{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:36:46Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:49:40+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: WordNet gloss",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-REMAINDER-2",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.remainder-2",
    "name": "remainder",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QTY"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/remainder-2/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.remainder-2",
    "name": "remainder",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the remainder as the result of subtraction, distinguish it from the division remainder, compute differences and margins, and support arithmetic learning.",
    "definition": "The number left after subtracting one number from another, that is the difference that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend, and in related uses the amount remaining after a deduction, such as a height difference in surveying or a solvency margin in finance; this sense of remainder in subtraction is distinct from the remainder left after division, though both express what is left over.",
    "what_it_is_for": "The result of subtraction.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the concept",
      "distinguish from division remainder",
      "compute differences and margins",
      "support learning"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Subtraction result",
      "Difference",
      "Applied margins",
      "Elementary arithmetic"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a number.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Minuend minus subtrahend",
      "What is left after taking away",
      "The division remainder is what is left after dividing"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "arithmetic difference",
      "height differences and denivelations",
      "margins such as solvency margin",
      "remaining amounts after deductions"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "number",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "difference",
        "why": "the general relation"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "output",
        "why": "quantities compared by difference"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "unit cost",
        "why": "margins over cost"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Arithmetic conventions and terminology",
      "Financial regulation defining solvency margins"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing subtraction and division remainders",
      "Sign errors",
      "Confusing minuend and subtrahend"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Compute differences, labelling minuend and subtrahend.",
        "Distinguish the subtraction remainder from the division remainder."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Confuse the division remainder with the difference.",
        "Report a difference with the sign reversed.",
        "Mark a learner wrong over a terminology difference."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Using computed differences in survey or financial records."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Small arithmetic errors in records can cost people money."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Learners",
        "Surveyors"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; it is held in common by mathematics.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "oewn",
      "title": "Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13751346-n",
      "url": "https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13751346-n",
      "what_it_supports": "sense and gloss of the concept",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    },
    {
      "id": "wiktionary-en",
      "title": "Wiktionary: remainder",
      "url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/remainder",
      "what_it_supports": "word senses and usage",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What the remainder is.",
        "rationale": "Arithmetic.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition and terms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the minuend, subtrahend and remainder in subtraction, and how does the remainder check the subtraction?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the subtraction remainder or the division remainder meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "properties",
            "name": "Properties",
            "description": "Properties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "properties-finding",
                "name": "Properties",
                "description": "Properties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does the remainder behave with negative numbers, and how does subtraction relate to addition?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits subtraction generally?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "compute",
        "name": "Compute",
        "description": "Computing remainders.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "calculate",
            "name": "Calculate",
            "description": "Calculation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "calculate-finding",
                "name": "Calculate",
                "description": "Calculation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the remainder when this number is subtracted from that, and how can it be checked?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which mental methods help?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "applied",
            "name": "Applied",
            "description": "Applied remainders.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "applied-finding",
                "name": "Applied",
                "description": "Applied.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are height differences in surveying and margins such as solvency margins computed as remainders?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits solvency regulation?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "teach",
        "name": "Teach",
        "description": "Teaching subtraction.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "methods",
            "name": "Methods",
            "description": "Teaching methods.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "methods-finding",
                "name": "Methods",
                "description": "Methods.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is subtraction taught, including borrowing and complementary methods?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "language",
            "name": "Language",
            "description": "Terminology.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "language-finding",
                "name": "Language",
                "description": "Terminology.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do the terms remainder and difference differ in usage across curricula and languages?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of subtraction.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did subtraction methods and terminology develop historically?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits history of arithmetic?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "computing",
            "name": "Computing",
            "description": "Subtraction in computing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "computing-finding",
                "name": "Computing",
                "description": "Computing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is subtraction performed in computers, and what are overflow and underflow?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits computer arithmetic?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should the division remainder be linked?",
    "How should surveying uses be linked?",
    "How should financial margins be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}