{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T21:45:44Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:50:09+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q837495",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.meronymy",
    "name": "meronymy",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.REL"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q837495/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.meronymy",
    "name": "meronymy",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain meronymy and its subtypes, identify part-whole relations in language and data, distinguish it from hyponymy, and apply it in ontology and knowledge modelling.",
    "definition": "The semantic relation between a part and the whole it belongs to, such as wheel to car, finger to hand, tree to forest or member to committee, with the part called a meronym and the whole a holonym; meronymy has several subtypes including component-object, member-collection and substance-whole relations and is used in lexicography, ontologies and knowledge graphs.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Part-whole relations in meaning.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain meronymy and holonymy",
      "identify part-whole relations",
      "distinguish from hyponymy",
      "model part-whole relations in ontologies"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Part-whole",
      "Directional",
      "Subtyped",
      "Ontology-relevant"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a relation between word meanings or concepts.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Part to whole",
      "Several subtypes",
      "Hyponymy is kind-of, not part-of"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "component-object meronymy",
      "member-collection meronymy",
      "portion-mass and substance-whole meronymy",
      "feature-activity and place-area meronymy",
      "meronymy in lexical databases such as WordNet"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "semantic relation",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "hyperonymy",
        "why": "contrasting relation"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "dependency",
        "why": "another relation type"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "ordered pair",
        "why": "relations as pairs"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Lexical database conventions such as WordNet",
      "Ontology standards such as OWL and SKOS",
      "Mereology in formal ontology"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing part-of with kind-of",
      "Assuming transitivity across subtypes",
      "Inconsistent modelling in knowledge graphs"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Model part-whole relations in ontologies and knowledge graphs, stating the subtype.",
        "Explain meronymy and holonymy with examples."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Confuse part-of with kind-of or instance-of relations.",
        "Assume part-of is transitive across subtypes where it is not.",
        "Change shared ontology relations that others depend on without review."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing relations in a published shared vocabulary."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Modelling errors spread through every system that reuses a vocabulary.",
        "Classifying members of groups as parts can misrepresent people."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Users of knowledge graphs",
        "Lexicographers",
        "Developers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a semantic relation; the maintainers of each vocabulary answer for its use there.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q837495: meronymy",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837495",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Meronymy",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meronymy",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "define",
        "name": "Define",
        "description": "What meronymy is.",
        "rationale": "Definitions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Meronym and holonym.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are meronyms and holonyms, and what subtypes of meronymy do linguists distinguish?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is this relation meronymy or hyponymy?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "examples",
            "name": "Examples",
            "description": "Examples.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "examples-finding",
                "name": "Examples",
                "description": "Examples.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are examples of component, member, substance and portion meronymy?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do languages express part-whole relations?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "theory",
        "name": "Theory",
        "description": "Properties of the relation.",
        "rationale": "Analysis.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "transitivity",
            "name": "Transitivity",
            "description": "Transitivity and inheritance.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "transitivity-finding",
                "name": "Transitivity",
                "description": "Transitivity.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When is meronymy transitive, and why does mixing subtypes break transitivity?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does meronymy relate to mereology in philosophy?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "lexicon",
            "name": "Lexicon",
            "description": "In lexical databases.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "lexicon-finding",
                "name": "Lexicon",
                "description": "Lexical databases.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does WordNet encode meronymy, and what are its limitations?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do other lexical resources handle it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "model",
        "name": "Model",
        "description": "In ontologies and data.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "ontology",
            "name": "Ontology",
            "description": "Modelling part-whole.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "ontology-finding",
                "name": "Ontology",
                "description": "Ontology.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should part-whole relations be modelled in this ontology or knowledge graph, including subtypes and constraints?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which standard properties exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "nlp",
            "name": "NLP",
            "description": "Extraction from text.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "nlp-finding",
                "name": "NLP",
                "description": "NLP.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can meronymy be extracted from text automatically?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are typical errors?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching meronymy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can meronymy be taught alongside other semantic relations?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did the study of meronymy develop in linguistics and philosophy?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which classifications are influential?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should mereology be a separate entry?",
    "How should lexical databases be linked?",
    "How should subtypes be standardised?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}