# External Models Registry

**Meta-Universe Specification**

**Document ID:** MU-V2-ECO-008  
**Title:** Registry of External Meta-Models, Standards and Vocabularies  
**Document Class:** Informative  
**Version:** 2.0 (Draft)  
**Status:** Working Draft  
**Normative References:** None  
**Informative References:** [Extension-Model](../02-architecture/Extension-Model.md), [Semantic-Mapping](../03-federation/Semantic-Mapping.md), [Registered-Meta-Models](../06-ecosystem/Registered-Meta-Models.md), [Compatibility-Matrix](../06-ecosystem/Compatibility-Matrix.md)  
**Copyright:** © Orkestron.AI  
**License:** Apache-2.0

---

# 1. Purpose

Meta-Universe does not re-invent the world's existing standards — it **imports and
maps** them ([Extension-Model](../02-architecture/Extension-Model.md) as Semantic
Packages, [Semantic-Mapping](../03-federation/Semantic-Mapping.md) for alignment).
This document is a broad, cross-domain **registry of external meta-models,
standards, ontologies, vocabularies and code lists** that a Meta-Model may import,
extend or map to.

It is a reference catalogue, not a normative list. Inclusion is not endorsement,
and absence is not rejection.

How these standards **connect** — which should be embedded, referenced or mixed in,
and when a concept should be a field rather than a nested model — is governed by
[Meta-Model-Composition](../02-architecture/Meta-Model-Composition.md) and the
curated [Connector-Catalogue](../06-ecosystem/Connector-Catalogue.md).

---

# 2. Field legend

| Field | Meaning |
|-------|---------|
| **Group** | Broad domain cluster (see §3). |
| **Name** / **Acronym** | The standard's full and short names. |
| **Specification Source (URL)** | The canonical specification from its maintaining body. |
| **Category** | Ontology · Controlled Vocabulary · Code List · Exchange Format · Schema Language · Modeling Language · Metamodel · Framework · Application Profile · Knowledge Graph · Interface Definition Language · Serialization Format · API Description · Protocol · Messaging Standard · Information Model · Identifier Scheme · Mapping/Lifting · Query Language · Documentation Standard · Metadata Standard · Convention · Terminology · Vocabulary. |
| **Parent Model** | The standard it builds on (`—` if foundational). |
| **Similar Models** | Sibling or alternative standards. |
| **Maintainer** | The standards body / organization. |
| **Format** | The primary serialization or expression form. |
| **Status** | Lifecycle / standing (Active, Recommendation, Draft, Legacy, Withdrawn, …). |
| **Namespace / URI** | Canonical URI prefix or identifier scheme, where one exists. |
| **Year** | First published / latest (where known). |
| **Notes** | One short clause; flags strong **Semantic-Package import candidates** for Meta-Universe. |
| **Compositional Role** | *(CSV only)* The standard's role in composition — R1–R8 — per [Meta-Model-Composition §7](../02-architecture/Meta-Model-Composition.md). See §3a. |
| **Default Link Type** | *(CSV only)* The recommended way to link to it — EMBED · REFERENCE · MIX-IN · COMPOSE · ALIGN · EXTEND · N/A. See §3a. |

---

# 3. Groups and counts

A total of **1180 standards** across 37 domain groups. The catalogue was built in
four passes: three of domain-breadth expansion, then a fourth **source-deepening**
pass that mined the catalogues of the standards bodies already represented here
(W3C, OGC, OASIS, OMG, ISO/IEC, IETF, HL7, GS1, UN/CEFACT, DCMI, SNOMED
International and others) for additional meta-models not yet captured.

| # | Group | Entries |
|---|-------|--------:|
| 1 | Semantic Web & Linked Data | 61 |
| 2 | Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | 49 |
| 3 | Healthcare & Life Sciences | 68 |
| 4 | Geospatial & Temporal | 48 |
| 5 | Finance & Insurance | 30 |
| 6 | Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | 40 |
| 7 | Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | 42 |
| 8 | Data, API & Serialization | 65 |
| 9 | HR, Skills & Education | 23 |
| 10 | Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | 45 |
| 11 | Government, Legal & Civic | 21 |
| 12 | IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | 32 |
| 13 | Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | 41 |
| 14 | Telecom & Networking | 22 |
| 15 | Energy & Utilities | 26 |
| 16 | Agriculture, Food & Environment | 24 |
| 17 | Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | 38 |
| 18 | AI, ML & Data Governance | 34 |
| 19 | Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | 34 |
| 20 | Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | 42 |
| 21 | Advertising & Marketing | 19 |
| 22 | 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | 37 |
| 23 | Mobility & Transportation | 22 |
| 24 | Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | 17 |
| 25 | Maritime & Hydrographic | 17 |
| 26 | Aviation & Air Traffic | 23 |
| 27 | Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | 20 |
| 28 | Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | 16 |
| 29 | ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | 22 |
| 30 | Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | 18 |
| 31 | Survey, Statistics & Official Data | 18 |
| 32 | Weather & Earth Observation | 32 |
| 33 | Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | 21 |
| 34 | Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | 30 |
| 35 | Music, Audio & Timeline Media | 24 |
| 36 | Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | 31 |
| 37 | Calendaring, Contacts & Social | 28 |
| | **Total** | **1180** |

A machine-readable copy is provided as [`external-models.csv`](../06-ecosystem/external-models.csv).

---

# 3a. Compositional roles

Every one of the 1180 standards is also classified by its **compositional role** —
how other Meta-Models should connect to it — under the rubric of
[Meta-Model-Composition](../02-architecture/Meta-Model-Composition.md). The role and
its default link type are carried as two extra columns in
[`external-models.csv`](../06-ecosystem/external-models.csv) (they are omitted from
the per-row table below to keep it readable). The curated foundational connectors are
detailed in the [Connector-Catalogue](../06-ecosystem/Connector-Catalogue.md).

| Role | Meaning | Default link | Count |
|------|---------|--------------|------:|
| R1 | Foundational Value-Object | EMBED | 9 |
| R2 | Reference Data / Code List / Classification | REFERENCE | 156 |
| R3 | Identifier Scheme | REFERENCE | 67 |
| R4 | Entity Model | REFERENCE | 140 |
| R5 | Cross-cutting Facet | MIX-IN | 55 |
| R6 | Aggregate / Document / Message | COMPOSE | 263 |
| R7 | Upper Ontology / Foundation / Modeling Substrate | ALIGN | 22 |
| R8 | Infrastructure / Format / Protocol / Tooling | N/A *(or EXTEND for schema languages)* | 468 |
| | **Total** | | **1180** |

By link type: REFERENCE 363 · COMPOSE 263 · N/A 381 · EXTEND 87 · MIX-IN 55 ·
ALIGN 22 · EMBED 9. The classification is informative guidance, produced by a
multi-agent pass and refined by an adversarial review pass that re-examined the 455
most contestable rows and corrected 50 — chiefly demoting domain ontologies,
metamodels and reference models that had been over-assigned to R7, down to R4
(entity models) or R2 (concept schemes). R7 is therefore deliberately small: it is
reserved for genuine upper ontologies (BFO, DOLCE, Common Logic) and the meta-meta
modeling layers (RDF/RDFS/OWL/SKOS-core, MOF/UML/SysML). A standard MAY still be
linked differently in a justified context.

The distribution is itself a finding: genuine **value-objects to embed are rare**
(9) — most reusable structure is concentrated in the curated connectors — while the
bulk of the catalogue is **infrastructure** to express or move data (R8, 468) and
**documents/messages** that compose other models (R6, 263). In other words, most
standards are not things you nest; they are things you *reference*, *compose with*,
or *speak* — which is exactly why a small set of embed/reference connectors does so
much of the integration work.

---

# 4. Registry

> Standards that legitimately span multiple groups are listed once, under their
> primary group. URLs, versions and status reflect a verified multi-agent sweep
> as of June 2026; verify against the maintaining body before citing. Some
> entries (especially paywalled ISO/IEC, GSMA, NATO and IATA specifications)
> cite the canonical catalogue or landing page rather than the full text.

| Group | Name | Acronym | Specification Source (URL) | Category | Parent Model | Similar Models | Maintainer | Format | Status | Namespace / URI | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Resource Description Framework | RDF | https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/ | Framework | — | RDFS, Turtle, JSON-LD | W3C | Abstract graph data model | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# | 2004 / 2014 | Foundational triple model; primary Semantic-Package import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | RDF Schema | RDFS | https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ | Schema Language | RDF | OWL, SKOS | W3C | Lightweight vocabulary | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# | 2004 / 2014 | Class/property layer; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Web Ontology Language | OWL | https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ | Modeling Language | RDFS | OWL 2, RDFS | W3C | DL-based ontology language | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# | 2004 / 2004 | Superseded by OWL 2; shares owl: namespace |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Web Ontology Language 2 | OWL 2 | https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/ | Modeling Language | OWL | OWL 1, RDFS, SKOS | W3C | DL-based ontology language | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# | 2009 / 2012 | Current ontology language; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Simple Knowledge Organization System | SKOS | https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDF | RDFS, OWL | W3C | Thesaurus/concept-scheme vocab | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# | 2009 / 2009 | Backbone for taxonomies; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Shapes Constraint Language | SHACL | https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/ | Schema Language | RDF | ShEx, OWL | W3C | RDF validation language | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl# | 2017 / 2017 | Graph validation; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Shape Expressions | ShEx | https://shex.io/shex-semantics/ | Schema Language | RDF | SHACL | W3C Community Group | RDF validation language | Final CG Report | http://www.w3.org/ns/shex# | 2014 / 2019 | Not REC-track; sibling to SHACL |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | RDFa Core | RDFa | https://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-core/ | Exchange Format | RDF | JSON-LD, Microdata | W3C | RDF-in-HTML attribute syntax | W3C Recommendation | — | 2008 / 2015 | Embeds RDF in markup |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | JSON for Linking Data | JSON-LD | https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/ | Exchange Format | RDF | Turtle, RDFa | W3C | JSON serialization of RDF | W3C Recommendation | — | 2014 / 2020 | Dominant LD serialization; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Terse RDF Triple Language | Turtle | https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/ | Exchange Format | RDF | N-Triples, TriG, JSON-LD | W3C | Text serialization of RDF | W3C Recommendation | — | 2014 / 2014 | Human-readable RDF syntax |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | N-Triples | N-Triples | https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/ | Exchange Format | RDF | Turtle, N-Quads | W3C | Line-based RDF serialization | W3C Recommendation | — | 2014 / 2014 | Canonical subset of Turtle |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | TriG | TriG | https://www.w3.org/TR/trig/ | Exchange Format | Turtle | N-Quads, JSON-LD | W3C | RDF dataset serialization | W3C Recommendation | — | 2014 / 2014 | Named-graph extension of Turtle |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language | SPARQL | https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/ | Framework | RDF | GraphQL, SHACL | W3C | Query/update language + protocol | W3C Recommendation | — | 2008 / 2013 | Standard RDF query layer; SPARQL 1.2 in progress |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | RDF 1.2 / RDF-star | RDF-star | https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf12-concepts/ | Framework | RDF | SPARQL 1.2, N3 | W3C | RDF abstract-syntax extension | Candidate Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# | 2021 / 2026 | Provisional (CR/WD); statement-level annotation |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | DCMI Metadata Terms | DC Terms | https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDFS | DCES, schema.org, SKOS | DCMI | RDF vocabulary | DCMI Recommendation | http://purl.org/dc/terms/ | 2001 / 2020 | Refines the 15 DCES elements; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | schema.org | schema.org | https://schema.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDFS | DC Terms, GoodRelations | Schema.org / W3C CG | RDF vocabulary (JSON-LD/Microdata) | Living standard | https://schema.org/ | 2011 / 2025 | Web-scale markup vocab; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Friend of a Friend | FOAF | http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ | Ontology | RDFS | schema.org Person, vCard, SIOC | FOAF Project | RDF/OWL vocabulary | Community spec v0.99 | http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ | 2000 / 2014 | Social/person modeling; not a REC |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | PROV Ontology | PROV-O | https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/ | Ontology | OWL 2 | PROV-DM, OPM | W3C | OWL2 ontology | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# | 2013 / 2013 | Provenance modeling; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Time Ontology in OWL | OWL-Time | https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/ | Ontology | OWL 2 | PROV-O, iCalendar | W3C/OGC | OWL2-DL ontology | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2006/time# | 2017 / 2017 | Temporal reasoning; 2022 revision draft exists |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets | VoID | https://www.w3.org/TR/void/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDFS | DCAT, HCLS Profile | W3C | RDF vocabulary | W3C Note | http://rdfs.org/ns/void# | 2011 / 2011 | Dataset description metadata |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Data Catalog Vocabulary | DCAT | https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDF | VoID, schema.org Dataset | W3C | RDF vocabulary | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat# | 2014 / 2024 | Dataset/catalog metadata; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | DCAT Application Profile | DCAT-AP | https://semiceu.github.io/DCAT-AP/releases/3.0.1/ | Application Profile | DCAT | GeoDCAT-AP, StatDCAT-AP | EU SEMIC | RDF application profile | EU spec v3.0.1 | http://data.europa.eu/r5r/ | 2013 / 2025 | EU data-portal profile of DCAT |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Semantic Sensor Network / Sensor Observation | SOSA/SSN | https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/ | Ontology | OWL | OGC SensorML, SAREF | W3C/OGC | OWL/RDF ontology | W3C Rec + OGC Std | http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ | 2017 / 2017 | Dual-published IoT/sensor ontology |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | vCard Ontology | vCard | https://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf/ | Ontology | RDF | FOAF, schema.org Person, ORG | W3C | RDF/OWL vocabulary | W3C Note | http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns# | 2014 / 2014 | RDF mapping of RFC 6350 contacts |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Organization Ontology | ORG | https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-org/ | Ontology | RDFS | FOAF, vCard, RegOrg | W3C | RDF/OWL2 ontology | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/org# | 2014 / 2014 | Org structure modeling; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Quantities, Units, Dimensions, Types | QUDT | https://www.qudt.org/doc/DOC_SCHEMA-QUDT.html | Ontology | OWL | OM, UCUM, SWEET | QUDT.org | OWL/RDFS ontology | Org-maintained v2.1+ | http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/ | 2011 / 2024 | Units/measurement modeling |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Description of a Project | DOAP | https://github.com/ewilderj/doap | Controlled Vocabulary | RDFS | FOAF, SPDX, ADMS.SW | E. Wilder-James | RDF vocabulary | Community-maintained | http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap# | 2004 / — | Software project metadata |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities | SIOC | https://www.w3.org/submissions/sioc-spec/ | Ontology | RDFS | FOAF, SKOS, Activity Streams | DERI Galway | RDF/OWL vocabulary | W3C Member Submission | http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# | 2007 / 2007 | Online-community/forum modeling |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | GoodRelations | GoodRelations | http://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1.html | Ontology | OWL DL | schema.org Offer, GS1 Vocab | M. Hepp | OWL DL ontology | Community / absorbed | http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1# | 2008 / 2011 | E-commerce vocab; merged into schema.org |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Hydra Core Vocabulary | Hydra | https://www.hydra-cg.com/spec/latest/core/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDF | OpenAPI, LDF, JSON Hyper-Schema | W3C Community Group | RDF/JSON-LD vocabulary | CG Draft (living) | http://www.w3.org/ns/hydra/core# | 2013 / — | Hypermedia REST API vocab |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Web Annotation Vocabulary | OA | https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-vocab/ | Ontology | RDF | Web Annotation DM, Open Annotation | W3C | RDF/OWL vocabulary | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/oa# | 2017 / 2017 | Annotation modeling; used by IIIF |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Open Digital Rights Language | ODRL | https://www.w3.org/TR/odrl-vocab/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDF | XACML, ccREL, MPEG-21 REL | W3C | Information model + vocabulary | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/ | 2001 / 2018 | Rights/policy expression; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | RDF Data Cube Vocabulary | QB | https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDF | SDMX-RDF, SKOS, DCAT | W3C | RDF vocabulary | W3C Recommendation | http://purl.org/linked-data/cube# | 2014 / 2014 | Statistical/multidimensional data |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Semantic Markup for Web Services | OWL-S | https://www.w3.org/submissions/2004/SUBM-OWL-S-20041122/ | Ontology | OWL | WSMO, SAWSDL, WSDL-S | W3C Member Submission | OWL ontology | W3C Member Submission | http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.1/ | 2004 / 2004 | Service description ontology |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | WordNet RDF | WordNet (RDF) | http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/ | Knowledge Graph | RDFS | OntoLex-Lemon, BabelNet | Princeton University | lemon/OntoLex RDF | Institutional resource | http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/ontology# | 2006 / 2014 | RDF/lemon edition of WordNet |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Wikidata | Wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org | Knowledge Graph | — | DBpedia, YAGO, Freebase | Wikimedia Foundation | RDF-exportable KG (Wikibase) | Active | http://www.wikidata.org/entity/ | 2012 / — | Largest open collaborative KG; strong import candidate |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | DBpedia | DBpedia | https://www.dbpedia.org | Knowledge Graph | RDFS | Wikidata, YAGO | DBpedia Association | RDF KG + DBO ontology | Active | http://dbpedia.org/ontology/ | 2007 / — | Wikipedia-extracted LOD hub |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | YAGO | YAGO | https://yago-knowledge.org | Knowledge Base | schema.org | Wikidata, DBpedia | MPI Informatics / Télécom Paris | RDF KB | Active v4.5 | http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/ | 2007 / 2024 | schema.org-typed KB from Wikidata |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | ConceptNet | ConceptNet | https://conceptnet.io | Knowledge Graph | — | WordNet, BabelNet, Cyc | MIT Media Lab / Luminoso | Semantic network | Active v5.7 | http://conceptnet.io/c/ | 2007 / 2019 | Commonsense semantic network |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | BabelNet | BabelNet | https://babelnet.org | Knowledge Graph | WordNet | WordNet, ConceptNet, Wikidata | Sapienza / Babelscape | Multilingual lexical KG | Active v5.3 | http://babelnet.org/rdf/ | 2010 / 2023 | Multilingual encyclopedic dictionary |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer | UMBEL | http://umbel.org | Controlled Vocabulary | OpenCyc | OpenCyc, KBpedia | Structured Dynamics | SKOS + OWL2 | Dormant/legacy | http://umbel.org/umbel# | 2008 / 2016 | OpenCyc-derived reference layer |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Cyc / OpenCyc | Cyc | https://cyc.com | Knowledge Base | — | SUMO, UMBEL, ConceptNet | Cycorp | KB + upper ontology | Cyc active; OpenCyc discontinued | — | 1984 / 2012 | OpenCyc pulled ~2017; Cyc commercial |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Suggested Upper Merged Ontology | SUMO | https://www.ontologyportal.org | Ontology | — | DOLCE, BFO, Cyc | IEEE / Articulate Software | SUO-KIF (OWL exports) | Active | http://www.ontologyportal.org/SUMO.owl# | 2000 / — | Foundational upper ontology |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic & Cognitive Engineering | DOLCE | https://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/index.php/dolce/ | Ontology | — | BFO, SUMO, GFO | LOA, ISTC-CNR | OWL foundational ontology | Active/stable | http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl# | 2002 / — | Foundational ontology; DUL widely reused |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Basic Formal Ontology | BFO | https://basic-formal-ontology.org | Ontology | — | DOLCE, SUMO, GFO | NCOR, Univ. at Buffalo | OWL foundational ontology | Active (BFO 2020) | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl | 2002 / 2021 | ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021; OBO upper ontology |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | WordNet | WordNet | https://wordnet.princeton.edu | Controlled Vocabulary | — | BabelNet, ConceptNet, Open English WordNet | Princeton University | Lexical database | Frozen (3.1) | http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/ontology# | 1995 / 2011 | Foundational lexical DB; OEW is living successor |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Dublin Core Metadata Element Set | DCES | https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dces/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | schema.org, MODS, EDM | DCMI | RDF metadata element set | Published v1.1 | http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ | 1998 / 2012 | ISO 15836 / Z39.85; the 15 core elements |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | MARC 21 | MARC 21 | https://www.loc.gov/marc/ | Exchange Format | — | MODS, MADS, BIBFRAME | Library of Congress | ISO 2709 record + MARCXML | Published | http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim | 1999 / — | Dominant cataloging exchange format |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Bibliographic Framework | BIBFRAME | https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ | Ontology | — | MARC 21, RDA, schema.org | Library of Congress | RDF/OWL ontology | Published v2.0 | http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/ | 2012 / 2016 | Linked-Data successor to MARC; strong import candidate |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Metadata Object Description Schema | MODS | https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/ | Schema Language | MARC 21 | MADS, MARCXML, DC | Library of Congress | XML schema (XSD) | Published v3.8 | http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 | 2002 / 2023 | MARC-derived descriptive schema |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Metadata Encoding & Transmission Standard | METS | https://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/ | Exchange Format | — | MODS, PREMIS, OAI-ORE | Library of Congress | XML schema (XSD) | Published v1.12.1 | http://www.loc.gov/METS/ | 2001 / 2019 | Digital-object wrapper/container |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Encoded Archival Description | EAD | https://www.loc.gov/ead/ | Schema Language | — | EAC-CPF, RiC, DC | SAA TS-EAS / LoC | XML schema (XSD/RNG/DTD) | Published EAD3 1.1.2 | http://ead3.archivists.org/schema/ | 1998 / 2023 | Archival finding-aid encoding |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies | PREMIS | https://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/ | Schema Language | — | METS, MODS, PROV-O | Library of Congress | Data dictionary + XML/OWL | Published v3.0 | http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/ | 2005 / 2015 | Digital-preservation metadata; OWL ontology exists |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Resource Description and Access | RDA | https://www.rdatoolkit.org/ | Application Profile | IFLA LRM | BIBFRAME, MARC 21, AACR2 | RDA Steering Committee | Cataloging standard + RDA Registry | Published | http://rdaregistry.info/ | 2010 / 2020 | Content standard atop LRM; RDF vocabs in RDA Registry |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records | FRBR | https://www.ifla.org/g/cataloguing/ifla-s-bibliographic-conceptual-models/ | Metamodel | — | FRAD, FRSAD, IFLA LRM | IFLA | Entity-relationship conceptual model | Superseded by LRM | — | 1998 / 2009 | WEMI model; consolidated into LRM |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | IFLA Library Reference Model | LRM | https://www.ifla.org/publications/node/11412/ | Metamodel | FRBR | FRBR family | IFLA | Entity-relationship conceptual model | Published | http://iflastandards.info/ns/lrm/lrmer/ | 2017 / 2017 | Consolidates FRBR/FRAD/FRSAD; underpins RDA & BIBFRAME |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Metadata Authority Description Schema | MADS | https://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/ | Schema Language | MARC 21 | MODS, SKOS, EAC-CPF | Library of Congress | XML schema + MADS/RDF | Published v2.x | http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1# | 2005 / 2012 | Authority companion to MODS; RDF edition exists |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | SKOS eXtension for Labels | SKOS-XL | https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/skos-xl.html | Ontology | SKOS | SKOS, MADS/RDF | W3C | RDF/OWL vocabulary | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl# | 2009 / 2009 | Reifies labels as resources |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting | OAI-PMH | https://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html | Framework | — | OAI-ORE, ResourceSync, SWORD | Open Archives Initiative | XML-over-HTTP protocol | Published v2.0 | http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ | 2001 / 2002 | Repository metadata harvesting |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | OAI Object Reuse and Exchange | OAI-ORE | https://www.openarchives.org/ore/ | Ontology | RDF | OAI-PMH, METS, IIIF | Open Archives Initiative | RDF vocabulary / data model | Published v1.0 | http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/ | 2008 / 2008 | Aggregation/compound-object description |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Records in Contexts | RiC | https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology | Ontology | — | EAD3, EAC-CPF, PREMIS | ICA EGAD | Conceptual model (CM) + OWL (RiC-O) | Published RiC-O 1.1 | https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology# | 2021 / 2025 | Harmonizes four ICA archival standards |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model | CIDOC CRM | https://www.cidoc-crm.org/ | Ontology | — | EDM, LRMoo, LIDO | CIDOC SIG (ICOM) | RDFS/OWL ontology | Published v7.1.3 | http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/ | 1999 / 2024 | ISO 21127:2023; museum event-based ontology; strong import candidate |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Europeana Data Model | EDM | https://pro.europeana.eu/page/edm-documentation | Ontology | RDF | CIDOC CRM, LIDO | Europeana Foundation | RDF/OWL + XML schema | Published v5.2.8 | http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/ | 2010 / 2017 | Aggregates DC/ORE/SKOS/CIDOC CRM |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | International Image Interoperability Framework | IIIF | https://iiif.io/api/ | Framework | — | OAI-PMH, Web Annotation | IIIF Consortium | REST API + JSON-LD | Published v3.0 | http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json | 2012 / 2020 | Image/presentation APIs; Presentation 4.0 in RC |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Visual Resources Association Core | VRA Core | https://www.loc.gov/standards/vracore/ | Schema Language | — | CDWA Lite, LIDO, DC | VRA / Library of Congress | XML schema | Published v4.0 | http://www.vraweb.org/vracore4.htm | 2007 / 2007 | Visual-resource description schema |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Text Encoding Initiative | TEI | https://tei-c.org/ | Schema Language | — | DocBook, EAD, MEI | TEI Consortium | XML schema (RELAX NG/XSD/DTD) | Published P5 v4.11.0 | http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 | 1990 / 2026 | Scholarly text-encoding standard |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | ONIX for Books | ONIX | https://www.editeur.org/8/ONIX/ | Exchange Format | — | ONIX-PL, ONIX Serials, MARC 21 | EDItEUR | XML + code lists | Published v3.0/3.1 | http://ns.editeur.org/onix/3.0/reference | 2000 / 2023 | Book-trade product metadata |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Darwin Core | DwC | https://dwc.tdwg.