugu text corruption and route uncertain or consequential interpretations to competent review." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Translate, transliterate and process Telugu text using the standard script encoding.", "Answer users in Telugu when they ask, and say when quality may be limited." ], "must_not": [ "Present machine translation of Telugu as certified when it has not been checked.", "Treat dialects or registers as incorrect Telugu.", "Mix up Telugu with other Dravidian languages or scripts.", "Mock speakers for their accent or variety." ], "requires_human": [ "Using automated Telugu translation for legal, medical or official documents." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Language is identity; poor tools leave speakers out of services.", "Major languages of the global south are often underserved by technology." ], "affected_parties": [ "Telugu speakers", "Translators", "Learners" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The community of its speakers; state language bodies promote its official use.", "master_systems": [ "International language code registry" ] }, "what_it_is_for": [ "Telugu is used in everyday communication, education, literature, broadcasting and public services in South India, especially Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.", "Diaspora communities also use it in family life, cultural activities and digital communication.", "Translation, transcription and language technology tasks require attention to dialect, register and the distinction between spoken language and writing system." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 639-3, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, assigns the language identifier tel to Telugu.", "ISO 15924, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, assigns the script identifier Telu to the Telugu writing system." ], "visual_identification": [ "Written Telugu commonly uses rounded letterforms with loops and curved strokes rather than a continuous horizontal headline.", "Dependent vowel signs appear around consonant letters, while additional consonant forms may occur below them.", "Telugu letterforms can resemble Kannada, so reliable identification requires checking characteristic letters or recognizable words." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing Telugu with a visually similar script can route text to the wrong recognition or translation system.", "Poor handling of vowel signs and consonant combinations can corrupt names, instructions or records.", "Dialect and register mismatches can distort meaning or make public information difficult to understand.", "Unreviewed translations in consequential settings can misrepresent obligations, warnings or consent." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "krishnamurti-2003", "title": "The Dravidian Languages - Cambridge University Press (Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, 2003)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Genetic classification as South-Central Dravidian, historical stages, phonology, morphology, and the literary/spoken split." }, { "id": "census-india-2011-language", "title": "Census of India 2011, Language (Paper 1 of 2018) - Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "First-language speaker count in India and rank among Indian languages." }, { "id": "iso-639-3-tel", "title": "ISO 639-3 code tel (Telugu) - SIL International", "url": "https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tel", "what_it_supports": "Stable language identifier te/tel and distinction from related Dravidian codes.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "unicode-telugu-block", "title": "Unicode Telugu chart (U+0C00-U+0C7F) - Unicode Consortium", "url": "https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Script identity, block range, and encoded character inventory.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "india-eighth-schedule", "title": "Constitution of India, Eighth Schedule - Government of India", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Scheduled-language status of Telugu in the Union." }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q8097: Telugu", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8097", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Telugu language", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "telugu-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Telugu identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what Telugu denotes in this entry and what supports an identification of Telugu usage.", "rationale": "The registry supplies neither a definition nor a classification that clearly identifies a language.", "layers": [ { "id": "registry-referent", "name": "Registry referent", "description": "Separate the intended registered thing from its script, speakers and physical manifestations.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-telugu-referent", "name": "Intended Telugu referent", "description": "Record the evidence for interpreting this entry as a language and preserve the unresolved classification conflict.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the originating registry record mean the Telugu language, a Telugu person, the script or another referent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-telugu-referent-q01" }, { "text": "Does an existing world model already own that same concept and therefore require this entry to link to it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intended-telugu-referent-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "language-recognition", "name": "Language recognition", "description": "Evaluate Telugu identity at the level of the actual speech or text.", "findings": [ { "id": "telugu-identification-basis", "name": "Telugu identification basis", "description": "Record linguistic evidence separately from language tags, script detection and source labels.