{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T06:00:47Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:56:29+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:03+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q930933",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.relation-q930933",
    "name": "relation",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q930933/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.relation-q930933",
    "name": "relation",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain relations as properties holding between entities across logic, mathematics, philosophy and data modelling, describe kinds and formal treatments, support modelling questions, and separate this general sense from specific uses such as personal relationships.",
    "definition": "A property that holds between two or more entities, such as being larger than, being the parent of, being located in or being equal to, treated in logic and mathematics as sets of tuples, in philosophy as a category of being distinct from monadic properties, in databases as tables linking entities, and in everyday language as connections between people, things and ideas; relations are fundamental to reasoning, modelling and description across fields.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Properties holding between entities.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the concept across fields",
      "describe kinds and treatments",
      "support modelling",
      "separate senses"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Multi-place",
      "Formalisable",
      "Ubiquitous",
      "Cross-field"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; an abstract connection.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Property between two or more entities",
      "Logical, mathematical, philosophical, data relations",
      "A monadic property belongs to one thing; a relationship in everyday use is a specific social bond"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "binary and n-ary relations",
      "relations in logic and set theory",
      "relations in metaphysics",
      "relations in data models",
      "relations in everyday description"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "property",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "binary relation",
        "why": "the two-place case in mathematics"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "unit relation",
        "why": "relations between units"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "point relation",
        "why": "relations between points"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Logical and mathematical notation",
      "Data modelling standards",
      "No regulation of the concept"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing senses of relation",
      "Confusing relations with functions or attributes",
      "Ambiguous modelling"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain relations across logic, mathematics, philosophy and data modelling, naming the field.",
        "Help model relations between entities in a dataset the agent is authorised to work on.",
        "Distinguish relations from functions and attributes."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Model personal relationships in data in ways that expose people without consent.",
        "Confuse relations with functions or attributes.",
        "Infer sensitive relations such as kinship or partnership from data without a lawful basis.",
        "Present ambiguous models as precise."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing inferred relationships between named people."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Data models of relations can reveal private relationships.",
        "Clear models avoid errors that affect people's records."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People in datasets",
        "Data users",
        "Students"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a concept held in common; the owner of a dataset answers for its relations.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q930933: relation",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930933",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Relation (philosophy)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_%28philosophy%29",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a relation is.",
        "rationale": "Concepts.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "concept",
            "name": "Concept",
            "description": "Concept and senses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "concept-finding",
                "name": "Concept",
                "description": "Concept.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a relation, and how do logical, mathematical, philosophical, data and everyday senses differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sense is meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "formal",
            "name": "Formal",
            "description": "Formal treatment.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "formal-finding",
                "name": "Formal",
                "description": "Formal.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are relations formalised as sets of tuples, and what properties can they have?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits binary relations?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "apply",
        "name": "Apply",
        "description": "Modelling with relations.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "model",
            "name": "Model",
            "description": "Modelling.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "model-finding",
                "name": "Model",
                "description": "Modelling.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can the relations in this domain be identified and modelled in a schema or ontology?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits data modelling?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "reason",
            "name": "Reason",
            "description": "Reasoning.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "reason-finding",
                "name": "Reason",
                "description": "Reasoning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are relations used in logical reasoning and inference?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits predicate logic?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "philosophy",
        "name": "Philosophy",
        "description": "Philosophy of relations.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "metaphysics",
            "name": "Metaphysics",
            "description": "Metaphysics.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "metaphysics-finding",
                "name": "Metaphysics",
                "description": "Metaphysics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What debates exist about whether relations are real, internal or external, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which findings are contested?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did the logic of relations develop from Aristotle through De Morgan, Peirce and Russell?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can relations be taught across logic, mathematics and computing?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "language",
            "name": "Language",
            "description": "Language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "language-finding",
                "name": "Language",
                "description": "Language.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do relation, relationship and connection differ in usage?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific sense?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should relations in metaphysics be a separate entry?",
    "How should logic resources be linked?",
    "How should modelling standards be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}