{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T19:36:31Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T00:10:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:55:03+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q9135", "registryId": "vr.tr.operating-system", "name": "operating system", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9135/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.operating-system", "name": "operating system", "purpose": "Let an agent identify which operating system and version a device runs, explain what the system is responsible for, relay support lifecycles, security update and compatibility information from vendors, and separate the operating system from firmware, applications and hardware.", "definition": "The system software that manages a computer or device: it controls hardware, schedules processes, manages memory, storage, files, devices, networking and security, and provides the interfaces that application programs and users depend on; examples include Windows, macOS, Linux distributions, Android, iOS and real-time systems for embedded devices.", "what_it_is_for": "Running a computer and the programs on it.", "affordances": [ "identify the system and version on a device", "explain what the operating system does", "relay support and update information", "compare systems for a use case" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Sits between hardware and applications", "Owns processes, memory, files, devices and access control", "Has a version and a support lifecycle", "Firmware and applications are separate layers" ], "appearance": "Not visible as an object; seen through its user interface, its name and version in settings, and its command shell.", "visual_identification": [ "Name and version shown in system settings or by a command", "Kernel, shell and package manager identify a Linux distribution", "Firmware such as BIOS or UEFI starts the machine and is not the operating system" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "desktop and laptop systems such as Windows, macOS and Linux distributions", "mobile systems such as Android and iOS", "server systems", "real-time and embedded systems", "systems for televisions, cars and appliances" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "system software", "why": "the category" }, { "relation": "runs on", "target": "computer", "why": "the hardware it manages" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "firmware", "why": "BIOS and UEFI start the machine but are a different layer" }, { "relation": "runs", "target": "application software", "why": "what the system exists to host" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "name and version", "value_or_pattern": "vendor naming", "note": "shown in settings" }, { "scheme": "kernel version", "value_or_pattern": "numeric", "note": "for Linux and similar systems" }, { "scheme": "build number", "value_or_pattern": "vendor specific", "note": "identifies the exact release" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "POSIX from IEEE for interfaces", "Vendor support lifecycle policies", "Security certification schemes such as Common Criteria", "Accessibility requirements in public procurement" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Unsupported versions without security updates", "Driver and hardware incompatibility", "Data loss during upgrades", "Malware exploiting system vulnerabilities" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain operating systems and their functions.", "Administer and update operating systems the agent is authorized to manage.", "Report security updates and end-of-support dates." ], "must_not": [ "Install, modify or bypass an operating system on a device without its owner's consent.", "Disable security features such as updates, firewalls or access controls.", "Apply untested changes to production systems without a backup.", "Help evade licensing or install malware." ], "requires_human": [ "Upgrading or reinstalling the operating system on systems others depend on.", "Wiping a device." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Operating systems control access to everyone's data on a device.", "Unsupported systems leave users exposed to attack." ], "affected_parties": [ "Device users", "People whose data is stored", "System administrators" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The owner of the device; the vendor or project maintains the system software.", "master_systems": [] }, "facets_not_applicable": { "properties": "An operating system is software and has no intrinsic physical properties separate from the hardware and storage media that implement it." } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q9135: operating system", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Operating system", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Which system this is.", "rationale": "Everything depends on the system and version.", "layers": [ { "id": "which", "name": "Which system", "description": "Name and version.", "findings": [ { "id": "which-finding", "name": "Which", "description": "Which.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which operating system and version does the device run, and how is that read?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the operating system, the firmware or an application?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lifecycle", "name": "Lifecycle", "description": "Support status.", "findings": [ { "id": "lifecycle-finding", "name": "Lifecycle", "description": "Lifecycle.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this version still supported, and when does support end according to the vendor?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where is the lifecycle policy published?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function", "name": "Function", "description": "What it does.", "rationale": "Responsibilities define the system.", "layers": [ { "id": "core", "name": "Core", "description": "Kernel duties.", "findings": [ { "id": "core-finding", "name": "Core", "description": "Core.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the system manage processes, memory, storage and devices?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits file systems or networking in depth?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "interfaces", "name": "Interfaces", "description": "User and program interfaces.", "findings": [ { "id": "interfaces-finding", "name": "Interfaces", "description": "Interfaces.", "questions": [ { "text": "What interfaces does the system offer to users and to programs?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which standards govern those interfaces?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operate", "name": "Operate", "description": "Running and securing.", "rationale": "Systems need care.", "layers": [ { "id": "updates", "name": "Updates", "description": "Updates and patches.", "findings": [ { "id": "updates-finding", "name": "Updates", "description": "Updates.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are updates delivered, and what does the vendor advise about applying them?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking for help with a specific device, which needs its vendor support?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "security", "name": "Security", "description": "Security.", "findings": [ { "id": "security-finding", "name": "Security", "description": "Security.", "questions": [ { "text": "What security features and hardening guidance do vendors and agencies publish?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits malware and incidents?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "choose", "name": "Choose", "description": "Comparing and learning.", "rationale": "Choice and study.", "layers": [ { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparison.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-finding", "name": "Compare", "description": "Compare.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do systems compare for a given use case in compatibility, licensing and support?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which criteria matter for the user?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Study.", "findings": [ { "id": "learn-finding", "name": "Learn", "description": "Learn.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are operating systems taught and studied, and which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How did operating systems develop historically?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each operating system be a separate entry?", "How should support lifecycle dates be linked?", "The registry entry has merged BIOS aliases, which are firmware; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }