Published

Evidence / Citation

vr.wm-knw-008 · wm-knw-008-evidence-citation

Model the reified evidential citation: a directed, typed, attributable link from a citing context to a cited source, plus the locator needed to retrieve and re-verify the exact cited material.

World Models Information and virtual systems INF.KNW.EVD

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Classifiers What it is Why it exists Distinguishing features What robots and AI may and may not do Moral aspects Owners Links to other meta-models Identity and identifiers Direct properties Recognition Capabilities and actions Hazards and failure modes Standards and interfaces Context of use Sources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

6 bundles · 13 layers · 24 findings · 100 questions

Evidential Link Identity and Typing The citation as a reified, independently identifiable relationship, what it attaches to, and how its evidential character is typed.

Citation Record Core

Identity of the citation record and its binding to the citing context.

Citation record identity and deduplication

The evidential citation is a first-class record with its own identifier, distinguishable from any other link between the same two endpoints.

Which identifier authoritatively identifies this citation record, and which system masters it? identity
What distinguishes a genuinely new citation record from a duplicate of an existing citing-context-to-source link? definition
Which sub-structures are embedded components of this record rather than separately identified records? composition
Which external citation identifiers may be recorded as equivalents of this record? interoperability

Citing-context binding and locus

What is doing the citing (claim, decision rationale, document passage or data field) and where inside it the citation applies, held as a reference only.

Which citing context does this record attach to, and through what stable reference into its owning model? relationship
Where inside the citing context does the citation apply, and how is that position expressed? composition
May one record serve several citing contexts, and what eligibility rules restrict permitted endpoints? constraint
Which model owns the citing context's own status so that this record never mirrors it? authority

Evidential Typing

Stance, intent, evidence type and the method by which the evidential assertion was produced.

Evidential stance and citation intent

The controlled value characterising whether the cited material supports, challenges, qualifies or merely mentions the citing context, with polarity and direction.

Which controlled stance value characterises this link? classification
Is the inverse assertion also recorded, and who may assert it? relationship
May conflicting stance values coexist on a single record, and how are they disambiguated? constraint
How does each local stance term map to CiTO properties and DataCite relation types, and where does the mapping fail? interoperability

Evidence type and assertion method

What kind of evidence the cited material constitutes, and by what method the evidential link was produced: human curation, automated extraction or model inference.

Which evidence-type class describes the cited material? classification
By what assertion method was this evidential link produced? process
If the link was produced automatically, which tool and model version generated it and with what reported confidence? provenance
What minimum evidence-type granularity must be reached before the record may leave draft state? quality

Cited Source Locator Everything required to identify, retrieve, anchor and re-retrieve the exact cited material.

Source Identification

Which source is cited, by which identifier, and what minimal description travels with it.

Preferred citation identifier and scheme normalization

The identifier that should be used to cite the source, kept distinct from the URI used to access it, with accepted schemes, precedence and normalization rules.

Which persistent identifier is preferred for citing this source, and how was it discovered? identity
Which identifier schemes are accepted and in what precedence order when several exist? classification
What normalization must be applied before identifiers are compared or deduplicated? constraint
What is recorded when the cited source has no persistent identifier at all? exception
How is the access URI kept distinct from the reference URI when the record is exchanged? interoperability

Minimal source descriptor and its non-authority

The smallest description held locally so a citation is intelligible without dereferencing, explicitly marked as a cache rather than the master record.

What is the minimum descriptor set required for a citation to be intelligible without dereferencing the source? definition
Which registry masters the full bibliographic description, and how is the local copy marked as non-authoritative? ownership
When was the cached descriptor last refreshed from its mastering registry, and what staleness is tolerated? temporal
Which source category applies, such as peer-reviewed article, dataset, statute, standard, web page, personal communication or model output? classification

In-Resource Anchoring

Precise location of the cited portion inside the source, and the excerpt reproduced from it.

Anchor selectors and granularity

One or more selectors, optionally refined in a chain, that locate the cited portion within the retrieved representation, including non-textual regions.

Which selector types anchor the cited portion, and in what refinement order? composition
For non-textual sources, how is the cited region expressed? spatial
How many independent redundant selectors are required so the anchor survives reformatting of the source? constraint
How is a selector validated against a retrieved representation, and what counts as a successful re-anchor? validation
What is recorded when the source cannot be anchored more precisely than the whole resource? exception

Excerpt, quotation context and transformation

The material actually reproduced from the source, with surrounding context, language, transformation status and reproduction limits.

What exact excerpt is reproduced as the evidential material, and with what surrounding context? evidence
What length and licence limits constrain reproducing this excerpt in the record? constraint
Is the excerpt verbatim, normalized, translated or paraphrased, and how is that transformation declared? quality
Does the excerpt contain personal or special-category data requiring masking before storage or export? privacy

Consulted Representation State and Retrievability

Which representation of the source was consulted, and whether the locator still resolves to equivalent content.

Consulted representation state

Binding of the citation to the specific representation consulted: access datetime, version, archived snapshot and the request conditions that produced it.

At what instant was the cited representation retrieved, expressed with an explicit offset? temporal
Which representation state was consulted: live current, a named version, or an archived snapshot? state
Which request conditions were needed to obtain that representation? provenance
Which archived snapshot and time gate correspond to the consulted state? relationship
How long must the captured representation be retained for the citation to stay re-verifiable? retention

Locator resolution health and content drift

Whether the identifier still resolves, whether the anchored content is still present and unchanged, and how link rot and drift are recorded.

What resolution and re-anchor outcome was observed at the most recent check? measurement
How often is resolution re-checked and when is the next check due? temporal
Which fallback locators apply when the primary identifier fails to resolve? exception
Which health state is currently asserted for this locator? state

Evidential Assessment and Contest How much confidence the cited material can carry, what limits it, and how contradiction and adverse source status are recorded without adjudicating.

Certainty and Limitations

Binding of an external rating scheme and recording of assessed limitations.

Certainty rating binding and limitation domains

How much confidence the cited material provides for this citing context, expressed on an externally governed scheme with per-domain limitation results.

Which rating scheme and scale value express the certainty this evidence provides for the citing context? measurement
Which body owns the rating scheme definition, and which version is bound here? authority
Which limitation domains were assessed and with what result? quality
Under what conditions may a certainty value be asserted without a completed limitation assessment? constraint
Who performed the assessment, when, and was the assessor independent of the citing author? provenance

Contest and Cited-Source Status

Cross-references to opposing evidence, and dated observations about the cited source's editorial status.

Contested flag and counter-evidence references

Recording that other citation records address the same citing context with an opposing stance, without weighing them or reaching a conclusion.

Which other citation records address the same citing context with an opposing stance? relationship
What may this record assert about a contradiction, and what conclusion-drawing is deferred to the citing model? constraint
Is this record currently flagged as contested, and what triggered the flag? state
What procedure raises, reviews and clears a contested flag, and who may run it? process

Cited-source status observation

Dated observations that the cited source has been retracted, withdrawn, corrected, flagged with an expression of concern or superseded, recorded as observations rather than as ownership of the source's lifecycle.

Which status event about the cited source has been observed? event
When did the status event occur at the source, and when was it observed here? temporal
From which authority or feed was the status observation obtained, and what identifier does the notice carry? provenance
What action does an adverse status observation trigger for this record and for the citing context? process

Provenance and Integrity of the Citation Act Who asserted the citation, when, with what tooling, and how the stored evidence is kept tamper-evident and independently verifiable.

Citation Act Provenance

Attribution of the assertion and the distinct times that describe it.

Asserting agent, accountability and activity

Who or what asserted the evidential link, under which role, through which activity, and which organisation is accountable.

Which agent asserted this evidential link and through which activity? provenance
Which organisation is accountable for the assertion, as distinct from the individual or software that made it? ownership
On what declared basis was the asserting agent entitled to make this assertion? authority
Is the asserting agent human, organisational or software, and how is that recorded? classification

Time model: event, observation and ingestion

The distinct time points a citation record must keep apart, their required form, and the validity interval of the assertion.

Which distinct timestamps must be recorded, and how do event time, observation time and ingestion time differ on this record? temporal
What format, precision and offset rules apply to every timestamp in this model? constraint
Over what interval is the evidential assertion held valid, and what ends that interval? lifecycle
How are implausible or out-of-order timestamps detected and rejected? validation

Integrity and Verification

Tamper-evidence over stored evidence, and independent confirmation that the citation still holds.

Fixity of excerpt and capture, and media provenance binding

Digests over the excerpt and the consulted representation computed after a declared canonicalization, plus references to signed media provenance manifests where the cited material is a media asset.

Which digest algorithm and values fix the excerpt and the consulted representation? security
What canonicalization is applied before digesting so that logically equal content yields equal digests? constraint
Where the cited material is a media asset, which provenance manifest and binding are referenced as integrity evidence? evidence
What outcome is recorded when a recomputed digest no longer matches the stored value? validation

Independent verification of the citation

Confirmation that the citation still resolves, still anchors and still bears the stance asserted, kept distinct from cryptographic proof and from the original assertion.

What verification was performed, by whom, and with what outcome? validation
Which verification depth was applied, from identifier resolution through anchor match to confirmation that the excerpt bears the asserted stance? process
Who is accountable for a failed verification and what remediation is expected? ownership
How long does a verification remain valid before re-verification is required? temporal

Record Lifecycle and Governance States and transitions of the citation record itself, its versioning, its stewardship, and its disposition.

Record Lifecycle

Permitted states, transitions, versioning and supersession of the citation record.

Citation record states and transitions

The states a citation record may occupy, the permitted transitions between them, and what becomes immutable on assertion.

Which states may a citation record occupy and which transitions between them are permitted? lifecycle
What is the current state, and which reason code and actor produced the last transition? state
Which fields become immutable once the record reaches the asserted state? constraint
How is a record handled when its cited source becomes permanently unavailable? exception

Versioning and supersession

How corrections produce new versions, how predecessors stay resolvable, and how change is attributed.

Is a correction expressed as an in-place update or as a new version that supersedes the prior record? lifecycle
Which record supersedes this one and which does this one supersede? relationship
What change reason, actor and timestamp are recorded for each version? provenance
Must a superseded record remain resolvable, and for how long? constraint

Governance and Disposition

Stewardship, declared authority, retention class binding and the surviving stub after disposition.

Ownership, stewardship and declared authority basis

Which parties own and maintain the record, and on what externally held basis actions on it are permitted. Declaration only, never enforcement.

Which party owns this citation record and which party maintains it operationally? ownership
Which declared authority basis permits assertion, verification, supersession and withdrawal, and where is that basis held? authority
Who resolves a dispute between the asserting agent and a reviewer over a citation's stance? decision
What review cadence and reviewer independence are required for high-consequence citations? constraint

Retention class, disposition state and surviving stub

How long the record, excerpt and captures are kept and how removal is expressed without breaking citing contexts or destroying re-verifiability.

Which retention class applies to the record, the excerpt and the capture, and who owns that schedule? retention
How is a takedown, licence expiry or legal hold expressed on this record? exception
What minimum stub must survive disposition so that citing contexts do not become dangling references? constraint
Which parts of the record may be redacted while the locator and fixity values are preserved? privacy

Interoperability, Exchange and Access How citation records map to external vocabularies, how they are exchanged, and how sensitivity is declared.

Vocabulary Alignment

Declared mappings to external standards with strength, evidence and recorded conflicts.

External vocabulary alignment and conformance evidence

Term-by-term mappings from local stance, evidence-type and relation vocabularies to external standards, with mapping strength, supporting evidence and known conflicts.

Which external terms does each local term map to, and with what mapping strength? interoperability
What evidence supports each conformance or alignment claim, and against which target version was it tested? evidence
Which local terms have no defensible external equivalent and must remain local? constraint
Who authored and last reviewed the alignment, and when? provenance

Exchange and Access

Profile obligations for exchanging records, and the sensitivity declarations that travel with them.

Exchange profile obligations and extension rules

Which elements are mandatory, conditional or optional for interoperable exchange, how extensions are carried, and what test establishes conformance, independent of serialization.

Which elements are mandatory, conditional or optional in an interoperable citation record? requirement
Which profile constraints must every serialization projection satisfy? interoperability
How are vendor or unknown extensions carried without breaking consumers? constraint
What conformance test determines that an exchanged record satisfies the profile? validation

Sensitivity, embargo and disclosure scope

Classification of the record, its excerpt and its captures, together with embargo and licence conditions restricting disclosure. Labels and references only.

What sensitivity classification applies to the record, the excerpt and the capture, and who may read each? access
Which excerpt content must be masked or withheld when the record leaves its origin? privacy
Which embargo, licence or confidentiality condition temporarily restricts disclosure, and when does it lapse? exception
May a locator be disclosed when the excerpt may not, and how is that partial disclosure expressed? constraint

Classifiers Filled

Family: World Models
Category: Information and virtual systems
Entry kind: relationship
Navigation path: NAV.INF.KNW.EVD
Domain: INF.KNW.EVD
Industry: Cross-industry
Tags: evidencecitationinf.knw.evd

What it is Filled

Defines the evidential citation as an independently identifiable relationship record. Covers citing-context binding, evidential stance (support, challenge, qualification, neutral mention), evidence type and assertion method, the source locator (preferred citation identifier, access URI, in-resource anchor, consulted representation state), integrity and provenance of the citation act, binding of an external certainty scheme, record lifecycle and supersession, and interoperability profiles. Storage- and interface-neutral: JSON, RDF, Markdown, Git, MCP and document stores are projections. It masters neither endpoint: the citing claim or decision, and the cited work, are governed elsewhere.

In scope

Reified citation record identity, deduplication and the directed citing-context to cited-source link
Typed evidential stance and rhetorical intent, with polarity and direction
Evidence type and assertion method, including human curation versus automated or model-derived extraction
Source locator: preferred citation identifier distinguished from access URI, with scheme normalization
In-resource anchoring by selector chains, plus excerpt, quotation context and transformation status
Consulted representation state: access datetime, version identifier, archived snapshot and request conditions
Locator resolution health, link rot and content drift detection
Binding of an externally governed certainty rating scheme and its per-domain limitation results
Provenance of the citation act, with event, observation and ingestion times kept separate
Fixity of excerpts and captures, and references to signed media provenance manifests
Citation record lifecycle states, supersession and versioning
Dated observations of the cited source's status such as retraction or expression of concern
Alignment declarations, exchange profiles and sensitivity classification of the record and its excerpt

Out of scope

Claim wording, decomposition, truth status and lifecycle, which belong to WM-KNW-007
Decision options, criteria, deliberation and decision lifecycle, which belong to WM-KNW-010
Aggregation of multiple evidence items into a verdict, belief revision, or argument-scheme structure
Canonical bibliographic description and the publication lifecycle of the cited work
Web archive capture scheduling, storage and preservation execution
Rendering of style-specific formatted reference strings and bibliographies
Runtime access evaluation, enforcement and audit-trail records
Execution of retention schedules, erasure and legal-hold determination
Publisher or author trust and reputation scoring as a managed registry
Signing and cryptographic validation of media provenance manifests
Bibliometric citation counting and impact analytics

Why it exists Filled

Model the reified evidential citation: a directed, typed, attributable link from a citing context to a cited source, plus the locator needed to retrieve and re-verify the exact cited material.

Distinguishing features Filled

A typed, attributable link from a citing context to a cited source with a precise locator.
Never restates or caches the cited content as authoritative.
Unlike a bibliographic record, it does not describe the work as a publication.
Unlike a claim, it carries no truth status of its own.

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

Fabricate a citation or a locator.
Store excerpts beyond licence or privacy limits.
Present generated citations without marking the method, tool and model version.
Treat cited content as authoritative copy.
Claim conformance without a dated test result.

Only with a human decision

Resolving disputes over whether a source supports a claim.
Approving use of restricted excerpts.

May

Mint a citation record and resolve its locator.
Anchor an excerpt within licence limits.
Re-verify a citation and detect drift in the cited source.
Classify the evidential link and assess certainty.

Moral aspects Filled

Fabricated or wrong citations mislead readers and damage trust in research.
Authors' copyright and moral rights must be respected in excerpts.
Cited personal material may need privacy protection.

Who is affected

Authors of cited works
Readers relying on citations
People mentioned in cited material

Owners Filled

Steward

The owning package must declare the stance, evidence-type and certainty vocabularies it binds, each with a resolvable reference and an explicit version.

Roles

Citation asserter: Create citation records with a resolving citing-context reference, a stance value and a locator; Declare the assertion method and, for automated assertion, the tool and model version; Capture the excerpt within licence and privacy limits, or record why it was suppressed
Evidence verifier: Re-resolve locators, re-apply selectors and compare digests; Confirm or reject the asserted stance and record a dated verification report; Raise contested and drift flags without altering the citing context
Vocabulary and alignment steward: Maintain the bound stance, evidence-type and certainty vocabularies and their versions; Own the crosswalks to external vocabularies and record conflicts and round-trip losses; Re-test conformance claims whenever a target vocabulary version changes
Record owner: Accept accountability for the record, its review cadence and its disposition state; Approve supersession and withdrawal; Resolve disputes over stance through the declared escalation path
Locator custodian: Schedule and interpret resolution health checks; Register fallback locators and archived snapshot references; Escalate link rot and content drift to the record owner

Links to other meta-models Filled

references

WM-KNW-007 Claim / Assertion - Carry a resolving reference to the claim that is supported or challenged, plus the locus within it. Claim wording, decomposition, truth status and lifecycle stay in the claim model and are never mirrored here.
WM-KNW-010 Decision rationale - Let a rationale step point at citation records for explainability. Options, criteria, deliberation and decision lifecycle remain owned by the decision model.
Party / Agent model - Resolve asserting agents, verifiers, accountable organisations and responsible parties instead of mastering person or organisation records in this model.
Bibliographic source-work registry (DataCite, Crossref or equivalent) - Dereference full bibliographic metadata and identifier authority for the cited work. Only a non-authoritative minimal descriptor with a refresh timestamp is cached locally.
Web archiving service conforming to the Memento framework - Record archived snapshot and time gate URIs with archive datetimes. Capture scheduling, storage and preservation actions remain with the archiving service.
Adopting-Dimension access policy and audit service - Hold sensitivity labels and policy references only. Request evaluation, enforcement and audit-trail records are owned entirely by that service; referencing an audit event confers no ownership of audit semantics.
Adopting-Dimension records retention and disposition service - Bind a retention class, receive disposition instructions and read legal-hold status. Schedule ownership, hold determination and erasure execution stay outside this model.

aligned

CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology - Map local stance values onto CiTO citation properties and adopt its reified citation pattern. Alignment only, with conflicts and unmapped terms recorded.
W3C PROV-O - Express the citation act as entity, activity and agent for provenance interchange, without importing a general provenance graph for the wider knowledge base.
W3C Web Annotation Data Model - Adopt the selector, refinement and state patterns for in-resource anchoring and consulted-representation binding, normalising timestamps at the boundary.
DataCite Metadata Schema relationType vocabulary - Map citation direction, versioning and obsolescence relations onto a governed relation vocabulary for scholarly exchange, recording the loss where challenge stances have no equivalent.
Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO) - Bind evidence-type and assertion-method values, declaring local extension terms explicitly where the target's biomedical scope does not reach.
GRADE certainty-of-evidence framework - Bind an externally governed certainty scale and its rate-down and rate-up domains as an assessment scheme, without redefining or extending the scheme itself.
C2PA Content Credentials - Reference signed media provenance manifests and their hard or soft bindings as integrity evidence for media excerpts. Signing, certificate handling and validation are performed by that system.
NISO RP-45-2024 CREC - Align cited-source status observations with the recommended retraction, removal and expression-of-concern metadata and its propagation to citing works.
schema.org ClaimReview - Map web-publication fact-check linkage, making explicit that the verdict rating sits with the citing claim model while only stance is carried here.

neighbor

WM-KNW-007 Claim / Assertion - The claim model owns claim identity, text, decomposition, status and lifecycle. This model holds only a resolving reference to the claim and a locus within it, and never mirrors or versions claim status.
WM-KNW-010 Decision rationale - The decision model owns options, criteria, rationale structure and decision lifecycle. This model supplies citation records that a rationale step points at; it models no deliberation and reaches no conclusion.
Bibliographic source-work registry (DataCite, Crossref or equivalent) - Registries master full bibliographic metadata and identifier authority. This model holds a cached, explicitly non-authoritative minimal descriptor with a refresh timestamp, sufficient to make a citation intelligible without dereferencing.
Web archiving and preservation service - This model records memento and timegate URIs, archive datetimes and digests. Capture scheduling, storage tiers and preservation actions are external.
General provenance graph (PROV-O) - Provenance patterns are used for the citation act only. A whole-of-knowledge-base activity and agent graph is a separate concern and is not constructed here.
Argumentation and inference model - This model records one typed evidential link with stance and certainty. Multi-premise schemes, defeaters, weighting and aggregation are not modelled.
Adopting-Dimension access policy and audit service - Only sensitivity labels and policy references are held here. Evaluation of a request, enforcement and the audit trail are owned entirely by that service; referencing an audit event grants no ownership of audit semantics.
Media provenance system (C2PA) - Signed manifests and hard or soft bindings are referenced as integrity evidence for media excerpts. Signing, certificate handling and validation are performed by that system.
Records retention and disposition service - This model records a retention class reference, disposition state and tombstone stub. Schedule ownership, legal-hold determination and erasure execution stay with the adopting Dimension.

parent

WM-KNW-007

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Sources Filled

Web Annotation Data Model - World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
PROV-O: The PROV Ontology - World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology - SPAR Ontologies (Silvio Peroni and David Shotton)
RFC 3339: Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps - Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
RFC 8574: cite-as: A Link Relation to Convey a Preferred URI for Referencing - IETF / RFC Editor (Independent Submission)
RFC 7089: HTTP Framework for Time-Based Access to Resource States -- Memento - Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6, Appendix relationType - DataCite
Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0 - World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO) - OBO Foundry / Evidence Ontology project
GRADE Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations - GRADE Working Group
Content Credentials: C2PA Technical Specification - Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA)
ClaimReview (schema.org type) - schema.org
NISO RP-45-2024, Communication of Retractions, Removals, and Expressions of Concern (CREC) - National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

Open questions

Pin a resolvable ECO release IRI or dated version for SRC-009 and record the derivation rule for the surrogate version token used in the crosswalk artifact key.
Resolve the CiTO version discrepancy (2.8.2 in the current SPAR build versus 2.8.1 dated 16 February 2018 in secondary indexes) against the namespace itself and record which build the stance mapping was tested against.
Verify whether any later IETF specification updates or profiles RFC 3339 in a way that affects the declared timestamp rule, particularly the -00:00 convention and the RFC 1123 conversion at the Memento protocol boundary.
Define the normalized deduplication key and its interaction with q-cri-definition, then re-test it against the case of two opposing-stance records over the same citing context.
Determine how the unconditional survival of excerpt digests through redaction interacts with erasure obligations over short special-category excerpts, and whether a salted or truncated fixity form preserves re-verifiability without preserving a checkable value.
Assign ownership and a procedure for raising, reviewing and clearing the contested flag, and reconcile it with the Evidence verifier role responsibilities before any function is added in a future multi-provider pass.
Specify the alignment authoring and conformance re-test path required by the compatibility rule and the Vocabulary and alignment steward role, which currently has no covering function.
Identify an authoritative source for jurisdiction-neutral chain-of-custody and admissibility duties, or confirm the gap is unclosable from any defensible source set, before the legal-admissibility checklist row is revisited.
Establish whether the schema.org ClaimReview verdict rating sits with the review or with the citing claim model, and record the decision explicitly in the crosswalk as the conflicts list requires.
No model of citation counting or bibliometric aggregation; these are downstream analytics over citation records, not evidential context.
No jurisdiction-specific chain-of-custody or admissibility model for legal or forensic evidence, which would impose custody, sealing and disclosure duties this model does not express.
Multilingual coverage stops at language tagging and a transformation flag; transliteration, script variants and original-to-translation alignment below sentence level are absent.
Citations to inherently non-retrievable sources such as personal communications, oral testimony and embargoed internal documents are supported only at whole-resource granularity with a descriptor and no persistent identifier.
Rights and licensing of the cited source are referenced but not modelled; machine-enforceable reuse terms would require a separate rights model.
Confidence values reported by automated extractors are stored as opaque numbers with a declared scale but no governed calibration methodology.
No model of evidence sampling or corpus construction, so systematic selection bias across a set of citations cannot be detected from these records alone.

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification AGENTS.md Source Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

world-models research · reviewable-draft

Built from: models/wm-knw-008-evidence-citation/spec.yaml, ver-cy/world-models/card-supplements/wm-knw-008-evidence-citation.json