{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-10-21T20:48:55Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "researched by Claude against the sources listed below", "pass": 2, "wave": 5, "engine": "claude", "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-21T20:50:34+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "7 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q907017", "registryId": "vr.tr.withanolides", "name": "withanolides", "version": "0.2.0-wave.5", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q907017/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.withanolides", "name": "withanolides", "purpose": "Let an agent describe withanolides chemically and their sources, summarise research status with sources, and avoid unsupported health claims.", "definition": "A group of naturally occurring C28 steroidal lactones built on an ergostane skeleton, found mainly in plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), especially Withania somnifera (ashwagandha); withaferin A is a well-studied example.", "what_it_is_for": "Natural products studied for biological activity; marker compounds in ashwagandha products.", "affordances": [ "describe structure and sources", "give identifiers of specific withanolides", "summarise research evidence with its limits", "explain regulation of supplements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Built on a C28 ergostane framework with a delta- or gamma-lactone or lactol side chain; glycosides and modified skeletons add or rearrange carbons.", "Concentration varies with plant part, variety and processing; totals depend on which analytes and methods are used.", "Human findings about ashwagandha preparations cannot be attributed to individual withanolides without compound-specific evidence." ], "appearance": "Pure compounds are usually white to off-white solids.", "visual_identification": [ "Not visible in plants; identified by chromatography and spectroscopy" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "withaferins (such as withaferin A)", "withanolide A and related compounds", "withanosides (glycosides)", "physalins (related Physalis steroids)" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "steroid lactone", "why": "chemistry" }, { "relation": "is found in", "target": "Withania somnifera", "why": "plant source" }, { "relation": "is found in", "target": "Solanaceae", "why": "plant family" }, { "relation": "is used as", "target": "marker compound", "why": "supplement standardisation" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:74716", "note": "withanolide class" }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "per compound", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Food supplement rules, such as EU and national regulation of botanicals", "Pharmacopoeia monographs, such as USP Ashwagandha Root (not a standard for isolated withanolides)" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Liver injury and interactions reported with ashwagandha preparations (not shown for every isolated withanolide)", "Unsupported health claims" ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "describe chemistry and summarise evidence with sources" ], "must_not": [ "recommend supplements or doses", "make health claims beyond evidence" ], "requires_human": [ "use of supplements with medical conditions or medicines, which needs a clinician" ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "consumer safety", "honest communication of evidence" ], "affected_parties": [ "consumers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "nobody; a class of natural compounds", "master_systems": [ "PubChem", "ChEBI" ] }, "facets_not_applicable": { "properties": "A compound class: properties belong to each compound." }, "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [ { "id": "SRC-001", "title": "Q907017", "publisher": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907017", "what_it_supports": "identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-002", "title": "Withanolide", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withanolide", "what_it_supports": "general description of the subject", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-003", "title": "ChEBI: withanolide", "publisher": "Zebrafish Information Network, University of Oregon", "url": "https://zfin.org/CHEBI%3A74716", "what_it_supports": "Class identifier, C28 steroid framework and substituted derivatives.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-004", "title": "Antiproliferative withanolides from several Solanaceous species", "publisher": "Elsevier, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4177291/", "what_it_supports": "Structural diversity, plant sources, compound identification and preclinical biological research.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-005", "title": "Physalins V-IX, 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco withanolides from Physalis angulata and their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities", "publisher": "Springer Nature, Scientific Reports", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-03849-9.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Modified withanolide skeletons, physalin classification and lactone types.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-006", "title": "Ashwagandha Root", "publisher": "United States Pharmacopeia", "url": "https://doi.usp.org/USPNF/USPNF_M2786_02_01.html", "what_it_supports": "Botanical monograph and separate calculation of withanolide aglycones and glycosides.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-007", "title": "Ashwagandha: Usefulness and Safety", "publisher": "National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health", "url": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ashwagandha", "what_it_supports": "Limits of human evidence, variation among preparations, reported liver injury and medication interactions.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "compound", "name": "Compound", "description": "Which withanolide.", "rationale": "Compounds differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Name and identifiers.", "findings": [ { "id": "compound", "name": "Compound", "description": "Name and IDs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which withanolide is it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What are its identifiers?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "structure", "name": "Structure", "description": "Skeleton and groups.", "findings": [ { "id": "structure", "name": "Structure", "description": "Features.", "questions": [ { "text": "What structural features does it have?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it a glycoside?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sources", "name": "Sources", "description": "Where they occur.", "rationale": "Content varies.", "layers": [ { "id": "plants", "name": "Plants", "description": "Species and parts.", "findings": [ { "id": "plant-source", "name": "Plant source", "description": "Species and part.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which plant and part contain it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "In what amounts?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "products", "name": "Products", "description": "Supplements.", "findings": [ { "id": "product-content", "name": "Product content", "description": "Declared content.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much does the product declare?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Was it verified by analysis?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence", "name": "Evidence", "description": "Biological activity.", "rationale": "Evidence must be stated with limits.", "layers": [ { "id": "laboratory", "name": "Laboratory", "description": "In vitro and animal studies.", "findings": [ { "id": "preclinical-finding", "name": "Preclinical finding", "description": "Study and result.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do laboratory studies show?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do they apply to humans?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "clinical", "name": "Clinical", "description": "Human studies.", "findings": [ { "id": "clinical-finding", "name": "Clinical finding", "description": "Trial and result.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do human trials show?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How strong is the evidence?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety-and-regulation", "name": "Safety and regulation", "description": "Risks and rules.", "rationale": "Supplements carry risks.", "layers": [ { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Adverse effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "adverse-effect", "name": "Adverse effect", "description": "Report and source.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which adverse effects are reported?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "By which agency?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulation", "name": "Regulation", "description": "Rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "regulation", "name": "Regulation", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are products regulated here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are there restrictions?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry merges individual compounds named by systematic names; they should be separate entries." ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }