{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:26:00Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:25:31+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:35+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: WordNet gloss",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-VOICE-RELATION",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.voice-relation",
    "name": "voice",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.REL"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/voice-relation/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.voice-relation",
    "name": "voice",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain grammatical voice, help writers choose active or passive appropriately, compare languages, and separate the vocal and opinion senses of voice.",
    "definition": "In grammar, the relation between the action of a verb and its participants, expressed by forms such as the active voice (the subject acts), the passive voice (the subject is acted upon) and the middle voice in some languages.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Grammar, writing and language learning.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify active, passive and middle voice",
      "convert sentences between voices",
      "decide when passive is appropriate",
      "separate other senses of voice"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Relates subject and action",
      "Active, passive, middle",
      "Marked differently across languages",
      "Affects emphasis"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; visible in verb forms and sentence structure.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Forms such as was written by",
      "Middle voice forms in some languages",
      "Tense and mood are different grammatical categories"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "active voice",
      "passive voice",
      "middle voice",
      "antipassive and other voices",
      "impersonal passives"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "grammatical category",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "agreement-relation",
        "why": "grammar"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is studied in",
        "target": "syntax",
        "why": "field"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "voice (sound)",
        "why": "another sense"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Style guides and plain language guidance"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Treating passive as always wrong",
      "Hiding responsibility with agentless passives",
      "Mistranslating voice"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Identify active, passive and middle voice in a text and explain the difference.",
        "Suggest rewording when an agentless passive hides who is responsible."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Treat the passive voice as an error in itself.",
        "Rewrite a legal, medical or scientific text so that responsibility shifts to a different party.",
        "Mistranslate voice in a way that changes who acted."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Changing the voice in official statements, contracts or apologies."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Agentless passives can hide responsibility, as in mistakes were made.",
        "Style rules on voice differ across languages and should not be imposed as universal."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Readers",
        "Writers and translators",
        "People whose actions are described"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; speakers and writers of each language use it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "oewn",
      "title": "Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13825132-n",
      "url": "https://en-word.net/id/oewn-13825132-n",
      "what_it_supports": "sense and gloss of the concept",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    },
    {
      "id": "wiktionary-en",
      "title": "Wiktionary: voice",
      "url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/voice",
      "what_it_supports": "word senses and usage",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "http 200"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "Which voice.",
        "rationale": "Forms signal voice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "form",
            "name": "Form",
            "description": "Verb forms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "form-finding",
                "name": "Form",
                "description": "Voice form.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this sentence in the active, passive or middle voice?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Who is the agent?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "convert",
            "name": "Convert",
            "description": "Changing voice.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "convert-finding",
                "name": "Convert",
                "description": "Converting.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can this sentence be rewritten in the other voice?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does the meaning or emphasis change?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "writing",
        "name": "Writing",
        "description": "Style choices.",
        "rationale": "Both voices have uses.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "choose",
            "name": "Choose",
            "description": "When to use passive.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "choose-finding",
                "name": "Choose",
                "description": "Choosing voice.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When is the passive voice appropriate, such as in scientific methods?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What do style guides recommend?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "clarity",
            "name": "Clarity",
            "description": "Accountability.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "clarity-finding",
                "name": "Clarity",
                "description": "Clarity and accountability.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does an agentless passive hide who is responsible?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can it be made clearer?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "languages",
        "name": "Languages",
        "description": "Comparison.",
        "rationale": "Languages differ.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "compare",
            "name": "Compare",
            "description": "Voice systems.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "compare-finding",
                "name": "Compare",
                "description": "Voice systems.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does this language mark voice, including middle or reflexive forms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which grammar describes it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "translate",
            "name": "Translate",
            "description": "Translation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "translate-finding",
                "name": "Translate",
                "description": "Translation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Should the passive be kept or changed in translation?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is natural in the target language?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "senses",
        "name": "Senses",
        "description": "Disambiguation.",
        "rationale": "Voice has other senses.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "sound",
            "name": "Sound",
            "description": "Vocal sound.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sound-finding",
                "name": "Sound",
                "description": "Vocal sense.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the human voice as sound meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "opinion",
            "name": "Opinion",
            "description": "Having a say.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "opinion-finding",
                "name": "Opinion",
                "description": "Opinion sense.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is voice meant as having a say or expressing opinion?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each voice be a separate entry?",
    "How should language-specific forms be linked?",
    "How should other senses be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}