{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:43:31Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:45:25+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q942", "registryId": "vr.tr.bismuth", "name": "bismuth", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q942/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bismuth", "name": "bismuth", "purpose": "Let an agent explain bismuth and its properties and isotopes, describe its uses and production, relay safety information, and support chemistry learning.", "definition": "A chemical element with atomic number 83, a brittle silvery-pink heavy metal that is the most diamagnetic element, has low toxicity compared with its neighbours lead and polonium, forms colourful oxide-layer crystals, and occurs as many isotopes of which bismuth-209 is effectively stable with an extremely long half-life; bismuth is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, low-melting alloys, lead-free solders and shot, and is produced mainly as a by-product of lead and copper refining.", "what_it_is_for": "A heavy metal element.", "affordances": [ "explain properties and isotopes", "describe uses and production", "relay safety information", "support learning" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Most diamagnetic element", "Low toxicity for a heavy metal", "Long-lived isotope 209", "Low-melting alloys" ], "appearance": "Silvery-pink brittle metal, often as iridescent stepped crystals.", "visual_identification": [ "Element 83", "Iridescent oxide crystals", "Lead and antimony are neighbouring elements with different properties" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Mass density", "unit": "g/cm3", "typical_range": "Approximately 9.78", "note": "This approximate value applies to solid elemental bismuth near room temperature." }, { "quantity": "Melting point", "unit": "degrees Celsius", "typical_range": "Approximately 271.4", "note": "This approximate value applies to pure elemental bismuth at atmospheric pressure." }, { "quantity": "Molar mass", "unit": "g/mol", "typical_range": "Approximately 208.98", "note": "This approximate value applies to naturally occurring bismuth." } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "bismuth metal and alloys", "bismuth compounds in medicine", "bismuth isotopes", "bismuth minerals and ores", "bismuth in electronics and pigments" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "heavy metal", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "simple substance", "why": "elemental forms" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "organochlorine compound", "why": "another chemistry entry" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "fundamental quantity", "why": "measurement of properties" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Chemical safety data sheets", "Pharmacopoeial standards for bismuth medicines", "Lead-free product regulations" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Rare toxicity from excessive medicinal use", "Confusing with lead", "Radioactivity misconceptions about bismuth-209" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain bismuth's properties, including its strong diamagnetism and low toxicity relative to lead.", "Describe its uses in alloys, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lead-free solder.", "Relay safety information for bismuth compounds from authoritative sources." ], "must_not": [ "Recommend taking bismuth medicines beyond the labelled dose or duration.", "Sell or label a bismuth item as lead, or a lead item as bismuth.", "Present bismuth-209 as a radiation hazard in everyday use, or deny its extremely slow decay.", "Advise heating bismuth or its compounds without ventilation and protective measures." ], "requires_human": [ "Advising on bismuth medication for a specific person, such as a child or someone with kidney disease." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Bismuth is promoted as a safe lead substitute, so false claims about composition put people at risk.", "Mining and refining it as a by-product of lead and copper carries the pollution of those industries." ], "affected_parties": [ "Patients taking bismuth medicines", "Hobbyists and metalworkers", "Communities near smelters" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The person or business that holds it; chemicals regulators set the rules for its compounds.", "master_systems": [ "National and regional chemical substance registries" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q942: bismuth", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Bismuth", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What bismuth is.", "rationale": "Chemistry.", "layers": [ { "id": "properties", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "properties-finding", "name": "Properties", "description": "Properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the physical and chemical properties of bismuth, and why is it so diamagnetic and colourful in crystals?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does it compare with lead and antimony?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "isotopes", "name": "Isotopes", "description": "Isotopes.", "findings": [ { "id": "isotopes-finding", "name": "Isotopes", "description": "Isotopes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about bismuth isotopes, including the extremely long half-life of bismuth-209?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific isotope?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Uses and production.", "rationale": "Applications.", "layers": [ { "id": "uses", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "findings": [ { "id": "uses-finding", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is bismuth used in medicines, cosmetics, alloys, solders, shot and pigments?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific application?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "production", "name": "Production", "description": "Production.", "findings": [ { "id": "production-finding", "name": "Production", "description": "Production.", "questions": [ { "text": "How and where is bismuth produced, and what are its supply and price dynamics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits metal refining?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety and health.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "toxicity", "name": "Toxicity", "description": "Toxicity.", "findings": [ { "id": "toxicity-finding", "name": "Toxicity", "description": "Toxicity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about bismuth toxicity and the safety of bismuth medicines, according to health sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own medication, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling", "name": "Handling", "description": "Handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-finding", "name": "Handling", "description": "Handling.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is bismuth handled safely in the laboratory and hobby crystal growing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits laboratory safety?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was bismuth identified as an element, and how were its uses discovered?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can bismuth be used to teach crystals and diamagnetism?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should isotopes be separate entries?", "How should safety data be linked?", "How should production statistics be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }