{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:57:40Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01052878, "turns": 1, "seconds": 183.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 95.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bb6-3991-7e11-8863-b4edcc9142de\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Acacia\nRegistry id: vr.tr.acacia\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy mod" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:01:09+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "visual_identification" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-07T11:39:57+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "definition" ], "answering_review": "8323b59a86ad4d9e54973197dcbfe031bbfe0487b0c124c3165f1f190e66877c" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:34+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q81666", "registryId": "vr.tr.acacia", "name": "Acacia", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q81666/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.acacia", "name": "Acacia", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a putative Acacia plant, assess its condition and ecological context, and choose justified identification, cultivation, conservation or control actions.", "definition": "A conserved genus of mimosoid legumes (Fabaceae) that, after the 2005 ICN type conservation on an Australian species, comprises mainly the wattles of Australia, with native species also in Asia and the Pacific (woody plants, most with phyllodes and globose or spicate inflorescences), while many African, American and Asian plants still widely called acacias are treated in Vachellia, Senegalia and related segregate genera.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, observable traits, life stage, condition, establishment and action constraints of living plants assigned to vr.tr.acacia; pending clarification of the undefined registry entry, Acacia is provisionally interpreted as the botanical genus, with historical and common-name identifications retained as unresolved evidence.", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic identification, including the authority and evidence behind an Acacia name", "Foliage, flowers, pods, seeds and growth form needed to distinguish candidate species", "Individual life stage, reproductive state and signs of decline or damage", "Site conditions, planting provenance and observed establishment", "Species-specific propagation, care, conservation and spread-management decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Independent models of neighbouring genera or plants merely sold under an acacia common name", "Processed acacia timber, gum, extracts, foods and other harvested products", "Whole woodland, savanna or plantation ecosystem management", "Independent descriptions of associated insects, pathogens and soil microorganisms", "Land ownership, permits and regional legislation except as linked constraints on plant actions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Inspect both juvenile and mature shoots for bipinnate leaves, phyllodes or reduced foliage; a phyllode alone is insufficient for identification because foliage varies within Acacia. [Australian National Botanic Gardens](https://www.anbg.gov.au/acacia/introduction.html)", "Use a regional botanical key to compare foliage venation, glands, hairs, stipules and any armature with candidate taxa; reject identification based solely on a thorny habit or fern-like foliage.", "Examine flower organisation, flower details and mature pods together to separate candidate Acacia from superficially similar plants; record unavailable reproductive characters rather than treating them as absent.", "Resolve the full scientific name against a stated taxonomic authority, explicitly checking historical Acacia names that may now map to Vachellia or Senegalia. [Kew Medicinal Plant Names Services](https://mpns.science.kew.org/mpns-portal/backToSearch?filter=&fuzzy=true&nameType=all&query=chioe)", "For material labelled only acacia, wattle or mimosa, require a scientific determination or diagnostic specimen before accepting genus membership; retain competing identifications, including Robinia, where relevant." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic determination", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Candidate taxon, accepted name, authority and version, identifier, determination date and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Care, ecological status and permitted uses cannot safely be transferred between plants sharing an informal name." }, { "name": "Foliage configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Bipinnate leaves; phyllodes; mixed developmental foliage; reduced or absent foliage; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification while preventing juvenile and adult foliage from being mistaken for different taxa." }, { "name": "Diagnostic foliage dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Leaf or phyllode length and width in mm; pinna and leaflet counts where applicable; shoot stage and sampling method", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison with identification keys without confusing unlike organs or developmental stages." }, { "name": "Flower and fruit configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed inflorescence form and colour; pod form; seed arrangement and attachment structures; unavailable", "why_it_matters": "Adds reproductive evidence when vegetative identification remains ambiguous." }, { "name": "Armature", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed structure, position and dimensions; absent on examined organs; unexamined", "why_it_matters": "Contributes to identification and determines handling precautions without assuming all acacias are thorny." }, { "name": "Plant stature", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Height and crown spread in m; stem diameter in cm at a recorded position; stem count", "why_it_matters": "Supports growth tracking, planting-space assessment and structural inspection." }, { "name": "Developmental and reproductive state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Seedling, juvenile, mature or undetermined; vegetative, budding, flowering, pod-bearing or seed-releasing; observation date", "why_it_matters": "Determines suitable identification windows and the timing of propagation or spread-management actions." }, { "name": "Crown and stem condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed foliage loss, discoloration, dieback, wounds and stem defects, with extent and trend", "why_it_matters": "Separates observable deterioration from an unconfirmed diagnosis." }, { "name": "Establishment provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Wild origin, planted accession, seed lot or nursery source; locality; date; uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports conservation suitability, identification and interpretation of unexpected recruits." }, { "name": "Root-zone conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Soil pH; moisture with stated method and units; inundation duration in days; measurement depth and date", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence for species-specific site suitability and stress assessment." }, { "name": "Observed recruitment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Seedling and resprout counts per surveyed m²; distance from planted boundary in m; survey date", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes intended establishment from observed spread and supports follow-up monitoring." }, { "name": "Local ecological and management status", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Taxon-locality assessment of native, introduced, naturalised, invasive, protected or unresolved status, with source and date", "why_it_matters": "The same planting or removal action may have different consequences and constraints in different places." } ], "affordances": [ "Document diagnostic organs and seek a supported species determination.", "Compare repeated observations to detect growth, flowering, decline or recovery.", "Assess a proposed planting site against evidence for the identified species and provenance.", "Plan seed collection or propagation using verified species-specific requirements and permissions.", "Select justified care or inspection actions and monitor the plant's response.", "Assess whether to retain, protect, contain or remove the plant using local status, observed spread and applicable authority." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify acacias and wattles to species, stating which classification is used.", "Report invasive status and control programmes from official sources." ], "must_not": [ "Plant species known to be invasive where they are banned or likely to spread.", "Confuse the conserved Australian genus with the African and American species now in other genera.", "Fell or clear protected acacia woodland without permits." ], "requires_human": [ "Approving removal of acacias in a control programme.", "Introducing a species to a new region." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Wattles are valued at home but invasive abroad, harming water and native plants.", "Many species have cultural meaning for Aboriginal peoples." ], "affected_parties": [ "Ecosystems invaded by wattles", "Communities relying on them for wood or food", "Aboriginal peoples" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Landowners for the plants on their land; biodiversity authorities regulate invasive species.", "master_systems": [ "Plant name and biodiversity databases" ] }, "visual_identification": [ "Flattened leaf-like phyllodes or feathery bipinnate leaves.", "Fluffy round or cylindrical yellow flower heads.", "Bean-like seed pods." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Invasion of native ecosystems and loss of water in catchments.", "Increased fire intensity in invaded areas." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Acacia is encountered in botanical identification, vegetation surveys and the management of native or introduced woody plants.", "Members of the genus are used in horticulture, restoration and forestry, with suitability depending on the species and location.", "Distinguishing Acacia from other genera commonly called acacias supports accurate ecological records and management decisions." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, adopted by the International Botanical Congress, governs the naming and typification of Acacia and its species." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-acacia", "title": "Acacia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia", "what_it_supports": "Current circumscription of the genus after the type conservation, the split into Vachellia and Senegalia, and the common-name overlap with Robinia.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "orchard-maslin-2003", "title": "Proposal to conserve the name Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) with a conserved type", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The nomenclatural decision that fixed Acacia on an Australian type (Acacia penninervis), which is why the living name no longer matches older tropical floras." }, { "id": "powo-acacia", "title": "Acacia Mill.", "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/", "what_it_supports": "Accepted botanical placement in Fabaceae, author citation Miller 1754, and the Kew treatment of the genus after the split.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "jeca-gum-arabic", "title": "Gum arabic (Acacia gum)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The food-additive identity of the exudate (INS 414 / E414) obtained from Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal, still traded as acacia gum." }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q81666: Acacia", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81666", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "acacia-identity", "name": "Acacia identity", "description": "Establish what the Acacia label denotes and how strongly this plant supports that determination.", "rationale": "An undefined registry name and historical botanical names can otherwise attach the wrong species knowledge to a plant.", "layers": [ { "id": "name-and-circumscription", "name": "Name and circumscription", "description": "Connect the recorded label to an explicit taxonomic concept.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-name-assignment", "name": "Supported name assignment", "description": "Record the original label, proposed accepted name and evidence for including the plant in this entry.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic authority and version define Acacia for this determination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-name-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Does the supplied name resolve to Acacia, a historical combination in another genus, or an unresolved common name?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-name-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic evidence", "description": "Test candidate identifications against vegetative and reproductive observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "character-combination", "name": "Character combination", "description": "Preserve the observed character combination, key used and missing evidence rather than relying on one familiar trait.", "questions": [ { "text": "What foliage, gland, stipule, armature, flower and pod characters were observed, and on which developmental stages?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "character-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Which regional key or expert determination separates the leading candidate from similar Acacia species and neighbouring genera?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "character-combination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Track developmental foliage, growth and reproductive timing.", "rationale": "Foliage changes and intermittent reproductive evidence affect recognition and the timing of interventions.", "layers": [ { "id": "developmental-form", "name": "Developmental form", "description": "Interpret the plant's structure in relation to species and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "foliage-and-growth-transition", "name": "Foliage and growth transition", "description": "Record juvenile and mature shoot differences alongside changes in stature and branching.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are bipinnate leaves and phyllodes associated with different shoot ages or positions on this plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "foliage-and-growth-transition-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports its assigned life stage and distinguishes expected development from abnormal growth?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "foliage-and-growth-transition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-fruiting-and-seed", "name": "Flowering, fruiting and seed", "description": "Record reproductive progress and evidence relevant to seed collection or dispersal.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-window", "name": "Reproductive window", "description": "Establish observed flowering, pod maturity and seed-release timing for this plant and locality.", "questions": [ { "text": "When were flowers, developing pods, mature seeds and seed release observed, and how abundant were they?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-window-q01" }, { "text": "What species-specific evidence identifies an appropriate collection or containment window?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-window-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "site-and-establishment", "name": "Site and establishment", "description": "Relate the identified Acacia to its origin, growing site and establishment history.", "rationale": "Genus-level assumptions about climate, soil or drought tolerance are insufficient for planting decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-site-fit", "name": "Origin and site fit", "description": "Connect provenance and species requirements to measured conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "provenance-conditioned-suitability", "name": "Provenance-conditioned suitability", "description": "Record origin and assess site suitability using evidence applicable to the determined taxon.", "questions": [ { "text": "What collection locality, nursery accession or planting record establishes this plant's provenance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "provenance-conditioned-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "How do observed drainage, soil conditions, light and temperature exposure compare with documented requirements for this species?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "provenance-conditioned-suitability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "propagation-and-root-establishment", "name": "Propagation and root establishment", "description": "Capture evidence governing seed treatment, transplant establishment and root associations.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-establishment-method", "name": "Supported establishment method", "description": "Require species-appropriate evidence for propagation and root-zone interventions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What tested protocol, if any, supports dormancy treatment and germination for this identified seed lot?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-establishment-method-q01" }, { "text": "What root or nodulation observations support establishment decisions, and what remains unverified about functional symbiosis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-establishment-method-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-intervention", "name": "Condition and intervention", "description": "Distinguish normal species-specific appearance from damage or decline and connect evidence to care.", "rationale": "Foliage form, seasonal behaviour and responses to cutting must be interpreted for the particular Acacia.", "layers": [ { "id": "decline-and-damage", "name": "Decline and damage", "description": "Record symptom distribution, environmental exposure and diagnostic uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-based-condition", "name": "Evidence-based condition", "description": "Assess changes in foliage, crown and stems without inferring a pest or disease from nonspecific symptoms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves or phyllodes, shoot ages and crown regions show discoloration, loss or dieback, and how has this changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-based-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes expected seasonal or developmental change from water stress, root injury or a biotic cause?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-based-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "care-and-cutting-response", "name": "Care and cutting response", "description": "Evaluate practical interventions against species response and the individual plant's structure.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-care-action", "name": "Justified care action", "description": "Specify an intervention, its supporting evidence and the observations needed to judge its outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports watering, root-zone changes, pruning or specialist inspection for this plant's observed condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-care-action-q01" }, { "text": "What is known about this species' response to the proposed cutting, and which recovery or deterioration signs will trigger reassessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-care-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ecological-status-and-management", "name": "Ecological status and management", "description": "Determine the plant's local ecological role, recruitment behaviour and management constraints.", "rationale": "An Acacia may warrant protection, cultivation or control depending on its identity, locality and observed behaviour.", "layers": [ { "id": "local-status-and-recruitment", "name": "Local status and recruitment", "description": "Separate documented regional status from direct evidence of reproduction and spread.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-spread-evidence", "name": "Status and spread evidence", "description": "Record local status, nearby recruits and uncertainty about seed-bank persistence or vegetative regeneration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current local source establishes whether the identified taxon is native, introduced, protected or subject to control?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "status-and-spread-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What seedlings or resprouts occur beyond the intended planting area, and what observations distinguish their origin?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "status-and-spread-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-use-and-control", "name": "Retention, use and control", "description": "Connect proposed actions to purpose, authority and species-specific consequences.", "findings": [ { "id": "permissible-management-path", "name": "Permissible management path", "description": "Establish conditions for retaining, collecting from, moving or removing the plant and for monitoring subsequent recruitment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identity, ownership, conservation and local management checks must be satisfied before collection, movement or removal?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permissible-management-path-q01" }, { "text": "What species- and site-specific evidence determines the intervention method and follow-up needed for resprouting or later seedling emergence?", "kind": "action", "id": "permissible-management-path-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Phyllode wattles (Acacia in the strict sense; the bulk of Australian species)", "Bipinnate wattles still in Acacia s.s. (e.g. silver wattle, black wattle)", "African umbrella and camel-thorn trees (now mostly Vachellia)", "Hook-thorn acacias (Senegalia)", "Gum-arabic trees (Senegalia senegal, Vachellia seyal)", "Industrial plantation acacias (Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformis and their hybrids)", "Neotropical swollen-thorn ant-acacias (Vachellia cornigera and allies)", "Ornamental and cut-flower 'mimosa' wattles (especially Acacia dealbata)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q81666", "note": "Item for the plant genus Acacia." }, { "scheme": "Botanical name (ICN)", "value_or_pattern": "Acacia Mill.", "note": "Genus published by Philip Miller, 1754; name conserved with type Acacia penninervis." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "34348", "note": "Taxon identifier for the genus Acacia; species moved to Vachellia and Senegalia have separate taxon IDs." }, { "scheme": "INS / E-number", "value_or_pattern": "414 / E414", "note": "Names the dried exudate (gum arabic / acacia gum), not the living plant." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (IAPT): conservation of Acacia with an Australian type, adopted at the Vienna IBC (2005) and printed in the Vienna Code.", "Codex Alimentarius / JECFA (FAO/WHO): identity and purity of gum arabic (Acacia gum), INS 414.", "European Union: food-additive specification E414 (Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012); Acacia saligna listed as an invasive alien species of Union concern (Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 and subsequent listings).", "National weed and biosecurity lists (Australia, South Africa, and others) treating particular species such as Vachellia nilotica, Acacia mearnsii, A. dealbata and A. mangium as declared weeds or controlled forestry trees." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Australian native vegetation, restoration planting and the national floral emblem (golden wattle, Acacia pycnantha).", "Short-rotation pulp and timber plantations in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, especially Acacia mangium and A. mangium × auriculiformis hybrids.", "Bark tannin industry based on black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in South Africa and other warm-temperate regions.", "Sahelian gum-arabic tapping and export from Senegalia senegal (hashab) and Vachellia seyal (talha) for food, pharmaceuticals and printing.", "Mediterranean cut-flower and street-tree trade in silver wattle, sold as mimosa.", "Fodder, shade, fuelwood and nitrogen-fixing agroforestry on drylands, including African thorn-tree rangelands.", "Perfumery (cassie from Vachellia farnesiana) and traditional medicines using bark, gum or leaves of local species." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature stature", "typical_range": "0.2-35", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Wood basic density (commercial plantation species)", "typical_range": "500-800", "unit": "kg/m³" }, { "quantity": "Bark tannin content (Acacia mearnsii, dry bark)", "typical_range": "30-40", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Gum-arabic yield under tapping", "typical_range": "0.1-1", "unit": "kg/tree/season" }, { "quantity": "Pulp-plantation rotation (Acacia mangium in SE Asia)", "typical_range": "5-8", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "Seed mass (many wattles)", "typical_range": "5-50", "unit": "mg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Biological invasion: several wattles (A. mearnsii, A. dealbata, A. saligna, A. mangium) form dense stands outside their native range, altering fire regimes, hydrology and native vegetation.", "Occupational and food allergy to gum arabic (asthma, rhinitis) and strong pollen allergenicity of flowering wattles sold as mimosa.", "Mechanical injury from stipular spines or internodal prickles on African and American 'acacias'.", "Toxicity of some species (cyanogenic glycosides or other secondary metabolites) to livestock when browse is limited.", "Plantation disease and pest collapse, notably wattle rust (Uromycladium) and root pathogens in Acacia mangium estates.", "Nomenclatural mismatch: management, trade and weed lists written for 'Acacia' may point at the wrong genus after the split, so the wrong species is controlled or planted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Australia: everyday name is wattle; scientific Acacia is the native phyllode genus and a national emblem.", "Africa: everyday name acacia is still applied to Vachellia and Senegalia thorn trees; many African botanists opposed the 2005 type conservation.", "Europe and the Mediterranean: mimosa usually means Acacia dealbata; acacia wood, acacia honey and 'false acacia' usually mean Robinia pseudoacacia.", "Sahel and gum trade: hashab versus talha gums are distinguished commercially even though both are sold as gum arabic.", "Southeast Asia: 'acacia' in forestry almost always means A. mangium or the hybrid, not African thorn trees." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Vachellia", "difference": "Paired stipular spines (often white) and bipinnate leaves; former African and American 'true acacias'. Acacia s.s. typically has phyllodes and lacks those paired stipular spines." }, { "name": "Senegalia", "difference": "Scattered internodal prickles rather than paired stipular spines; bipinnate leaves, often spicate inflorescences; includes the main gum-arabic tree S. senegal." }, { "name": "Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust / false acacia)", "difference": "Papilionoid pea-flowers in hanging racemes, not mimosoid powder-puff heads; odd-pinnate leaves; native to eastern North America and the usual 'acacia' of European timber and honey." }, { "name": "Albizia", "difference": "Similar mimosoid flower heads but usually much longer stamens and different pods; trees lack the phyllodes of typical wattles." }, { "name": "Mimosa", "difference": "Often herbs or scramblers with sensitive leaflets and craspedium or jointed pods; not the woody wattles, despite the florist's name 'mimosa' for Acacia dealbata." }, { "name": "Leucaena leucocephala", "difference": "Globose mimosoid heads and bipinnate leaves, but long flat pods and no phyllodes; a common dry-tropics agroforestry tree confused with weedy acacias." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Acacia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.acacia denote Acacia under a particular botanical circumscription, a historical broader grouping, or a vernacular category?", "Which regional floras and taxonomic authorities should govern identification and resolution of historical names?", "Which species and provenances require distinct extensions for site tolerance, propagation, nodulation and responses to damage or cutting?", "What evidence establishes local reproductive timing, seed-bank persistence and recruitment after disturbance for each modelled species?", "Which species-, plant-part- and locality-specific constraints must be established before agents may recommend collection, use, planting or removal?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }