{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T23:27:52Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:03:09+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q898477", "registryId": "vr.tr.cation-exchange-capacity", "name": "cation-exchange capacity", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QTY" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q898477/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cation-exchange-capacity", "name": "cation-exchange capacity", "purpose": "Let an agent explain cation-exchange capacity and what it indicates, relay measurement methods and typical values from soil science sources, and help interpret values for soil management in general terms.", "definition": "A measure of the capacity of a soil, sediment or material to hold exchangeable positively charged ions on the surfaces of clay minerals and organic matter, expressed in centimoles of charge per kilogram or milliequivalents per 100 grams; cation-exchange capacity indicates a soil ability to retain nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium, depends on clay type, organic matter and pH, and is a standard measure in soil science and fertility management.", "what_it_is_for": "Assessing nutrient retention in soils and materials.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept and units", "relay measurement methods", "relay typical values", "help interpret values in general terms" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Surface charge property", "Depends on clay and organic matter", "pH dependent in part", "Fertility indicator" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a number on a soil test report.", "visual_identification": [ "Capacity to hold exchangeable cations", "cmol(+)/kg or meq/100 g", "Anion-exchange capacity and base saturation are related measures" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "sandy soils", "typical_range": "about 1-5", "unit": "cmol(+)/kg", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "clay and organic soils", "typical_range": "about 20-50 or more", "unit": "cmol(+)/kg", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "effective and potential cation-exchange capacity", "CEC of clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite and smectite", "CEC of organic matter", "CEC of zeolites and ion-exchange materials" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "capacity", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a property of", "target": "soil", "why": "and other materials" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "base saturation", "why": "the share filled by base cations" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "ion exchange", "why": "the underlying process" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "unit", "value_or_pattern": "cmol(+)/kg", "note": "equal to meq/100 g" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 11260 and other soil analysis standards", "National soil testing protocols" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Method-dependent values", "Misinterpreting CEC without pH and base saturation", "Confusing CEC with nutrient content" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain cation-exchange capacity and report measurements with method and units.", "Interpret soil test results for a farmer who asked, stating limits." ], "must_not": [ "Report a measurement without the method, since methods give different values.", "Recommend fertiliser or liming amounts that ignore local rules on runoff.", "Present a single test as the full picture of a field." ], "requires_human": [ "Decisions on fertiliser applications near watercourses." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Soil advice affects farmers' income and water quality downstream.", "Soil is slow to recover from mistakes." ], "affected_parties": [ "Farmers", "People downstream of farmland", "Soil scientists" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the measure; the landowner holds the soil and labs answer for their results.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q898477: cation-exchange capacity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898477", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Cation-exchange capacity", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation-exchange_capacity", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What CEC is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is cation-exchange capacity, and what gives soils their exchange sites?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about CEC, anion exchange or nutrient content?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "factors", "name": "Factors", "description": "Factors.", "findings": [ { "id": "factors-finding", "name": "Factors", "description": "Factors.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do clay type, organic matter and pH affect CEC?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits clay mineral?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measure", "name": "Measure", "description": "Measurement.", "rationale": "Computation.", "layers": [ { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "Methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "methods-finding", "name": "Methods", "description": "Methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is CEC measured, and why do methods give different values?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "units", "name": "Units", "description": "Units and conversion.", "findings": [ { "id": "units-finding", "name": "Units", "description": "Units.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are cmol(+)/kg and meq/100 g related, and how are values converted?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What is the result for the values in question?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "apply", "name": "Apply", "description": "Interpretation and management.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "interpret", "name": "Interpret", "description": "Interpreting values.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpret-finding", "name": "Interpret", "description": "Interpret.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do CEC values indicate for fertility, liming and fertiliser management, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the question about a specific field, which needs a local soil adviser?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "materials", "name": "Materials", "description": "Other materials.", "findings": [ { "id": "materials-finding", "name": "Materials", "description": "Materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is CEC used for zeolites, clays and ion-exchange materials?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits ion exchange?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was cation exchange in soils discovered and quantified?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of soil science?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is CEC taught, and which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should base saturation be a separate entry?", "How should analysis standards be linked?", "How should method differences be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }