{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T21:32:35Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:47:50+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:03+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q9779",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.alphabet",
    "name": "alphabet",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9779/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.alphabet",
    "name": "alphabet",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain alphabets and their kinds, describe specific alphabets and their histories, support learning and transliteration, and separate extended senses.",
    "definition": "A standardised set of letters representing the sounds of a language, ordered conventionally, such as the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Georgian and Arabic scripts and their language-specific alphabets, together with derived systems such as phonetic alphabets, spelling alphabets, Morse code and, by extension, symbol sets such as the genetic alphabet; alphabets are segmental writing systems distinct from syllabaries and logographic scripts.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Writing languages with letters.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain alphabet types",
      "describe a specific alphabet",
      "support learning and transliteration",
      "separate extended senses"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Segmental",
      "Ordered",
      "Language-adapted",
      "Historically related"
    ],
    "appearance": "Ordered sets of letters.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Letters for sounds",
      "Conventional order",
      "Syllabaries represent syllables; abjads omit most vowels"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Latin-script alphabets",
      "Cyrillic and Greek alphabets",
      "Georgian and Armenian scripts",
      "Arabic-script alphabets as abjads",
      "phonetic, spelling and code alphabets"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "writing system",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "segmental writing system",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "letter",
        "why": "the units"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Swedish",
        "why": "a language with its own alphabet"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Unicode and character encoding standards",
      "Transliteration standards",
      "Spelling alphabet standards such as the NATO alphabet"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing script and alphabet",
      "Encoding problems",
      "Inconsistent transliteration"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Write, convert and transliterate text between alphabets following a stated standard.",
        "Explain the history and structure of an alphabet, citing sources.",
        "Use the spelling alphabet in use by the service being contacted."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Confuse a script with a language's alphabet when describing a writing system.",
        "Transliterate names inconsistently on official or identity documents.",
        "Corrupt text through wrong character encodings and present the result as correct.",
        "Mock or rank alphabets or the communities who use them."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing the official spelling of a person's name in records."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Alphabets and scripts are tied to identity; suppressing them has been used against minorities.",
        "Inconsistent transliteration of names can deny people access to services."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Speakers and writers of the language",
        "People whose names are transliterated",
        "Learners"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: held in common by its users, with language academies setting standard forms.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q9779: alphabet",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9779",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Alphabet",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "Which alphabet.",
        "rationale": "Scripts.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "which",
            "name": "Which",
            "description": "Identifying a script.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "which-finding",
                "name": "Which",
                "description": "Identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which alphabet or script is this text written in, and which language does it likely represent?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do alphabets, abjads, abugidas and syllabaries differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "specific",
            "name": "Specific",
            "description": "A specific alphabet.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "specific-finding",
                "name": "Specific",
                "description": "Specific alphabet.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the letters, order and history of this alphabet, according to linguistic sources?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits it?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Learning and writing.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "learn",
            "name": "Learn",
            "description": "Learning an alphabet.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "learn-finding",
                "name": "Learn",
                "description": "Learning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can this alphabet be learned, including letter forms, sounds and handwriting?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which resources exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "transliterate",
            "name": "Transliterate",
            "description": "Transliteration.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "transliterate-finding",
                "name": "Transliterate",
                "description": "Transliteration.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is this name or text transliterated between alphabets, and which standard applies?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is it encoded in Unicode?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "Origins.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "origins",
            "name": "Origins",
            "description": "History of alphabets.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origins-finding",
                "name": "Origins",
                "description": "Origins.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did alphabets develop from early Semitic scripts, and how are they related?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which alphabets were invented deliberately?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "reform",
            "name": "Reform",
            "description": "Reforms and politics.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "reform-finding",
                "name": "Reform",
                "description": "Reforms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How have alphabet reforms and script changes been decided, and what positions surround them, attributed to whom?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "senses",
        "name": "Senses",
        "description": "Extended senses.",
        "rationale": "Disambiguation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "codes",
            "name": "Codes",
            "description": "Phonetic and code alphabets.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "codes-finding",
                "name": "Codes",
                "description": "Code alphabets.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is a phonetic alphabet, spelling alphabet, Morse code or the genetic alphabet meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can writing systems be taught comparatively?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each alphabet be a separate entry?",
    "How should Unicode charts be linked?",
    "How should extended senses be split?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}