{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T10:30:12Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.0, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09529-d70d-7fb1-a4df-dd143742a6ff\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Insertion loss\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.PRC\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 043: 1001 ", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 70.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09529-d708-7990-8b12-ea3a8a980b1d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Insertion loss\nRegistry id: vr.tr.insertion-loss\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.PRC\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:16:20+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-07T11:41:53+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "agent_conduct" ], "answering_review": "5936882087f70b98993f4112b679ffa87641830910dc4274b7d564517614bf96" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q947396", "registryId": "vr.tr.insertion-loss", "name": "Insertion loss", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q947396/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.insertion-loss", "name": "Insertion loss", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, interpret, compare and act on insertion-loss measurements without separating a reported loss from its reference configuration and operating conditions.", "definition": "Insertion loss is the reduction in transmitted signal level caused by inserting a component or system into a specified path, relative to a defined reference configuration and usually expressed in decibels.", "scope_statement": "This model owns insertion loss as a comparative transmission quantity associated with inserting a specified element into a defined system, including its operational definition, reference configuration, measurement validity and decision use; it does not own the inserted device or the measurement process as a whole.", "in_scope": [ "The before-insertion and after-insertion configurations that define a loss comparison", "Electrical, radio-frequency, optical and acoustic operationalisations, with their differences recorded explicitly", "Loss values and spectra, including units, sign conventions and uncertainty", "Source, receiver, interface and environmental conditions affecting interpretation", "Evidence supporting comparison, acceptance and diagnosis" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete models of cables, connectors, filters, silencers and other inserted devices", "Return loss and reflection coefficients as independent quantities", "Intrinsic material absorption and attenuation coefficients", "Complete scattering matrices, phase response and group delay", "End-to-end link budgets and acoustic exposure assessments", "Instrument design and calibration procedures beyond evidence needed to validate the result" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An insertion-loss instance identifies both an inserted element and the reference configuration against which its effect is evaluated; an isolated output-power reading is insufficient.", "It compares transmission to a receiver or downstream subsystem, whereas return loss compares incident and reflected signals.", "A reported value belongs to specified interfaces and operating conditions, rather than being an unconditional material property.", "Its interpretation requires an explicit sign convention: a logarithmic transmission trace and a positive loss value may encode opposite signs.", "It does not by itself identify how much missing transmitted power was absorbed, reflected, scattered or transferred to another mode." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Operational definition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Delivered-power ratio; specified transmission-parameter conversion; acoustic level difference; other documented convention", "why_it_matters": "Determines which observations constitute insertion loss and which conversions are valid." }, { "name": "Insertion-loss value", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "dB, with formula and sign convention recorded", "why_it_matters": "Expresses the transmission change relative to the stated reference." }, { "name": "Spectral coordinates", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Frequency in Hz or optical wavelength in m and appropriate multiples; bandwidth where applicable", "why_it_matters": "A single value cannot establish performance across an unspecified band." }, { "name": "Inserted element and reference path", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to the tested element, baseline configuration and measurement boundaries", "why_it_matters": "Makes clear which interfaces and components contribute to the comparison." }, { "name": "Excitation and receiving conditions", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Source and load impedances; propagation mode; polarisation; optical launch; acoustic source and receiver geometry, as applicable", "why_it_matters": "Changes in coupling or termination can change the measured insertion loss." }, { "name": "Direction and channel", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named input and output ports, forward or reverse direction, selected mode or channel", "why_it_matters": "Prevents treating distinct transmission paths as the same measurement." }, { "name": "Measurement uncertainty", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "dB with uncertainty method, coverage and treatment of shared reference errors", "why_it_matters": "Supports defensible comparisons and decisions near a limit." }, { "name": "Evidence validity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported; conditionally usable; unresolved; invalid for intended comparison", "why_it_matters": "Separates a reported number from a result suitable for the intended action." } ], "affordances": [ "Calculate insertion loss from compatible reference and inserted-state observations using a declared formula.", "Normalise reporting conventions while preserving original measurements and assumptions.", "Compare components or installation states under equivalent measurement conditions.", "Evaluate a loss spectrum against a specified limit and uncertainty decision rule.", "Identify whether an unexpected result warrants checking connections, calibration, matching or the reference configuration.", "Contribute qualified component losses to a system assessment when composition assumptions hold." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Measure and report insertion loss against the defined reference, with uncertainty.", "Compare measured loss with a component's specification." ], "must_not": [ "Report measurements without stating the reference configuration and conditions.", "Pass a component or link that fails its loss budget.", "Look into a live optical fibre or treat eye protection as making direct viewing safe.", "Test live optical fibres without appropriate optical safety controls." ], "requires_human": [ "Accepting a link or system for service when it is near its loss limit." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Networks used for emergency and medical services rely on honest test results.", "Falsified test reports shift failures onto users later." ], "affected_parties": [ "Network users", "Technicians", "Buyers of components" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; the operator of each network or system answers for its measurements.", "master_systems": [] }, "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Excess loss causes signal dropouts and failed links.", "Testing optical links can expose eyes to invisible laser light." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Insertion loss is used when evaluating components added to electrical, radio-frequency or optical signal paths.", "It supports transmission budgets and comparisons of cables, connectors, filters and other components under specified operating conditions.", "A meaningful result identifies the reference path, frequency or wavelength, and relevant connection conditions." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 61300-3-4, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, specifies attenuation measurement methods for fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components." ], "facets_not_applicable": { "recognition": "Insertion loss is a measured relationship between signal levels and has no independent visual appearance." } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q947396: Insertion loss", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Insertion loss", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_loss", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "definition-and-convention", "name": "Definition and convention", "description": "Establishes what the reported insertion loss means in its technical community.", "rationale": "Shared terminology does not guarantee interchangeable observables, references or signs.", "layers": [ { "id": "operational-meaning", "name": "Operational meaning", "description": "Identifies the comparison that constitutes an instance.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparison-quantity", "name": "Comparison quantity", "description": "Record the before-and-after observable and the authority defining it. The ASA terminology database includes a delivered-power definition based on power reaching the downstream system before and after insertion. [ASA terminology database](https://asastandards.org/working-groups-home/working-groups-portal/asa-standard-term-database/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which technical field and authoritative definition govern this insertion-loss claim?", "kind": "definition", "id": "comparison-quantity-q01" }, { "text": "What observable is compared before and after insertion, and at which receiving boundary?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparison-quantity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "formula-and-sign", "name": "Formula and sign", "description": "Makes numerical interpretation and conversion explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "reported-loss-convention", "name": "Reported loss convention", "description": "Record the numerator, denominator, logarithmic multiplier and sign; require the relevant assumptions before converting power, amplitude or transmission-parameter data.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact formula produces the reported dB value, and does positive mean reduced transmission?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reported-loss-convention-q01" }, { "text": "If amplitude data or S-parameters are used, what impedance, normalisation and reference assumptions justify the conversion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reported-loss-convention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "insertion-reference-and-boundaries", "name": "Insertion reference and boundaries", "description": "Defines the physical comparison underlying the quantity.", "rationale": "Changing the reference path or included interfaces changes what loss is being attributed.", "layers": [ { "id": "baseline-configuration", "name": "Baseline configuration", "description": "Captures the system against which insertion is assessed.", "findings": [ { "id": "reference-equivalence", "name": "Reference equivalence", "description": "Describe the baseline connection, bypass or removed-element configuration and any unavoidable difference between reference and inserted measurements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What physically or mathematically replaces the inserted element in the baseline?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reference-equivalence-q01" }, { "text": "Which source, receiver and path conditions remain equivalent across the two configurations?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reference-equivalence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "included-transmission-path", "name": "Included transmission path", "description": "Locates the boundaries of the claimed result.", "findings": [ { "id": "interfaces-and-fixtures", "name": "Interfaces and fixtures", "description": "Record whether connectors, adapters, mounting structures, fixtures and coupling interfaces contribute to the result or have been removed by correction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are the reference planes or acoustic observation boundaries, and which interfaces lie between them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "interfaces-and-fixtures-q01" }, { "text": "Which fixture or interface contributions were removed, and what evidence supports those corrections?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interfaces-and-fixtures-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operating-conditions-and-spectrum", "name": "Operating conditions and spectrum", "description": "Records where and under what excitation the loss claim applies.", "rationale": "A nominal loss can conceal spectral variation and dependence on coupling, direction or operating state.", "layers": [ { "id": "spectral-description", "name": "Spectral description", "description": "Distinguishes individual samples, resolved spectra and aggregated values.", "findings": [ { "id": "band-and-aggregation", "name": "Band and aggregation", "description": "Preserve measurement coordinates, resolution and any averaging or weighting used to compress a spectrum into a reported value.", "questions": [ { "text": "At which frequencies, wavelengths or bands was insertion loss measured, and with what resolution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "band-and-aggregation-q01" }, { "text": "Is the stated value a point, maximum, average or weighted band result, and how was it calculated?", "kind": "definition", "id": "band-and-aggregation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coupling-and-state", "name": "Coupling and state", "description": "Captures conditions that affect transfer through the inserted element.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-operating-envelope", "name": "Applicable operating envelope", "description": "Record domain-relevant conditions such as terminations, optical launch and polarisation, acoustic geometry, signal level and environmental state.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source, load, launch, mode, polarisation or geometric conditions define this result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "applicable-operating-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Over which signal levels, directions and environmental states has the reported loss been established?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "applicable-operating-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement-evidence-and-validity", "name": "Measurement evidence and validity", "description": "Connects a loss claim to observations and their limitations.", "rationale": "Reference drift, measurement limits and processing assumptions can masquerade as insertion loss.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurement-method", "name": "Measurement method", "description": "Identifies the acquisition and processing route.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-observations", "name": "Traceable observations", "description": "Preserve original observations, instrument configuration and calibration evidence. Keysight documents S21 and S12 as forward and reverse transmission measurements associated with insertion loss. [Keysight measurement parameters](https://helpfiles.keysight.com/csg/e5055a/S1_Settings/Measurement_Parameters.htm)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which raw readings, traces or files support the reference and inserted-state values?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-observations-q01" }, { "text": "Which calibration, normalisation and processing steps connect those observations to the reported loss?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-observations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "uncertainty-and-detectability", "name": "Uncertainty and detectability", "description": "Determines whether the observed difference is resolved and repeatable.", "findings": [ { "id": "result-confidence", "name": "Result confidence", "description": "Assess drift, reconnection variability, background or noise limits and uncertainty shared between the reference and inserted observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What uncertainty budget covers both configurations, including correlated errors and repeatability?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "result-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "Do dynamic range, background level or drift require reporting a bound or an unresolved result?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "result-confidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interpretation-and-decisions", "name": "Interpretation and decisions", "description": "Controls what an agent may infer or decide from insertion loss.", "rationale": "The same loss can be desirable in a noise-control path and undesirable in a signal path, while neither case identifies the loss mechanism by itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanism-and-neighbours", "name": "Mechanism and neighbours", "description": "Separates measured transmission change from explanations of that change.", "findings": [ { "id": "loss-attribution", "name": "Loss attribution", "description": "Require additional evidence before attributing insertion loss to dissipation, reflection, leakage or mode redistribution; investigate unexpected signs against the declared baseline.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which additional reflection, absorption or modal measurements support the proposed explanation of the loss?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "loss-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "If the result is negative or unexpectedly small, do reference conditions, changed coupling, active gain or measurement uncertainty explain it?", "kind": "action", "id": "loss-attribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparison-and-acceptance", "name": "Comparison and acceptance", "description": "Turns qualified results into bounded engineering decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-use", "name": "Permitted use", "description": "Record the intended transmission outcome, applicable limit and comparability requirements before ranking alternatives or combining component losses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the application require a maximum or minimum insertion loss, across which band and under what uncertainty decision rule?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-use-q01" }, { "text": "Are references and operating conditions compatible enough to compare these results or add their dB values in a cascade?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permitted-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "No sense is recorded: electrical, optical and acoustic uses share a comparison principle but require different measurement definitions.", "The domain code ACT.PRC does not establish which technical sense the registry intends.", "A usable numerical specification must identify frequency or wavelength, reference configuration, measurement conditions and applicable standard edition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Insertion loss this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Electrical and radio-frequency insertion loss", "Optical insertion loss", "Acoustic insertion loss" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Insertion loss this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "IEC 61300-3-4, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, specifies attenuation measurement methods for fibre-optic interconnecting devices and passive components.", "ITU-T G.650.1, issued by the International Telecommunication Union, defines linear deterministic attributes of single-mode optical fibre and cable and associated test methods." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Insertion loss this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Allocating losses among cables, connectors, splices and passive devices in optical link budgets.", "Assessing filters, switches, attenuators and interconnects in radio-frequency signal paths.", "Checking installed cabling against transmission requirements.", "Evaluating the effectiveness of silencers, barriers and other acoustic treatments under specified installation conditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Insertion loss this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Power-based insertion loss, calculated as 10 log10(P_reference / P_inserted)", "typical_range": "No universal range; depends on the component, frequency or wavelength, and reference configuration.", "unit": "dB" }, { "quantity": "Acoustic insertion loss, measured as the sound level without the treatment minus the sound level with it", "typical_range": "Installation- and frequency-dependent; can be negative in some frequency bands.", "unit": "dB" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Insertion loss this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Excessive insertion loss can leave a receiver with insufficient signal power or inadequate operating margin.", "Impedance mismatch and multiple reflections can make measured loss depend on the source, load and fixture.", "Dirty, damaged or misaligned optical connectors can increase insertion loss.", "Incorrect reference measurements or incomplete fixture correction can produce misleading results.", "A single broadband value can hide narrow frequency bands with excessive loss or poor acoustic attenuation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Insertion loss this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Attenuation", "difference": "Attenuation describes a reduction along a path or through a medium; insertion loss specifically compares configurations with and without an inserted element." }, { "name": "Return loss", "difference": "Return loss compares incident and reflected power at a port; insertion loss measures the change in transmission." }, { "name": "Transmission coefficient S21", "difference": "S21 is a complex scattering parameter; its magnitude gives insertion loss as -20 log10(|S21|) under appropriate matched reference conditions." }, { "name": "Acoustic transmission loss", "difference": "Transmission loss characterizes incident versus transmitted acoustic power under specified conditions; acoustic insertion loss compares receiver levels before and after installation." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Insertion loss this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.insertion-loss intentionally cover electrical, optical and acoustic usage, or does its original registry provenance establish a narrower scope?", "Which standards and editions should govern the distinct operational definitions, especially acoustic insertion loss versus transmission loss?", "Should the ACT / ACT.PRC placement describe the assessment activity, or should this entry be related to a separate quantity model while retaining its registry identity?", "What reference-method metadata is necessary to compare optical insertion-loss results obtained with different reference-cord arrangements?", "Which domain-specific criteria should govern negative insertion-loss results and the validity of adding component losses in a cascade?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }