Land Parcel
Represent an authoritative or proposed land-administration spatial unit with stable identity, direct geometry, boundary evidence, lifecycle and legal-context links independent of format.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
6 bundles · 12 layers · 24 findings · 72 questions
Identity, class and jurisdiction Identifies one parcel within its land-administration authority and legal context.
Parcel master identity
Stable identifiers, aliases and register context.
Authoritative parcel identifier, register and jurisdiction
National cadastral reference, issuing authority, register, namespace, local identifiers and resolution state.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for authoritative parcel identifier, register and jurisdiction? identity
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes authoritative parcel identifier, register and jurisdiction, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may authoritative parcel identifier, register and jurisdiction be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Parcel type, status, label, address and aliases
Profile-qualified class and lifecycle status plus non-authoritative labels, address links and historic aliases.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for parcel type, status, label, address and aliases? classification
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes parcel type, status, label, address and aliases, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may parcel type, status, label, address and aliases be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Legal spatial-unit boundary
Distinguishes the parcel from neighboring concepts and legal relations.
Spatial-unit level, dimensionality and basic property unit
2D or 3D spatial-unit class, hierarchy, legal-space semantics and optional grouping in a basic property unit.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for spatial-unit level, dimensionality and basic property unit? classification
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes spatial-unit level, dimensionality and basic property unit, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may spatial-unit level, dimensionality and basic property unit be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Parcel versus land, site, address, building, title and interest
Typed non-equivalence and external references preventing inference of ownership or physical occupation from parcel membership.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for parcel versus land, site, address, building, title and interest? relationship
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes parcel versus land, site, address, building, title and interest, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may parcel versus land, site, address, building, title and interest be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Geometry, boundary, area and topology Represents direct spatial properties and their authoritative status.
Geometry and coordinate reference
Coordinates, surfaces, volumes and coordinate semantics.
Official, mapped, surveyed and observed geometry
Multiple geometry assertions with role, dimensionality, primitive type, source, valid time and authority.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for official, mapped, surveyed and observed geometry? spatial
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes official, mapped, surveyed and observed geometry, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may official, mapped, surveyed and observed geometry be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
CRS, axis order, epoch, transformation, precision and accuracy
EPSG or other CRS identity and version, axis order, coordinate epoch, transformation path, precision, accuracy and uncertainty.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for crs, axis order, epoch, transformation, precision and accuracy? measurement
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes crs, axis order, epoch, transformation, precision and accuracy, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may crs, axis order, epoch, transformation, precision and accuracy be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Boundary, area and topology
Boundary components, calculated measures and neighbor consistency.
Boundary face string, point, segment and monument
Ordered boundary components, legal or survey role, monuments, natural boundaries, source observations and acceptance state.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for boundary face string, point, segment and monument? composition
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes boundary face string, point, segment and monument, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may boundary face string, point, segment and monument be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Official and calculated area, unit, method and topology
Area or volume value, unit, calculation method, tolerance, discrepancies, adjacency, containment, overlap and gap checks.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for official and calculated area, unit, method and topology? measurement
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes official and calculated area, unit, method and topology, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may official and calculated area, unit, method and topology be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Survey source, quality and evidence Connects parcel assertions to observations, documents and quality controls.
Survey observations and control
Measurements, equipment, reference points and adjustment.
Survey event, method, equipment, observation and adjustment
External survey identity, surveyor authority, method, equipment calibration, raw observation links, network adjustment and residuals.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for survey event, method, equipment, observation and adjustment? evidence
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes survey event, method, equipment, observation and adjustment, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may survey event, method, equipment, observation and adjustment be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Survey point, control, monument, coordinates and recovery
Point identity, role, marker, coordinates, CRS, accuracy, condition, witness references and recovery history.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for survey point, control, monument, coordinates and recovery? spatial
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes survey point, control, monument, coordinates and recovery, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may survey point, control, monument, coordinates and recovery be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Source documents and quality
Administrative and spatial evidence plus fitness for use.
Spatial source, administrative source, plan and instrument
External document identifiers, issuer, date, legal effect, affected parcels, digest, archive and supersession links.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for spatial source, administrative source, plan and instrument? provenance
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes spatial source, administrative source, plan and instrument, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may spatial source, administrative source, plan and instrument be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Completeness, positional, thematic, temporal quality and lineage
Quality scope, measure, result, conformance, capture method, update date, transformation lineage and limitations.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for completeness, positional, thematic, temporal quality and lineage? quality
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes completeness, positional, thematic, temporal quality and lineage, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may completeness, positional, thematic, temporal quality and lineage be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Lifecycle, change and lineage Preserves parcel creation, alteration and successor graph.
State, version and effectivity
Registration and legal-effect states with bitemporal history.
Proposed, pending, registered, superseded, retired and cancelled state
Profile-specific state, deciding authority, reason, legal-effect interval, record time and contest status.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for proposed, pending, registered, superseded, retired and cancelled state? state
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes proposed, pending, registered, superseded, retired and cancelled state, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may proposed, pending, registered, superseded, retired and cancelled state be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Survey event, registration, legal-effect, observation and knowledge time
Distinct time axes, precision, timezone, retrospective effect and source revision.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for survey event, registration, legal-effect, observation and knowledge time? temporal
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes survey event, registration, legal-effect, observation and knowledge time, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may survey event, registration, legal-effect, observation and knowledge time be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Subdivision, consolidation and reparcellation
Authorized predecessor-successor transformations.
Change case, authority, purpose, plan and approval
External case and instrument, initiating party, authority, proposed topology, validation, approval, appeal and effective date.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for change case, authority, purpose, plan and approval? decision
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes change case, authority, purpose, plan and approval, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may change case, authority, purpose, plan and approval be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Predecessor, successor, split, merge, area balance and tombstone
Lineage graph, proportions, residual units, identity allocation, area reconciliation and durable tombstones.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for predecessor, successor, split, merge, area balance and tombstone? lifecycle
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes predecessor, successor, split, merge, area balance and tombstone, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may predecessor, successor, split, merge, area balance and tombstone be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Interests, land context and administration Links legal and operational context without importing neighboring masters.
Rights, restrictions and responsibilities
External legal interests and party relations.
Party, title, right, restriction, responsibility and share reference
Typed external interest, parties, share, rank, spatial extent, validity, source and registration status.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for party, title, right, restriction, responsibility and share reference? relationship
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes party, title, right, restriction, responsibility and share reference, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may party, title, right, restriction, responsibility and share reference be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Possession, occupation, easement, mortgage and dispute reference
External factual or legal relationship references with authority, scope, time and non-ownership caveat.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for possession, occupation, easement, mortgage and dispute reference? relationship
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes possession, occupation, easement, mortgage and dispute reference, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may possession, occupation, easement, mortgage and dispute reference be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Use, cover, planning, value and tax
Contextual projections owned by specialist systems.
Land use, land cover, zoning, permit and environmental context
External classifications and regulated areas with version, authority, geometry relation, time and observed versus permitted distinction.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for land use, land cover, zoning, permit and environmental context? relationship
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes land use, land cover, zoning, permit and environmental context, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may land use, land cover, zoning, permit and environmental context be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Valuation, assessment, tax, charge and market reference
External valuation and fiscal records, basis, date, currency, assessed unit and appeal without treating value as intrinsic parcel identity.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for valuation, assessment, tax, charge and market reference? relationship
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes valuation, assessment, tax, charge and market reference, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may valuation, assessment, tax, charge and market reference be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Interoperability, governance and agent operations Controls mappings, privacy and safe parcel maintenance.
Profiles, projections and access
Versioned exchange and field-sensitive disclosure.
LADM, LandInfra, INSPIRE, GML, GeoSPARQL and GeoJSON projection
Pinned mappings, geometry roles, CRS treatment, omissions, transformed topology, validation and round-trip limits.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for ladm, landinfra, inspire, gml, geosparql and geojson projection? interoperability
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes ladm, landinfra, inspire, gml, geosparql and geojson projection, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may ladm, landinfra, inspire, gml, geosparql and geojson projection be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Public map, owner-sensitive, source and restricted-boundary view
Purpose, audience, exposed identity and precision, masking, expiry, inference risk and legal authority.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for public map, owner-sensitive, source and restricted-boundary view? access
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes public map, owner-sensitive, source and restricted-boundary view, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may public map, owner-sensitive, source and restricted-boundary view be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Safe agent control and validation
Authorized operations, invariants, concurrency and audit.
Agent operation authority, purpose, preconditions and confirmation
Classifies create, survey-link, adjust, split, merge, register, disclose and retire actions as autonomous, propose, confirm or forbidden.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for agent operation authority, purpose, preconditions and confirmation? security
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes agent operation authority, purpose, preconditions and confirmation, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may agent operation authority, purpose, preconditions and confirmation be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Pre-write and post-write validation, conflict, concurrency and recovery
Identity, authority, CRS, geometry, topology, area, time, lineage, interest, access and stale-head checks with rollback evidence.
- What exact values, identifiers, geometry qualifiers and explicit unknowns must be recorded for pre-write and post-write validation, conflict, concurrency and recovery? validation
- Which register, surveyor, authority, source and evidence establishes pre-write and post-write validation, conflict, concurrency and recovery, at what legal, observation and knowledge time, and with what accuracy? evidence
- How may pre-write and post-write validation, conflict, concurrency and recovery be validated, contested, corrected, superseded, retained or disclosed without erasing history or importing a neighboring lifecycle? validation
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- World Models
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- entity
- Navigation path
- NAV.PHY.PLC.PAR
- Domain
- PHY.PLC.PAR
- Industry
- Cross-industry
- Tags
- landparcelphy.plc.par
- Also called
- P2
What it is Filled
Owns parcel identity, class, jurisdiction, status, geometry roles, CRS, boundaries, area, topology, survey and source evidence, quality, lifecycle and provenance. Parties, title, rights, restrictions, responsibilities, address, building, planning, use, valuation and tax remain external.
In scope
- Parcel identity, jurisdiction, class and spatial-unit boundary
- Geometry, CRS, boundary, area, topology, survey evidence and quality
- Registration state, subdivision, consolidation, lineage, context links, projections and safe operations
Out of scope
- Party, ownership, title and legal-interest lifecycles
- Address, building, site, planning, land cover, valuation, taxation and survey-project masters
- Universal cadastral law or legal effect
Why it exists Filled
Represent an authoritative or proposed land-administration spatial unit with stable identity, direct geometry, boundary evidence, lifecycle and legal-context links independent of format.
Distinguishing features Filled
- A spatial unit of land with identity and boundary, not the title or rights over it.
- Geometry is tied to a declared coordinate reference system and survey evidence.
- Subdivision and merger create new parcels with lineage, rather than editing the old ones.
- Differs from address, building and site, which are separate records.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Change boundaries or create parcels.
- Treat a parcel record as proof of ownership.
- Treat digitized map lines as surveyed boundaries.
- Enter private land without permission during inspections.
Only with a human decision
- Subdivision, merger and boundary determination.
- Resolving boundary disputes.
- Registration of survey results.
May
- Read parcel geometry, area and identifiers from the authoritative cadastre.
- Report discrepancies between survey evidence and recorded boundaries.
- Compute area with the CRS and method stated.
Moral aspects Filled
- Land records decide who can live on and use land; errors can dispossess people.
- Customary and informal tenure is often missing from cadastres.
- Combined parcel and owner data can enable profiling of individuals.
Who is affected
- Landholders and occupants
- Neighbours sharing boundaries
- Communities with customary rights
Owners Filled
Steward
Dimension identity, owner, cadastral authority, survey steward and namespace
Roles
- Cadastral authority
- Own legal parcel identity, state and registration effect.
- Licensed survey authority
- Provide attributable boundary observations and quality.
- Parcel registrar
- Maintain identifiers, sources, geometry, state and lineage.
- Rights registry steward
- Master external title and interest records.
- Geospatial quality steward
- Validate CRS, topology, area and transformations.
- Access and records steward
- Apply disclosure, retention and audit policy.
Links to other meta-models Filled
references
- Party, Title, Right, Restriction, Responsibility, Address, Building, Survey, Planning, Valuation and Tax models - Link external legal, physical and administrative context without importing masters.
aligned
- ISO 19152 LADM - Align spatial-unit, source, party and legal-interest references.
- OGC LandInfra and InfraGML - Align land division, parcel, survey and interest projections.
- INSPIRE Cadastral Parcels - Project national cadastral reference, zoning, area, label, geometry and lifecycle metadata.
- GML, GeoSPARQL and GeoJSON - Publish geometry and semantic-spatial views with CRS and mapping-loss declarations.
neighbor
- Title and Ownership - A parcel is a spatial unit; title and ownership are external legal relationships.
- Address and Building - Addresses locate and buildings occupy or relate to land but do not identify the parcel.
- Site and Land - A site is a purpose context and land is physical reality; a parcel is a governed administrative spatial unit.
- Survey - Survey owns observations and evidence; the parcel stores accepted or competing boundary assertions and links.
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Authoritative master-system identifier for the parcel, qualified by register and jurisdiction.
- Governed globally resolvable parcel IRI with register binding.
- Dimension UUID or ULID when no external identifier exists.
Direct properties required Filled
- Area in square metres or hectares, computed in a declared CRS or on the ellipsoid.
- Boundary vertex coordinates with positional accuracy in metres.
- Boundary segment lengths in metres.
- Elevation in metres above a stated vertical datum.
Recognition required Filled
- A parcel is recognised by its parcel identifier, boundary markers, fences and survey plans.
- It is confused with the ownership title, the postal address and adjoining parcels.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- Register parcel: Create authoritative parcel identity, class, jurisdiction and initial legal-effect state.
- Attach parcel geometry: Append a role-qualified geometry with CRS, accuracy, source and time.
- Record boundary evidence: Link points, segments, monuments, survey observations and instruments.
- Validate topology and area: Check closure, validity, overlaps, gaps, adjacency and area reconciliation.
- Propose subdivision or consolidation: Create a change case with predecessor-successor topology and balance.
- Register parcel change: Apply approved split, merge or reparcellation and preserve tombstones.
- Link external interest: Attach a title, right, restriction, responsibility or dispute reference.
- Reconcile geometry assertions: Compare legal, surveyed, mapped and occupied boundaries and record disagreement.
- Issue parcel view: Create a purpose-bound cadastral, map or restricted projection with declared loss.
- Retire parcel: End a parcel through authorized lifecycle action while preserving lineage and tombstone.
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Boundary disputes from inaccurate geometry.
- Building on the wrong land.
- Fraudulent transfers.
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- OGC GeoSPARQL.
- EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset for CRS codes.
- INSPIRE Cadastral Parcels data specification.
- ISO 19111 referencing by coordinates.
Context of use required Filled
- INSPIRE is a European profile.
- LADM and LandInfra provide concepts but do not create jurisdictional legal effect.
- Register authority controls canonical state in each jurisdiction.
Sources Filled
- ISO 19152-1:2024 Land Administration Domain Model, Generic conceptual model - International Organization for Standardization
- OGC Land and Infrastructure Conceptual Model Standard - Open Geospatial Consortium
- OGC InfraGML Part 7, Land Division - Open Geospatial Consortium
- INSPIRE Data Specification on Cadastral Parcels - European Commission INSPIRE
- OGC GeoSPARQL 1.1 - Open Geospatial Consortium
- Geography Markup Language - Open Geospatial Consortium
- EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset - International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
- The GeoJSON Format - Internet Engineering Task Force
- Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps - Internet Engineering Task Force
Open questions
- Approve model identifiers and cardinalities for parties, interests, addresses, buildings, surveys, planning, valuation and tax.
- Develop jurisdiction and specialist profiles for 2D, 3D, strata, customary, informal and marine parcels.
- Create fixtures for wrong-CRS geometry, antimeridian, overlaps, gaps, area discrepancy, boundary conflict, split, merge and retroactive legal effect.
- Validate certified cadastral and geometry projections with CRS, topology, precision, loss and round-trip tests.
- Claude and Grok provided no valid result; later cadastral review is required.
- Jurisdiction-specific legal effect, 3D parcels, strata, customary tenure, marine and informal tenure need profiles.
- Approved registry relations for WM-PLC-002 are absent and proposed composition remains draft.
- Certified crosswalks and conformance fixtures remain unverified.
Machine files
Provenance
world-models research · reviewable-draft
Built from: models/wm-plc-002-land-parcel/spec.yaml, ver-cy/world-models/card-supplements/wm-plc-002-land-parcel.json