{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:52:27Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T19:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:46:50+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q9668634",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.reissner-nordstr-m-black-hole",
    "name": "Reissner–Nordström black hole",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.SPC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9668634/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.reissner-nordstr-m-black-hole",
    "name": "Reissner–Nordström black hole",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Reissner-Nordstrom solution, its structure and limits, its place among black hole solutions, and its theoretical significance with attribution.",
    "definition": "A solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations describing a non-rotating black hole with mass and electric charge, found by Reissner and Nordstrom, with two horizons whose separation depends on the charge and an extremal limit where they coincide; it is a theoretical model since astrophysical black holes are expected to be nearly neutral, but it is important in gravitational theory.",
    "what_it_is_for": "General relativity and theoretical physics.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the metric and its horizons",
      "compare with Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions",
      "explain extremal and naked singularity limits",
      "describe its theoretical uses"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Mass and charge",
      "Inner and outer horizons",
      "Extremal limit",
      "Theoretical"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not observed; a mathematical solution.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Charged, non-rotating black hole",
      "Two horizons",
      "Kerr black holes rotate; Schwarzschild ones are neutral and static"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Mass",
        "unit": "kg",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Mass is a parameter of the theoretical solution inferred from its gravitational field at large distances, with no established observed population range."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Electric charge",
        "unit": "C",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Charge is a parameter of the theoretical solution determined from its electric flux, with its allowed black hole magnitude constrained by the mass."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Angular momentum",
        "unit": "kg m2/s",
        "typical_range": "Exactly zero.",
        "note": "Angular momentum vanishes by definition because this solution describes a non-rotating black hole."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "sub-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes",
      "extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes",
      "super-extremal naked singularity solutions",
      "Kerr-Newman generalisation with rotation"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "charged black hole",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "generalises",
        "target": "Schwarzschild black hole",
        "why": "neutral case"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "black star",
        "why": "alternative object"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "boson star",
        "why": "other theoretical object"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No regulation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Presenting it as astrophysically common",
      "Confusing horizons and singularities"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the Reissner-Nordstrom solution, its horizons and the extremal case, citing physics texts.",
        "State that astrophysical black holes are expected to carry little or no charge."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present the charged black hole as an observed astrophysical object.",
        "Present speculation about its interior, such as travel to other universes, as established physics.",
        "Misattribute the solution or its history."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing educational material that presents speculative interpretations."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Popular accounts of black holes can blur theory and fact; accuracy protects learners."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Students and readers",
        "Physicists whose work is cited"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the solution; it belongs to general relativity.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q9668634: Reissner–Nordström black hole",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9668634",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Reissner–Nordström black hole",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6m_black_hole",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "solution",
        "name": "Solution",
        "description": "The metric.",
        "rationale": "Mass and charge.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "metric",
            "name": "Metric",
            "description": "Structure.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "metric-finding",
                "name": "Metric",
                "description": "Structure.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the Reissner-Nordstrom metric, and how do mass and charge enter it?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Where are the two horizons?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "Discovery.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "Discovery.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who found the solution, and when?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How did it fit into early general relativity?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "name": "Limits",
        "description": "Extremal and beyond.",
        "rationale": "Charge versus mass.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "extremal",
            "name": "Extremal",
            "description": "Extremal case.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "extremal-finding",
                "name": "Extremal",
                "description": "Extremal case.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What happens when charge equals mass in geometric units?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Why are extremal black holes important in theory?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "naked",
            "name": "Naked",
            "description": "Naked singularities.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "naked-finding",
                "name": "Naked",
                "description": "Naked singularities.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What does the super-extremal case imply, and what does cosmic censorship say?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the debate presented with attribution?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "compare",
        "name": "Compare",
        "description": "Other solutions.",
        "rationale": "Family of black holes.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "family",
            "name": "Family",
            "description": "Schwarzschild, Kerr, Kerr-Newman.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "family-finding",
                "name": "Family",
                "description": "Family.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does Reissner-Nordstrom relate to the Schwarzschild, Kerr and Kerr-Newman solutions?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What does the no-hair theorem say?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "astro",
            "name": "Astro",
            "description": "Astrophysical relevance.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "astro-finding",
                "name": "Astro",
                "description": "Astrophysical relevance.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why are astrophysical black holes expected to be nearly neutral?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Could charged black holes exist briefly?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Study.",
        "rationale": "Resources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Plain language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Plain explanation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can the charged black hole be explained simply and accurately?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which caveats apply?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "resources",
            "name": "Resources",
            "description": "Textbooks.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "resources-finding",
                "name": "Resources",
                "description": "Textbooks.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which textbooks and reviews cover the solution?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which derivations are accessible?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should black hole solutions be a single entry?",
    "How should textbooks be linked?",
    "How should cosmic censorship debates be attributed?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}