{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T14:17:01Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T17:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:28:06+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q864952",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.dark-matter-halo",
    "name": "dark matter halo",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.SPC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q864952/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.dark-matter-halo",
    "name": "dark matter halo",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain dark matter halos by evidence, models, profiles and open questions, attributing competing interpretations.",
    "definition": "A hypothesised, roughly spherical halo of dark matter surrounding galaxies and galaxy clusters, extending far beyond their visible matter and inferred from galaxy rotation curves, gravitational lensing and cosmological simulations; halos are central to the standard Lambda-CDM model, while alternatives such as modified gravity are debated and dark matter has not been directly detected.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Cosmology and galaxy formation.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the evidence for dark matter halos",
      "describe halo density profiles",
      "summarise alternative theories with attribution",
      "find simulation and survey data"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Invisible matter distribution",
      "Extends beyond visible galaxy",
      "Inferred through gravity",
      "Central to standard cosmology"
    ],
    "appearance": "Invisible; mapped indirectly from motions of stars and gas and from lensing.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Flat galaxy rotation curves",
      "Weak and strong lensing maps",
      "Stellar halos are made of stars"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Enclosed halo mass",
        "unit": "solar masses",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Inferred within a stated radius from gravitational effects under an explicitly identified model."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Halo radius",
        "unit": "kiloparsecs",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Inferred using a stated boundary convention because the halo has no directly observed sharp edge."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Dark matter density",
        "unit": "solar masses per cubic parsec",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Inferred as a function of distance from the centre by fitting a density profile to gravitational observations."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Halo axis ratio",
        "unit": "dimensionless",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Estimated from gravitational constraints or simulations with the compared axes and modelling assumptions stated."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "galaxy halos",
      "cluster halos",
      "subhalos",
      "NFW and cored profiles",
      "simulated halos"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "hypothetical astronomical object",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is made of",
        "target": "dark matter",
        "why": "component"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is inferred from",
        "target": "gravitational lensing",
        "why": "evidence"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "modified gravity theories",
        "why": "alternative"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No specific regulation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Presenting dark matter as directly detected",
      "Dismissing alternatives without attribution",
      "Confusing halos with optical halos"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the evidence for dark matter halos and the alternatives, attributing each.",
        "Report halo properties from published models and simulations, with their assumptions."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present dark matter as directly detected.",
        "Dismiss alternative theories such as modified gravity without stating the evidence.",
        "Present simulation results as observations."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing a claimed detection of dark matter."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Scientific honesty requires stating that dark matter is inferred, not observed directly.",
        "Large research investments depend on fair representation of competing theories."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "The public and students",
        "Researchers in competing fields"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a hypothesised structure; the scientific community answers for its models.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q864952: dark matter halo",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864952",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Dark matter halo",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter_halo",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "evidence",
        "name": "Evidence",
        "description": "Why halos are inferred.",
        "rationale": "Evidence is indirect.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "rotation",
            "name": "Rotation",
            "description": "Rotation curves.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rotation-finding",
                "name": "Rotation",
                "description": "Rotation curves.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do flat rotation curves suggest dark matter halos?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which observations are key?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "lensing",
            "name": "Lensing",
            "description": "Gravitational lensing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "lensing-finding",
                "name": "Lensing",
                "description": "Lensing evidence.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does lensing map mass in halos?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What did observations of colliding clusters show, according to astronomers?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "models",
        "name": "Models",
        "description": "Structure.",
        "rationale": "Profiles describe halos.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "profiles",
            "name": "Profiles",
            "description": "Density profiles.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "profiles-finding",
                "name": "Profiles",
                "description": "Density profiles.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do NFW and cored profiles describe, and which fits this galaxy?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is the cusp-core problem?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "simulations",
            "name": "Simulations",
            "description": "Cosmological simulations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "simulations-finding",
                "name": "Simulations",
                "description": "Simulations.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do simulations predict about halo formation and subhalos?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How well do they match observations?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "debate",
        "name": "Debate",
        "description": "Alternatives.",
        "rationale": "Views are attributed.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "alternatives",
            "name": "Alternatives",
            "description": "Modified gravity.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "alternatives-finding",
                "name": "Alternatives",
                "description": "Alternatives.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do modified gravity theories such as MOND explain the same observations, according to proponents and critics?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which evidence challenges each view?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "detection",
            "name": "Detection",
            "description": "Direct detection.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "detection-finding",
                "name": "Detection",
                "description": "Direct detection.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Has dark matter been directly detected, according to experiments?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which candidates are being tested?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learning",
        "name": "Learning",
        "description": "Explaining.",
        "rationale": "Clarity matters.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Plain language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Plain explanation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can dark matter halos be explained simply and accurately?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which caveats must be included?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "senses",
            "name": "Senses",
            "description": "Disambiguation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "senses-finding",
                "name": "Senses",
                "description": "Other halos.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is an optical halo or a stellar halo meant instead?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should profiles be separate entries?",
    "How should simulations be linked?",
    "How should detection experiments be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}