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which words, constructions or contextual evidence support Telugu rather than Kannada, another language or an isolated proper name?", "kind": "definition", "id": "telugu-identification-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What additional context or competent review would resolve a short, romanised or conflicting sample?", "kind": "action", "id": "telugu-identification-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "telugu-variety-and-social-use", "name": "Telugu variety and social use", "description": "Capture the variety and communicative setting needed to interpret or produce suitable Telugu.", "rationale": "A single assumed Telugu norm can erase meaningful variation or produce inappropriate forms of address.", "layers": [ { "id": "variety-evidence", "name": "Variety evidence", "description": "Attribute regional, social or historical usage only as far as the evidence supports.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-variety-attribution", "name": "Supported variety attribution", "description": "Record the provenance of a Telugu variety label and the observed forms supporting it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source or speaker description supports the proposed Telugu variety, and which features occur in the sample?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-variety-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Could the apparent regional difference instead reflect register, personal usage, historical spelling or transcription error?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-variety-attribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "register-and-audience", "name": "Register and audience", "description": "Connect Telugu expression choices to the intended audience and relationship between participants.", "findings": [ { "id": "address-and-style-fit", "name": "Address and style fit", "description": "Record conversational, formal or literary expectations and the address choices that must be preserved.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Telugu pronouns, titles and verb forms signal the intended familiarity, respect or number of addressees?", "kind": "definition", "id": "address-and-style-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Should the agent preserve the original register or adapt it to a specified audience, and who establishes that target?", "kind": "action", "id": "address-and-style-fit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "telugu-writing-and-speech", "name": "Telugu writing and speech", "description": "Preserve distinctions when Telugu moves between speech, script and romanisation.", "rationale": "An agent needs to distinguish Telugu content from errors caused by recognition, rendering or conversion.", "layers": [ { "id": "script-and-text-integrity", "name": "Script and text integrity", "description": "Assess whether the written representation preserves the intended Telugu sequence.", "findings": [ { "id": "telugu-character-sequence-integrity", "name": "Telugu character sequence integrity", "description": "Check vowel signs, virama and consonant combinations when diagnosing text corruption; Telugu rendering requires interpretation of character sequences. [Unicode Telugu script description](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/core-spec/chapter-12/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the underlying Telugu character sequence support the displayed reading, or has OCR, encoding or font shaping altered it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "telugu-character-sequence-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "Which repairs can be supported by the original image or source text while retaining the unrepaired original?", "kind": "action", "id": "telugu-character-sequence-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sound-and-romanisation", "name": "Sound and romanisation", "description": "Identify what a speech transcription or Latin-script representation preserves and loses.", "findings": [ { "id": "recoverable-telugu-distinctions", "name": "Recoverable Telugu distinctions", "description": "Record the transcription convention and unresolved sound-to-letter alternatives; a published reference option is the [ALA-LC Telugu romanisation table](https://loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/telugu.pdf).", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the Latin text governed by a named Telugu romanisation scheme or by informal spelling, and which distinctions does it leave ambiguous?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "recoverable-telugu-distinctions-q01" }, { "text": "Which uncertain vowels or consonants require audio, context or speaker confirmation before converting the sample to Telugu script?", "kind": "action", "id": "recoverable-telugu-distinctions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "telugu-meaning-and-language-mixing", "name": "Telugu meaning and language mixing", "description": "Resolve the grammatical and lexical evidence required to interpret Telugu utterances.", "rationale": "Recognition of Telugu words alone does not establish participant roles, intended action or the treatment of embedded languages.", "layers": [ { "id": "grammatical-interpretation", "name": "Grammatical interpretation", "description": "Make consequential interpretations traceable to Telugu forms and their context.", "findings": [ { "id": "participants-and-predicate-meaning", "name": "Participants and predicate meaning", "description": "Record how word forms, suffixes and context support participant roles, negation and the interpretation of the predicate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Telugu forms establish who acts, who is affected and whether the statement is negated, questioned or requested?", "kind": "definition", "id": "participants-and-predicate-meaning-q01" }, { "text": "Which omitted participants or ambiguous forms require surrounding discourse before the agent can act on the utterance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "participants-and-predicate-meaning-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lexical-and-mixed-language-reading", "name": "Lexical and mixed-language reading", "description": "Interpret Telugu vocabulary alongside names, borrowed terms and language switches.", "findings": [ { "id": "telugu-span-and-term-treatment", "name": "Telugu span and term treatment", "description": "Record supported meanings and language boundaries without assuming every unfamiliar expression is foreign or erroneous.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the disputed expression Telugu vocabulary, a proper name, a borrowed term or a switch into another language, and what evidence supports that reading?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "telugu-span-and-term-treatment-q01" }, { "text": "Should each name or technical term be retained, transliterated or translated for the specified Telugu audience?", "kind": "action", "id": "telugu-span-and-term-treatment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "telugu-task-readiness", "name": "Telugu task readiness", "description": "Determine which language operations are supported by the available evidence and validation.", "rationale": "Success on one Telugu representation or variety does not establish reliable performance on another.", "layers": [ { "id": "operation-selection", "name": "Operation selection", "description": "Match the requested transformation to the Telugu material and its unresolved distinctions.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-transformation", "name": "Supported transformation", "description": "Record whether transcription, transliteration, translation or register adaptation can meet the requested fidelity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Telugu operation is requested, and must it preserve wording, pronunciation, meaning, address conventions or literary form?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-transformation-q01" }, { "text": "Which ambiguities in the source prevent a unique output and must be retained as alternatives?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-transformation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "validation-and-review", "name": "Validation and review", "description": "Assess output quality against relevant Telugu examples and competent judgments.", "findings": [ { "id": "telugu-output-acceptability", "name": "Telugu output acceptability", "description": "Record task-specific errors, variety coverage and review findings before treating an output as ready for use.", "questions": [ { "text": "On representative Telugu samples, how often does the process alter names, negation, participant roles, address conventions or recoverable character distinctions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "telugu-output-acceptability-q01" }, { "text": "Which unresolved errors require a reviewer competent in the relevant Telugu variety and subject before the result is used?", "kind": "action", "id": "telugu-output-acceptability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Standard / school-and-media Telugu (coastal Andhra prestige variety)", "Coastal Andhra (Krishna-Godavari) dialects", "Rayalaseema dialects", "Telangana dialects", "Uttarandhra / Northern Circars dialects", "Granthika (classical-literary written register)", "Vyavaharika (modern spoken and informal written register)", "Historical Telugu (Old and Middle Telugu of inscriptions and pre-modern literature)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q8097", "note": "Telugu language (not the ethnonym)." }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "te", "note": "Two-letter language code." }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-2 / ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "tel", "note": "Three-letter bibliographic and individual-language code." }, { "scheme": "BCP 47", "value_or_pattern": "te", "note": "Language subtag; region variants such as te-IN." }, { "scheme": "ISO 15924", "value_or_pattern": "Telu (340)", "note": "Telugu script, distinct from the language code." }, { "scheme": "Glottolog", "value_or_pattern": "telu1262", "note": "Languoid identifier for Telugu." }, { "scheme": "Unicode", "value_or_pattern": "U+0C00-U+0C7F", "note": "Telugu block; script property Telugu." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 639-1/2/3 language codes te / tel - ISO and SIL International (ISO 639-3 registration authority)", "ISO 15924 script code Telu (340) - ISO", "The Unicode Standard, Telugu block U+0C00-U+0C7F - Unicode Consortium", "IS 13194:1991 Indian Script Code for Information Interchange (ISCII) - Bureau of Indian Standards", "Constitution of India, Eighth Schedule (Telugu as a scheduled language) - Government of India", "Declaration of Telugu as a classical language of India (2008) - Government of India", "Andhra Pradesh Official Language Act, 1966 - Government of Andhra Pradesh", "State official-language policy of Telangana (Telugu, with Urdu as an additional official language) - Government of Telangana" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Official language of administration, courts at the state level, and public education in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and in the Puducherry enclave of Yanam.", "Home language and interethnic lingua franca across coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema, and Telangana, including large urban centres such as Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, and Tirupati.", "Medium of a major film, television, newspaper, and web industry (often called Tollywood for cinema).", "Liturgical, commentarial, and literary language in Vaishnava, Shaiva, and court traditions from the Kakatiya and Vijayanagara periods onward.", "Software, mobile, and government localization locale (te / te-IN), including Unicode text entry, fonts, and CLDR locale data.", "Heritage and community language among diaspora populations in the United States, the Gulf, Singapore, Malaysia, Fiji, Mauritius, and South Africa." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "First-language speakers (India, 2011 census; later global estimates)", "typical_range": "81-96 million", "unit": "speakers" }, { "quantity": "Share of India's population reporting Telugu as mother tongue (2011)", "typical_range": "about 6.7", "unit": "percent" }, { "quantity": "Traditional orthographic inventory (aksharamala)", "typical_range": "16 vowels + 36 consonants", "unit": "letters" }, { "quantity": "Unicode Telugu block size", "typical_range": "128", "unit": "code points" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Diglossia between granthika (literary) and vyavaharika (spoken) forms, which can impede school literacy when teaching materials stay close to the classical register.", "Text encoding and font-shaping failures (legacy ISCII, unshaped conjuncts, dotted-circle virama display) that corrupt names, records, and search.", "Stigmatization of Telangana and some Rayalaseema speech in older broadcast and film standards, producing social exclusion rather than mutual-unintelligibility.", "Language shift toward English in urban professional and diaspora settings, with attrition of literacy in Telugu script.", "OCR and NLP confusion with visually similar Kannada-script glyphs.", "Political instrumentalization of dialect and state identity after the Andhra Pradesh-Telangana bifurcation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Telangana speech carries a heavier Dakhni Urdu/Persian loan stratum and some distinct verb and pronoun forms relative to coastal Andhra.", "Coastal Andhra (especially Krishna-Godavari) supplies the prestige standard for education, news, and cinema.", "Rayalaseema varieties show Kannada contact effects and are often treated as a third major regional grouping.", "Uttarandhra / Northern Circars speech shows Odia and, locally, tribal-language contact.", "Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha, and Yanam communities maintain Telugu with local bilingualism; diaspora varieties add English and host-language mixing." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Kannada", "difference": "Related but not mutually intelligible Dravidian language (ISO 639-3 kan; script Knda). Test: basic lexicon and verb morphology (e.g. Telugu illu 'house' vs Kannada mane) and ISO/script codes; the two scripts share a medieval ancestor and look similar but encode different languages." }, { "name": "Tamil", "difference": "Southern Dravidian neighbour (ISO 639-3 tam), not mutually intelligible, written in Tamil script. Test: language code, script, and core pronouns/lexicon (Telugu nēnu 'I' vs Tamil nāṉ)." }, { "name": "Gondi and other South-Central Dravidian languages", "difference": "Genetically closer than Tamil or Kannada, but separate languages without the Telugu literary standard. Test: ISO 639-3 (e.g. gon and related codes) and absence of Telugu-script literacy as the community norm." }, { "name": "Odia", "difference": "Indo-Aryan neighbour in northern coastal Andhra, not Dravidian. Test: language family and ISO 639-3 ori/or." }, { "name": "Telugu people (ethnonym)", "difference": "An ethnic/regional identity, not the language. Test: a person may identify as Telugu by ancestry while reporting another mother tongue, or speak Telugu as L1 without that ethnic label; Wikidata Q8097 is the language." }, { "name": "Telugu script", "difference": "The writing system (ISO 15924 Telu), which can in principle record other languages. Test: script code Telu vs language code tel; spoken Telugu exists independently of literacy in the script." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.telugu intentionally denote the Telugu language, and what explains its PHY / PHY.OBJ classification?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover the intended concept and require a registry link instead of a separate publication?", "Which regional, social and historical Telugu varieties must the first researched model cover, and which sources establish their boundaries?", "Which authorities and audience-specific conventions should govern Telugu spelling, romanisation, terminology and register adaptation?", "What representative Telugu evaluation material and acceptance criteria are available for speech, script, informal romanisation and mixed-language processing?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }