{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T22:38:08Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:00:49+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q895",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.rubidium",
    "name": "rubidium",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q895/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.rubidium",
    "name": "rubidium",
    "purpose": "Let an agent identify rubidium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, relay safety information, and distinguish it from other alkali metals.",
    "definition": "A chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37, a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that melts just above room temperature, reacts violently with water and ignites in air; rubidium has two natural isotopes, of which rubidium-87 is weakly radioactive and used in rubidium-strontium dating, and the element is used in atomic clocks, cold atom research, photocells and specialty glass.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Atomic clocks, research, photocells and specialty glass.",
    "affordances": [
      "relay properties and isotopes",
      "explain production and uses",
      "relay safety information",
      "distinguish from other alkali metals"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Very reactive alkali metal",
      "Low melting point",
      "Rb-87 for geochronology",
      "Atomic clock and cold atom use"
    ],
    "appearance": "A soft, silvery-white metal stored under inert gas or oil, tarnishing rapidly in air.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Element 37, symbol Rb",
      "Alkali metal, highly reactive",
      "Potassium and caesium are the neighbouring alkali metals"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "atomic number",
        "typical_range": "37",
        "unit": "Z",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "standard atomic weight",
        "typical_range": "85.468",
        "unit": "u",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "melting point",
        "typical_range": "39.3",
        "unit": "degrees C",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "rubidium-87 half-life",
        "typical_range": "about 49 billion",
        "unit": "years",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "rubidium metal",
      "rubidium compounds such as the chloride and carbonate",
      "isotopes from rubidium-71 to rubidium-103, with Rb-85 stable and Rb-87 long-lived",
      "rubidium in atomic physics"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "alkali metal",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "s-block element",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "atomic clock",
        "why": "the rubidium standard"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "rubidium-strontium dating",
        "why": "through Rb-87"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "symbol",
        "value_or_pattern": "Rb",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "CAS",
        "value_or_pattern": "7440-17-7",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Hazardous material handling and transport rules for alkali metals",
      "Chemical safety data sheets"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Fire and explosion on contact with water or air",
      "Caustic hydroxide formation",
      "Confusion with caesium in applications"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Describe rubidium's properties and its use in atomic clocks and rubidium-strontium dating.",
        "Explain safe storage requirements in general terms and point to safety data sheets.",
        "Distinguish rubidium from caesium in applications."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Handle, open or move rubidium samples outside a controlled laboratory.",
        "Expose rubidium to water or air or assist anyone in doing so for effect.",
        "Dispose of rubidium or its compounds as ordinary waste.",
        "Confuse rubidium with caesium in specifications."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Transporting or disposing of rubidium metal."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Alkali metals cause fires and burns when mishandled; bystanders can be hurt.",
        "Atomic clocks based on rubidium support navigation and networks people rely on."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Laboratory workers",
        "Emergency responders",
        "Waste handlers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The laboratory or holder of the material, under hazardous materials rules.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q895: rubidium",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Rubidium",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "What rubidium is.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "properties",
            "name": "Properties",
            "description": "Properties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "properties-finding",
                "name": "Properties",
                "description": "Properties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the physical and chemical properties of rubidium?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about rubidium or a neighbouring alkali metal?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "isotopes",
            "name": "Isotopes",
            "description": "Isotopes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "isotopes-finding",
                "name": "Isotopes",
                "description": "Isotopes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which isotopes exist, and how is rubidium-87 used in dating?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific isotope?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "source",
        "name": "Source",
        "description": "Occurrence and production.",
        "rationale": "Supply.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "occurrence",
            "name": "Occurrence",
            "description": "Occurrence.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "occurrence-finding",
                "name": "Occurrence",
                "description": "Occurrence.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where does rubidium occur, and how is it extracted as a by-product of lithium and caesium?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits lepidolite?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "supply",
            "name": "Supply",
            "description": "Supply.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "supply-finding",
                "name": "Supply",
                "description": "Supply.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who produces rubidium, and in what quantities, with sources?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Uses and safety.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "uses",
            "name": "Uses",
            "description": "Uses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "uses-finding",
                "name": "Uses",
                "description": "Uses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is rubidium used in atomic clocks, cold atom physics, photocells and glass?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the rubidium standard?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "safety",
            "name": "Safety",
            "description": "Safety.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "safety-finding",
                "name": "Safety",
                "description": "Safety.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What hazards does rubidium present, and how is it handled?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the user planning to handle it, which needs trained supervision?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "discovery",
            "name": "Discovery",
            "description": "Discovery.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "discovery-finding",
                "name": "Discovery",
                "description": "Discovery.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was rubidium discovered by Bunsen and Kirchhoff in 1861 by spectroscopy?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "research",
            "name": "Research",
            "description": "Research role.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "research-finding",
                "name": "Research",
                "description": "Research.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why is rubidium favoured in Bose-Einstein condensate and quantum research?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Bose-Einstein condensate?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should isotopes be separate entries?",
    "How should reference data be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}