{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T05:36:56Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:08:37+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-06T23:01:40+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition",
          "visual_identification"
        ],
        "answering_review": "73d298bec05744f5a7eb07bcb9a7a574aab388f90dd9e2571d4ef6b333bd49ca"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q9199",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.vietnamese",
    "name": "Vietnamese",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9199/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.vietnamese",
    "name": "Vietnamese",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Vietnamese language and its dialects, relay phonology, grammar, scripts and history from linguistic sources with attribution, describe its status in Vietnam and the diaspora, and distinguish Vietnamese from Chinese, from other Vietic and Austroasiatic languages and from the Vietnamese people.",
    "definition": "An Austroasiatic language of the Vietic branch, the national and official language of Vietnam spoken by about 85 million people there and by overseas Vietnamese communities, notably in the United States, with Northern, Central including Thanh Hoa, and Southern dialects, a tonal phonology with six tones in the Hanoi standard, and a history of writing Vietnamese in chu Nom, developed using and adapting Chinese characters, before the adoption of the Latin-based chu Quoc ngu in the 20th century; chu Han was used for writing Classical Chinese in Vietnam, and Vietnamese has a large vocabulary of Sino-Vietnamese loans.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a language.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain dialects and features",
      "relay scripts and history",
      "describe status and diaspora",
      "distinguish from related languages"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Tonal and analytic",
      "Latin-based script",
      "Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary",
      "Regional dialects"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; speech and text in the Latin-based Quoc ngu script.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Vietnamese is a Vietic Austroasiatic language of Vietnam.",
      "Vietnamese has Northern, Central including Thanh Hoa, and Southern dialects and is also spoken in the United States.",
      "Chu Nom was developed for writing Vietnamese, while chu Han was used for writing Classical Chinese in Vietnam.",
      "Chinese is Sino-Tibetan, Muong is a related Vietic language, and the Vietnamese people are an ethnic group."
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "speakers",
        "typical_range": "about 85",
        "unit": "million",
        "note": "in Vietnam, plus diaspora"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "tones",
        "typical_range": "6",
        "unit": "count",
        "note": "Northern standard"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Quoc ngu adopted officially",
        "typical_range": "20th century",
        "unit": "period",
        "note": "from Jesuit romanisation of the 17th century"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Vietnamese speakers in the US",
        "typical_range": "about 1.5",
        "unit": "million",
        "note": "estimates"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Northern Vietnamese including the Hanoi standard",
      "Central Vietnamese including Thanh Hoa and Hue varieties",
      "Southern Vietnamese including the Saigon variety",
      "historical Vietnamese written in chu Han and chu Nom",
      "overseas Vietnamese varieties such as Vietnamese in the United States"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "Vietic",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "belongs to",
        "target": "Austroasiatic languages",
        "why": "as its largest member"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is written in",
        "target": "Vietnamese alphabet",
        "why": "chu Quoc ngu"
      },
      {
        "relation": "was formerly written in",
        "target": "chu Nom",
        "why": "and chu Han"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-1",
        "value_or_pattern": "vi",
        "note": "Vietnamese"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
        "value_or_pattern": "vie",
        "note": "Vietnamese"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "Glottolog",
        "value_or_pattern": "viet1252",
        "note": "Vietnamese"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Vietnamese constitution naming Vietnamese the national language",
      "ISO 639 codes",
      "Orthographic conventions of Vietnamese education"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Assuming Vietnamese is related to Chinese",
      "Confusing the language with the people",
      "Political framing of diaspora and dialect differences"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Translate and explain Vietnamese, naming the dialect and source.",
        "Explain tones, the Latin-based script and dialects, citing linguistic sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Drop tone marks in ways that change meaning in a translation.",
        "Treat one regional dialect as wrong or inferior.",
        "Mistranslate legal or medical documents without warning that a qualified translator is needed."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Providing translations for legal, medical or immigration use."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Language access affects Vietnamese speakers' rights in courts, health care and immigration.",
        "Dialect prejudice can stigmatize speakers."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Vietnamese speakers",
        "Overseas Vietnamese communities"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The public: held in common by its speakers.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q9199: Vietnamese",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9199",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Vietnamese language",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_language",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What Vietnamese is.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition and classification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is Vietnamese, how is it classified within Austroasiatic, and how does it differ from Chinese?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the language, a dialect, a script, the people or the diaspora?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "dialects",
            "name": "Dialects",
            "description": "Dialects.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "dialects-finding",
                "name": "Dialects",
                "description": "Dialects.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do Northern, Central including Thanh Hoa, and Southern Vietnamese differ in tones and vocabulary?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific dialect?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Grammar and learning.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "features",
            "name": "Features",
            "description": "Phonology and grammar.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "features-finding",
                "name": "Features",
                "description": "Features.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the main features of Vietnamese tones, syllable structure, classifiers and word order?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "resources",
            "name": "Resources",
            "description": "Learning resources.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "resources-finding",
                "name": "Resources",
                "description": "Resources.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What dictionaries, courses and corpora exist for learning Vietnamese?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "scripts",
        "name": "Scripts",
        "description": "Scripts and history.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "scripts",
            "name": "Scripts",
            "description": "Scripts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "scripts-finding",
                "name": "Scripts",
                "description": "Scripts.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How were chu Han and chu Nom used, and how did Quoc ngu become the standard, as historians describe?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits chu Nom?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Language history.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Vietnamese develop, and how did Chinese contact shape its vocabulary?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Status and diaspora.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "status",
            "name": "Status",
            "description": "Status in Vietnam.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "status-finding",
                "name": "Status",
                "description": "Status.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the status of Vietnamese and minority languages in Vietnam?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits languages of Vietnam?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "diaspora",
            "name": "Diaspora",
            "description": "Diaspora.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "diaspora-finding",
                "name": "Diaspora",
                "description": "Diaspora.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is Vietnamese maintained in the United States and other diaspora communities, with findings attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits overseas Vietnamese?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should chu Nom and the Vietnamese alphabet be separate primary entries?",
    "How should linguistic sources be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects, scripts and diaspora groups; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}