{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T20:08:43Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:37:29+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q82772",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.kanji",
    "name": "kanji",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q82772/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.kanji",
    "name": "kanji",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain kanji, relay history, readings, standard lists and learning approaches from linguistics and Japanese government sources, describe the named forms and lists, and distinguish kanji from hanzi in Chinese, hanja in Korean, kana and romaji.",
    "definition": "The logographic Chinese characters used in the Japanese writing system alongside the hiragana and katakana syllabaries, adopted from about the 5th century, read with Chinese-derived on readings and native kun readings, with historical and standardised forms the registry aliases name, including manyogana, kanji used phonetically in early texts such as the Manyoshu, the kyujitai traditional forms, the shinjitai simplified forms adopted after 1946, the Toyo kanji list of 1850 characters of 1946, extended characters beyond official lists, and kuzushiji cursive simplified forms; the Joyo kanji list of 2010 contains 2136 characters.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Writing Japanese.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the script",
      "relay history and readings",
      "describe named forms and lists",
      "distinguish related scripts"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Logographic",
      "Multiple readings",
      "Standardised lists",
      "Mixed with kana"
    ],
    "appearance": "Complex characters built from strokes and radicals, written in grid-like squares.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Chinese characters used in Japanese",
      "Manyogana, shinjitai, Toyo kanji, kyujitai, extended kanji, kuzushiji",
      "Hanzi are Chinese usage; hanja are Korean usage; kana are syllabaries; romaji is Latin transcription"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Joyo kanji",
        "typical_range": "2136",
        "unit": "characters",
        "note": "2010 revision"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Toyo kanji",
        "typical_range": "1850",
        "unit": "characters",
        "note": "1946"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Jinmeiyo kanji for names",
        "typical_range": "about 860",
        "unit": "characters",
        "note": "varies with revisions"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Joyo kanji",
      "Jinmeiyo kanji",
      "kyujitai and shinjitai forms",
      "manyogana",
      "kokuji or Japanese-made characters",
      "cursive and simplified forms"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "logographic writing system",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "derives from",
        "target": "Chinese characters",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used with",
        "target": "hiragana",
        "why": "and katakana"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "hanja",
        "why": ""
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Joyo Kanji list issued by the Japanese government",
      "JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0213 character sets",
      "Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Assuming one reading per character",
      "Confusing Japanese and Chinese simplified forms",
      "Mojibake from encoding mismatches"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain kanji and their role alongside kana in Japanese writing.",
        "Give readings and meanings with sources such as official character lists.",
        "Help learners study kanji."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a wrong reading or meaning confidently.",
        "Confuse Japanese kanji usage with Chinese usage without saying so.",
        "Produce kanji tattoos or designs with wrong or offensive meanings.",
        "Mock learners' mistakes."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Approving kanji for a permanent use such as a tattoo or sign."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Mistranslated characters on bodies or products embarrass and offend.",
        "Writing is central to Japanese culture."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Learners",
        "Japanese speakers",
        "People getting tattoos"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns a script; Japan's government sets official lists for education.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q82772: kanji",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Kanji",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What kanji are.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are kanji, and how do they differ from hanzi, hanja, kana and romaji?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about learning, history, computing or a specific character?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "forms",
            "name": "Forms",
            "description": "Named forms and lists.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "forms-finding",
                "name": "Forms",
                "description": "Forms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are manyogana, shinjitai, kyujitai, Toyo kanji, extended kanji and kuzushiji?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linguistics",
        "name": "Linguistics",
        "description": "Readings and structure.",
        "rationale": "Sources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "readings",
            "name": "Readings",
            "description": "On and kun readings.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "readings-finding",
                "name": "Readings",
                "description": "Readings.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do on and kun readings work?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "radicals",
            "name": "Radicals",
            "description": "Radicals and strokes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "radicals-finding",
                "name": "Radicals",
                "description": "Radicals.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are kanji built from radicals and stroke order?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "policy",
        "name": "Policy",
        "description": "Script policy.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "lists",
            "name": "Lists",
            "description": "Official lists.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "lists-finding",
                "name": "Lists",
                "description": "Lists.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Toyo and Joyo kanji lists and postwar reforms change usage?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Joyo kanji?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "computing",
            "name": "Computing",
            "description": "Encoding.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "computing-finding",
                "name": "Computing",
                "description": "Computing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are kanji encoded in JIS and Unicode?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Han unification?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History and learning.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How were Chinese characters adopted in Japan, and how did manyogana lead to kana?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Manyoshu?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "learning",
            "name": "Learning",
            "description": "Learning.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "learning-finding",
                "name": "Learning",
                "description": "Learning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do Japanese schools and learners study kanji, including the Kanji Kentei?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Kanji Kentei?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should the named lists and forms be separate entries?",
    "How should Japanese government sources be linked?",
    "Which entry should extended kanji point to, as it is ambiguous?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}