{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:15:23Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:23:25+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q8162",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.linguistics",
    "name": "linguistics",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.KNW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8162/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.linguistics",
    "name": "linguistics",
    "purpose": "Let an agent treat linguistics as a discipline with fields and methods, distinct from the languages it studies and from language teaching.",
    "definition": "The scientific study of language: its structure (sounds, words, sentences, meaning), use, variation, history and acquisition.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Understanding how languages work, change and are learned, and supporting language technology, education and documentation.",
    "affordances": [
      "study and research it",
      "document languages",
      "apply it, in language technology, forensics and teaching",
      "teach it"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Studies language scientifically, not prescriptively",
      "Fields range from phonetics to pragmatics",
      "Descriptive rather than normative",
      "Distinct from learning particular languages"
    ],
    "appearance": "Grammars, dictionaries, corpora, transcriptions and papers; no single appearance.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Phonetic transcriptions, glosses and syntax trees",
      "Academic departments and journals",
      "Discourse analysis and related applied fields"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "phonetics and phonology",
      "morphology and syntax",
      "semantics and pragmatics",
      "sociolinguistics and discourse analysis",
      "historical linguistics",
      "psycholinguistics",
      "computational linguistics"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "studies",
        "target": "language",
        "why": "its subject"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "science",
        "why": "discipline"
      },
      {
        "relation": "underpins",
        "target": "language technology",
        "why": "applications"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "language teaching",
        "why": "a practical field"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "field classification",
        "value_or_pattern": "OECD FORD 6.2 Languages and literature",
        "note": "research classification"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "International Phonetic Alphabet",
      "Leipzig Glossing Rules",
      "Research ethics for work with language communities"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Prescriptive claims presented as linguistic facts",
      "Extraction of community language data without consent",
      "Pseudo-scientific indices presented as established methods"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain linguistic findings, citing published research.",
        "Distinguish descriptive facts from prescriptive rules."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present prescriptive preferences as linguistic facts.",
        "Collect language data from communities without consent.",
        "Present pseudo-scientific indices as established methods.",
        "Rank languages or dialects as superior or inferior."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing community language data."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Language attitudes can stigmatise speakers.",
        "Endangered language communities deserve control over their data."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Speakers",
        "Language communities"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the discipline; it is held in common.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q8162: linguistics",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Linguistics",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "fields",
        "name": "Fields",
        "description": "Branches of linguistics.",
        "rationale": "Fields locate a question.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "branch",
            "name": "Branch",
            "description": "Sub-discipline.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "branch-finding",
                "name": "Branch",
                "description": "The relevant branch.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which branch of linguistics does this question belong to?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which neighbouring fields are relevant?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "theory",
            "name": "Theory",
            "description": "Frameworks.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "theory-finding",
                "name": "Framework",
                "description": "Theoretical frameworks.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which theoretical framework is assumed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are there competing analyses?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "methods",
        "name": "Methods",
        "description": "How language is studied.",
        "rationale": "Methods decide evidence quality.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "data",
            "name": "Data",
            "description": "Corpora, fieldwork, experiments.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "data-finding",
                "name": "Data",
                "description": "Data sources.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What data supports the claim?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How representative is it?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "analysis",
            "name": "Analysis",
            "description": "Transcription and glossing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "analysis-finding",
                "name": "Analysis",
                "description": "Analysis conventions.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which transcription and glossing conventions are used?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How reliable is the annotation?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "applications",
        "name": "Applications",
        "description": "Using linguistics.",
        "rationale": "Applications carry their own standards.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "technology",
            "name": "Language technology",
            "description": "NLP and speech.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "technology-finding",
                "name": "Technology",
                "description": "Technology uses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is linguistic knowledge used in this technology?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which languages are under-served?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "forensic",
            "name": "Forensic and education",
            "description": "Applied fields.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "forensic-finding",
                "name": "Applied use",
                "description": "Applied uses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is forensic linguistic evidence reliable here?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it inform teaching?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "ethics",
        "name": "Ethics",
        "description": "Working with communities.",
        "rationale": "Language data belongs to communities too.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "consent",
            "name": "Consent",
            "description": "Community consent.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "consent-finding",
                "name": "Consent",
                "description": "Consent for data.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Did speakers and communities consent to this data use?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Who controls access?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "claims",
            "name": "Claims",
            "description": "Descriptive vs prescriptive.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "claims-finding",
                "name": "Claim type",
                "description": "Type of claim.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this a descriptive finding or a prescriptive norm?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should it be presented?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should fields of linguistics be separate entries?",
    "How should agents distinguish descriptive and prescriptive claims?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming unestablished indices; should they be removed?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}