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | DC Terms | Audubon Core, ABCD, DC | TDWG | RDF terms + XML schema | Ratified standard | http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ | 2009 / 2021 | Biodiversity-occurrence vocabulary |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Schema.org CreativeWork | CreativeWork | https://schema.org/CreativeWork | Controlled Vocabulary | schema.org | DC Terms, BIBFRAME | Schema.org / W3C CG | RDF vocabulary (JSON-LD) | Living standard | https://schema.org/CreativeWork | 2011 / 2025 | Creative-work subtree of schema.org |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Art & Architecture Thesaurus | AAT | https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | ULAN, TGN, LCSH | Getty Research Institute | SKOS/RDF LOD | Published (ODC-BY) | http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/ | 1990 / — | Art/architecture thesaurus; strong import candidate |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Union List of Artist Names | ULAN | https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/ulan/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | AAT, TGN, ISNI, VIAF | Getty Research Institute | SKOS/RDF LOD | Published (ODC-BY) | http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/ | 1990 / — | Artist name authority |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Thesaurus of Geographic Names | TGN | https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/tgn/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | AAT, ULAN, GeoNames | Getty Research Institute | SKOS/RDF LOD | Published (ODC-BY) | http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/ | 1990 / — | Geographic name authority |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Library of Congress Subject Headings | LCSH | https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html | Controlled Vocabulary | — | LCNAF, FAST, MeSH | Library of Congress | SKOS/RDF + MADS/RDF | Published (LOD since 2009) | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/ | 1898 / — | Pre-eminent subject authority |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | International Standard Name Identifier | ISNI | https://isni.org/ | Code List | — | ORCID, VIAF, DOI | ISNI-IA | 16-digit identifier registry | Published (ISO 27729) | https://isni.org/isni/ | 2012 / 2024 | ISO 27729:2024; party identifier |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Open Researcher and Contributor ID | ORCID | https://orcid.org/ | Code List | ISNI | ISNI, ResearcherID, VIAF | ORCID, Inc. | Identifier registry + REST API | Live registry | https://orcid.org/ | 2012 / — | Researcher identifier (ISNI-compatible block) |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | HL7 Version 2.x Messaging | HL7 v2 | https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=185 | Exchange Format | — | HL7 v3, FHIR | HL7 International | Pipe-delimited (ER7), XML | Active | — | 1989/2.9 | Dominant legacy clinical messaging; pervasive in hospitals |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | HL7 Version 3 | HL7 v3 | https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=186 | Exchange Format | RIM | HL7 v2, CDA | HL7 International | XML | Active (largely superseded) | urn:hl7-org:v3 | 2005 | RIM-based; complex, mostly superseded by FHIR |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | HL7 Reference Information Model | RIM | https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=77 | Metamodel | — | FHIR, openEHR RM | HL7 International | UML/XML | Active | — | 2003 | Foundational metamodel for v3/CDA |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | HL7 Clinical Document Architecture | CDA | https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=7 | Exchange Format | RIM | C-CDA, FHIR Documents | HL7 International | XML | Active | urn:hl7-org:v3 | 2005/R2 | Document standard; C-CDA widely used in US |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | HL7 FHIR | FHIR | https://hl7.org/fhir/ | Exchange Format | — | openEHR, CDA, OMOP | HL7 International | JSON, XML, RDF/Turtle | Active (R5) | http://hl7.org/fhir | 2014/R5 2023 | Modern resource+REST API standard; strong import candidate |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | US Core | US Core | https://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ | Application Profile | FHIR | IPS, AU Core | HL7 International | FHIR IG | Active | http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core | 2019/v6+ | US realm constraints (USCDI); IG profile |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | International Patient Summary | IPS | https://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/ | Application Profile | FHIR | US Core, openEHR | HL7 International / CEN | FHIR IG | Active | http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips | 2020 | Cross-border patient summary IG |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | openEHR Reference Model | openEHR | https://specifications.openehr.org/ | Metamodel | — | ISO 13606, FHIR | openEHR International | UML/ADL/AOM | Active | — | 2005 | Two-level modeling, archetypes; EHR persistence |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | ISO 13606 EHR Communication | ISO 13606 | https://www.iso.org/standard/67868.html | Exchange Format | — | openEHR, FHIR | ISO TC215 / CEN | UML/XML | Active | — | 2008/2019 | Archetype-based EHR extract; aligned with openEHR |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | DICOM | DICOM | https://www.dicomstandard.org/current | Exchange Format | — | FHIR ImagingStudy | NEMA / MITA | DICOM binary, XML, JSON | Active | 1.2.840.10008 | 1993 | Medical imaging storage/transfer standard |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | IHE XDS / Cross-Enterprise Doc Sharing | XDS | https://profiles.ihe.net/ITI/TF/Volume1/ch-10.html | Framework | HL7/DICOM | XCA, MHD (FHIR) | IHE International | Profiles | Active | — | 2004 | Document sharing profile; MHD is FHIR successor |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | SNOMED CT | SNOMED CT | https://www.snomed.org/ | Ontology | — | ICD-11, LOINC | SNOMED International | RF2, OWL | Active | http://snomed.info/sct | 2002 | Comprehensive clinical terminology; strong import candidate |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | LOINC | LOINC | https://loinc.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | SNOMED CT, CPT | Regenstrief Institute | CSV, FHIR | Active | http://loinc.org | 1994 | Lab/observation codes; widely used in FHIR |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | ICD-10 | ICD-10 | https://icd.who.int/browse10/ | Code List | — | ICD-11, SNOMED CT | WHO | Tabular/XML | Active (frozen) | — | 1990 | Mortality/morbidity classification; ICD-10-CM in US |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | ICD-11 | ICD-11 | https://icd.who.int/ | Code List | — | ICD-10, SNOMED CT | WHO | API/Linearization | Active | http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms | 2019/2024 | Ontology-backed Foundation; MMS linearization |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | ICF (Functioning/Disability) | ICF | https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health | Code List | — | ICD-11, SNOMED CT | WHO | Tabular | Active | — | 2001 | Functioning & disability classification |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | RxNorm | RxNorm | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/ | Terminology | — | ATC, NDC, SNOMED | NLM | RRF, RxNav API | Active | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm | 2004 | Normalized drug nomenclature |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | NDC (National Drug Code) | NDC | https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/national-drug-code-directory | Code List | — | RxNorm, ATC | FDA | Directory | Active | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/ndc | 1972 | US drug product identifier |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | ATC/DDD | ATC | https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/ | Code List | — | RxNorm, NDC | WHO Collaborating Centre | Index | Active | — | 1976 | Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical drug classification |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | CPT (Procedural Terminology) | CPT | https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt | Code List | — | HCPCS, SNOMED CT | American Medical Association | Tabular | Active (proprietary) | http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt | 1966 | US procedure billing codes |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Unified Medical Language System | UMLS | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/ | Framework | — | BioPortal, OBO | NLM | RRF, REST API | Active | — | 1986 | Metathesaurus integrating 200+ vocabularies |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Medical Subject Headings | MeSH | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | UMLS, EMTREE | NLM | XML, RDF | Active | http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh | 1960 | Literature indexing thesaurus; RDF available |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Gene Ontology | GO | http://geneontology.org/ | Ontology | OBO Foundry | ChEBI, Uberon | GO Consortium | OBO, OWL | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_ | 2000 | Gene function ontology; OBO flagship; import candidate |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Chemical Entities of Biological Interest | ChEBI | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/ | Ontology | OBO Foundry | PubChem, DrugBank | EMBL-EBI | OBO, OWL | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_ | 2004 | Molecular entity ontology |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Human Phenotype Ontology | HPO | https://hpo.jax.org/ | Ontology | OBO Foundry | MONDO, MP | Jackson Lab / Monarch | OBO, OWL | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_ | 2008 | Phenotypic abnormality ontology; used in Phenopackets |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Mondo Disease Ontology | MONDO | https://mondo.monarchinitiative.org/ | Ontology | OBO Foundry | DOID, Orphanet, ICD | Monarch Initiative | OBO, OWL | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_ | 2018 | Harmonized cross-reference disease ontology |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Human Disease Ontology | DOID | https://disease-ontology.org/ | Ontology | OBO Foundry | MONDO, ICD | DO Consortium | OBO, OWL | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_ | 2003 | Disease ontology; merged into MONDO mappings |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Uberon Anatomy Ontology | Uberon | https://uberon.github.io/ | Ontology | OBO Foundry | FMA, CL | OBO community | OBO, OWL | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_ | 2012 | Cross-species anatomy ontology |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | NCI Thesaurus | NCIt | https://ncithesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | SNOMED CT, MeSH | NCI EVS | OWL, flat | Active | http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl# | 1997 | Cancer/biomedical reference terminology |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | OBO Foundry | OBO | https://obofoundry.org/ | Framework | — | BioPortal, OntoBee | OBO Foundry community | OWL/OBO + principles | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ | 2007 | Coordinating framework + principles for bio-ontologies |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | BioPAX | BioPAX | http://www.biopax.org/ | Exchange Format | OWL | SBML, SBGN | BioPAX community | OWL/RDF | Active | http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl# | 2002 | Biological pathway exchange |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Systems Biology Markup Language | SBML | https://sbml.org/ | Exchange Format | — | BioPAX, CellML | SBML community / COMBINE | XML | Active | http://www.sbml.org/sbml/level3 | 2003 | Quantitative biological model exchange |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | MIRIAM / Identifiers.org | MIRIAM | https://identifiers.org/ | Framework | — | Bioregistry, w3id | EMBL-EBI | Registry/API | Active | https://identifiers.org/ | 2005 | Standard resolvable identifiers for life-sci data |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | CDISC SDTM | SDTM | https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtm | Schema Language | CDISC Foundational | CDASH, ADaM | CDISC | Tabular/define-XML | Active | — | 2004 | Clinical trial tabulation model |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | CDISC ODM | ODM | https://www.cdisc.org/standards/data-exchange/odm | Exchange Format | — | FHIR, SDTM | CDISC | XML, JSON | Active | — | 1999 | Clinical data interchange/archive format |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | OMOP Common Data Model | OMOP CDM | https://ohdsi.github.io/CommonDataModel/ | Schema Language | — | Sentinel CDM, PCORnet, i2b2 | OHDSI | DDL/relational | Active (v5.4) | — | 2009/5.4 | Observational research CDM; strong import candidate |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Swiss Personalized Health Network | SPHN | https://www.sphn.ch/ | Knowledge Graph | RDF/OWL | FHIR, OMOP | SPHN / SIB | RDF/Turtle, SHACL | Active | https://biomedit.ch/rdf/sphn-schema/sphn# | 2017 | Semantic interoperability framework (RDF); import candidate |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | GA4GH Phenopackets | Phenopackets | https://www.ga4gh.org/product/phenopackets/ | Exchange Format | — | FHIR Genomics, ClinVar | GA4GH / ISO TC215 | Protobuf, JSON/YAML | Active (v2 / ISO 4454) | — | 2019/2022 | Phenotypic data interchange; ISO 4454:2022 |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | HGVS Sequence Variant Nomenclature | HGVS | https://hgvs-nomenclature.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | VRS, SPDI | HGVS / HVP | Text grammar | Active | — | 2000 | Standard variant naming syntax |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | FHIR Genomics Reporting | FHIR Genomics | https://hl7.org/fhir/uv/genomics-reporting/ | Application Profile | FHIR | Phenopackets, VRS | HL7 International | FHIR IG | Active | http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/genomics-reporting | 2020 | Genomics reporting IG on FHIR |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | GA4GH Variation Representation Spec | VRS | https://vrs.ga4gh.org/ | Schema Language | — | HGVS, SPDI | GA4GH | JSON Schema | Active | — | 2021 | Computable variant representation; GA4GH |
| Geospatial & Temporal | GeoSPARQL | GeoSPARQL | https://docs.ogc.org/is/22-047r1/22-047r1.html | Ontology | OWL / SPARQL | stSPARQL, GeoSPARQL-Jena | OGC | OWL/RDF, SPARQL ext | Active (1.1) | http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql# | 2012/1.1 2024 | Spatial RDF query+ontology; strong import candidate |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC Simple Features Access | SFA | https://www.ogc.org/standard/sfa/ | Metamodel | ISO 19125 | ISO 19107, GML | OGC / ISO | UML/SQL/WKT | Active | — | 1999/2011 | Geometry model underpinning most GIS |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Well-Known Text | WKT | https://www.ogc.org/standard/sfa/ | Exchange Format | Simple Features | WKB, GeoJSON | OGC / ISO | Text | Active | — | 1999 | Text geometry serialization; CRS WKT (19162) |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Geography Markup Language | GML | https://www.ogc.org/standard/gml/ | Exchange Format | ISO 19107 | KML, GeoJSON, CityGML | OGC / ISO 19136 | XML | Active (3.2.2) | http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2 | 2000/3.2 | XML geographic feature encoding |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Keyhole Markup Language | KML | https://www.ogc.org/standard/kml/ | Exchange Format | XML | GML, GeoJSON | OGC | XML | Active | http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2 | 2008 | Map/earth-browser visualization format |
| Geospatial & Temporal | GeoJSON | GeoJSON | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7946 | Exchange Format | JSON / Simple Features | WKT, TopoJSON | IETF | JSON | Active | — | 2016 (RFC 7946) | Lightweight web geometry; WGS84 only; import candidate |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC API – Features | OGC API Features | https://docs.ogc.org/is/17-069r4/17-069r4.html | Application Profile | OpenAPI | WFS, OGC API Records | OGC | OpenAPI/JSON | Active | — | 2019 | RESTful successor to WFS |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Web Map Service | WMS | https://www.ogc.org/standard/wms/ | Exchange Format | — | WMTS, OGC API Maps | OGC | XML/HTTP | Active (1.3) | — | 1999/1.3 | Rendered map image service |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Web Feature Service | WFS | https://www.ogc.org/standard/wfs/ | Exchange Format | GML | OGC API Features | OGC | XML/GML | Active (2.0) | — | 2002/2.0 | Vector feature query/transaction service |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Web Coverage Service | WCS | https://www.ogc.org/standard/wcs/ | Exchange Format | — | OGC API Coverages, WMS | OGC | XML/HTTP | Active (2.1) | — | 2003 | Multidimensional coverage/grid access |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Catalogue Service for the Web | CSW | https://www.ogc.org/standard/cat/ | Exchange Format | ISO 19115 | OGC API Records | OGC | XML/HTTP | Active (3.0) | — | 2002 | Geospatial metadata discovery catalogue |
| Geospatial & Temporal | ISO 19115 Geographic Metadata | ISO 19115 | https://www.iso.org/standard/53798.html | Metamodel | — | INSPIRE, Dublin Core | ISO TC211 | UML | Active | — | 2003/2014 | Geographic metadata model |
| Geospatial & Temporal | ISO 19139 Metadata XML Encoding | ISO 19139 | https://www.iso.org/standard/67253.html | Schema Language | ISO 19115 | ISO 19115-3, INSPIRE | ISO TC211 | XML/XSD | Active | http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd | 2007 | XML implementation of 19115 |
| Geospatial & Temporal | ISO 19107 Spatial Schema | ISO 19107 | https://www.iso.org/standard/66175.html | Metamodel | — | Simple Features, GML | ISO TC211 | UML | Active | — | 2003/2019 | Conceptual geometry/topology model |
| Geospatial & Temporal | ISO 19111 Referencing by Coordinates | ISO 19111 | https://www.iso.org/standard/74039.html | Metamodel | — | EPSG, WKT-CRS | ISO TC211 / OGC | UML | Active | — | 2003/2019 | Coordinate reference system model (=OGC Topic 2) |
| Geospatial & Temporal | EPSG Geodetic Registry | EPSG | https://epsg.org/ | Code List | ISO 19111 | PROJ, ESRI WKID | IOGP Geomatics | Registry/GML | Active | http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/ | 1985 | Authoritative CRS/datum registry; import candidate |
| Geospatial & Temporal | World Geodetic System 1984 | WGS84 | https://epsg.org/crs_4326/WGS-84.html | Code List | EPSG/ISO 19111 | ETRS89, NAD83 | NGA / IOGP | Definition | Active | http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326 | 1984 | Default global datum (EPSG:4326) |
| Geospatial & Temporal | INSPIRE | INSPIRE | https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/ | Application Profile | ISO 191xx / GML | ELF, NSDI | European Commission / EEA | GML/XSD | Active | http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/ | 2007 | EU spatial data infrastructure data specs |
| Geospatial & Temporal | CityGML | CityGML | https://www.ogc.org/standard/citygml/ | Exchange Format | GML | IFC, IndoorGML, 3D Tiles | OGC | GML/XML, JSON | Active (3.0) | http://www.opengis.net/citygml/3.0 | 2008/3.0 | 3D city/semantic building model |
| Geospatial & Temporal | IndoorGML | IndoorGML | https://www.ogc.org/standard/indoorgml/ | Exchange Format | GML | CityGML, IFC | OGC | GML/XML | Active | http://www.opengis.net/indoorgml/1.0 | 2014 | Indoor navigation spatial model |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Map Markup Language | MapML | https://maps4html.org/MapML-Specification/ | Schema Language | HTML | KML, GeoJSON | W3C Maps4HTML CG | HTML/XML | Draft | — | 2021 | Web-native map markup; community draft |
| Geospatial & Temporal | iCalendar | iCalendar | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5545 | Exchange Format | — | OWL-Time, jCal, xCal | IETF | Text (ics) | Active | — | 1998/2009 | Calendar/scheduling data format (RFC 5545) |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC SensorThings API | SensorThings | https://docs.ogc.org/is/18-088/18-088.html | Application Profile | OData / SOSA | SOS, OGC API EDR | OGC | JSON/OData | Active (1.1) | — | 2016/1.1 | IoT sensor data API; SOSA-aligned |
| Geospatial & Temporal | NetCDF / CF Conventions | CF | https://cfconventions.org/ | Exchange Format | NetCDF | GRIB, HDF5, ISO 19123 | Unidata / CF community | Binary + metadata conv | Active | — | 1989/CF 1.11 | Climate/forecast gridded data conventions |
| Geospatial & Temporal | IHO Universal Hydrographic Data Model | S-100 | https://iho.int/en/s-100-universal-hydrographic-data-model | Framework | ISO 19100 series | S-57, ENC | IHO | UML/GML/feature catalog | Active | — | 2010 | Hydrographic data framework (ISO 19100-based) |
| Geospatial & Temporal | schema.org Place | schema.org/Place | https://schema.org/Place | Ontology | schema.org | GeoNames, WGS84 vocab | W3C Schema.org CG | RDFa/JSON-LD | Active | https://schema.org/ | 2011 | Web markup for places; SEO/linked data |
| Geospatial & Temporal | GeoNames | GeoNames | https://www.geonames.org/ontology/documentation.html | Knowledge Graph | — | Who's On First, Wikidata | GeoNames.org | RDF/OWL, API | Active | https://www.geonames.org/ontology# | 2005 | Global gazetteer with RDF; import candidate |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Who's On First | WOF | https://whosonfirst.org/ | Knowledge Graph | GeoJSON | GeoNames, Wikidata | WOF community | GeoJSON | Active | — | 2015 | Open gazetteer of places |
| Finance & Insurance | ISO 20022 Financial Messaging Metamodel | ISO 20022 | https://www.iso20022.org/ | Metamodel | — | FIX, FpML, SWIFT MT | ISO TC68/SC9; RA = SWIFT | UML to XML/ASN.1 | Active | urn:iso:std:iso:20022:tech:xsd: | 2004 / 2026 ed. | Foundational financial-messaging metamodel; prime import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | ISO 20022 Payment Messages (camt/pain/pacs) | camt/pain/pacs | https://www.iso20022.org/iso-20022-message-definitions | Messaging Standard | ISO 20022 metamodel | SWIFT MT, SEPA | ISO; RA = SWIFT | XML/JSON (XSD) | Active | urn:iso:std:iso:20022:tech:xsd:pacs.008.001.08 | 2004 / 2013 ed. | pain=initiation, pacs=clearing, camt=cash mgmt; import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | SWIFT Message Types (FIN) | SWIFT MT | https://www2.swift.com/knowledgecentre/products/Standards%20MT/publications | Messaging Standard | ISO 15022 | ISO 20022 MX | SWIFT | Block/tag text | Active (sunsetting) | — | 1977 / annual | Legacy; migrating to ISO 20022 for cross-border |
| Finance & Insurance | Financial Information eXchange | FIX | https://www.fixtrading.org/standards/fix-protocol/ | Messaging Standard | — | FpML, ISO 20022 | FIX Trading Community | tag=value | Active ("FIX Latest") | — | 1992 / FIX Latest | Versioning replaced by Extension Packs; import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | FIX XML Encoding | FIXML | https://www.fixtrading.org/standards/fixml/ | Exchange Format | FIX Protocol | FpML, ISO 20022 | FIX Trading Community | XML (XSD) | Active (TS v1.1) | http://www.fixprotocol.org/FIXML-5-0-SP2 | 1999 / FIX Latest | XML encoding of FIX; used in derivatives post-trade |
| Finance & Insurance | Financial products Markup Language | FpML | https://www.fpml.org/spec/ | Exchange Format | XML Schema | FIXML, CDM | ISDA | XML (XSD) | Active (5.12) | http://www.fpml.org/FpML-5/ | 1999 / 2021 | Per-view namespaces (confirmation/reporting); import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | Financial Industry Business Ontology | FIBO | https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ | Ontology | OWL 2 | CDM, schema.org | EDM Council (also OMG) | OWL/RDF | Published | https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/ | 2014 / quarterly | Formal financial ontology; strong import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | eXtensible Business Reporting Language | XBRL | https://www.xbrl.org/Specification/XBRL-2.1/REC-2003-12-31/ | Exchange Format | XML Schema | SDMX, iXBRL | XBRL International | XML (XSD) | Recommendation | http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance | 2003 / 2013 errata | Basis for iXBRL, Dimensions, OIM |
| Finance & Insurance | Currency Codes | ISO 4217 | https://www.iso.org/iso-4217-currency-codes.html | Code List | — | ISO 3166 | ISO; MA = SIX Financial Information | 3-letter/3-digit | Active | — | 1978 / 2015 | Authoritative currency code list; import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | International Securities Identification Number | ISO 6166 / ISIN | https://www.iso.org/standard/78502.html | Code List | — | CFI, FIGI | ISO; RA = ANNA | 12-char code | Published | — | 1986 / 2021 | 2021 ed. extends to OTC derivatives, carbon credits |
| Finance & Insurance | Legal Entity Identifier | ISO 17442 / LEI | https://www.iso.org/standard/78829.html | Code List | — | BIC, DUNS | ISO; ops = GLEIF | 20-char code; LEI-CDF XML | Published | — | 2012 / 2020 (Pt.1) | Free public Global LEI System via GLEIF; import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | Classification of Financial Instruments | ISO 10962 / CFI | https://www.iso.org/standard/81140.html | Code List | — | ISIN, FISN | ISO; RA = ANNA | 6-char code | Published | — | 2001 / 2021 | Assigned alongside ISIN by NNA |
| Finance & Insurance | Market Identifier Code | ISO 10383 / MIC | https://www.iso20022.org/market-identifier-codes | Code List | — | LEI, BIC | ISO; RA = SWIFT | 4-char code list | Active | — | 1992 / 2012 | Operating vs segment MIC; free registry |
| Finance & Insurance | Business Identifier Code | ISO 9362 / BIC | https://www.iso.org/standard/84108.html | Code List | — | LEI, IBAN | ISO; RA = SWIFT | 8/11-char code | Published | — | 1987 / 2022 | Renamed Bank to Business Identifier Code |
| Finance & Insurance | Mortgage Industry Reference Model | MISMO | https://www.mismo.org/standards-resources/residential-specifications/reference-model | Schema Language | XML Schema | ACORD, FpML | MISMO (subsidiary of MBA) | XML (XSD) | Active (v3.6.2) | http://www.mismo.org/residential/2009/schemas | 1999 / 2025 | US mortgage standard; required by GSEs |
| Finance & Insurance | ACORD Data Standards | ACORD | https://www.acord.org/standards-architecture/acord-data-standards | Exchange Format | XML Schema | MISMO, ISO 20022 | ACORD | XML/JSON/AL3 | Active | http://www.ACORD.org/standards/ | 1980s / ongoing | Insurance P&C, Life, Reinsurance; specs membership-gated |
| Finance & Insurance | Open Financial Exchange | OFX | https://www.ofx.org/ | Exchange Format | — | FDX API, QIF | Financial Data Exchange (FDX) | XML/SGML | Active (2.3) | — | 1997 / 2020 | Bank/brokerage statement download; superseded by FDX API |
| Finance & Insurance | Card Transaction Messaging | ISO 8583 | https://www.iso.org/standard/79451.html | Messaging Standard | — | ISO 20022, nexo | ISO TC68/SC9 | Binary/bitmap | Published (2023) | — | 1987 / 2023 | Underpins ATM/POS card transactions |
| Finance & Insurance | Single Euro Payments Area Schemes | SEPA | https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/what-we-do/epc-payment-schemes | Application Profile | ISO 20022 messages | CBPR+, Nexo | European Payments Council | XML (XSD subsets) | Active (2025 rulebooks) | urn:iso:std:iso:20022:tech:xsd:pain.001.001.09 | 2008 / 2025 | EPC XSDs are validation subsets of ISO 20022 |
| Finance & Insurance | Banking Industry Architecture Network | BIAN | https://bian.org/servicelandscape-14-0-0/ | Framework | — | TOGAF, IFW | BIAN e.V. | OpenAPI/AsyncAPI YAML | Active (14.0.0) | — | 2008 / 2026 | Banking service-domain reference architecture |
| Finance & Insurance | Common Domain Model | CDM | https://cdm.finos.org/docs/cdm-overview/ | Metamodel | Rune DSL | FpML, FIBO | FINOS (orig. ISDA) | Rune DSL/JSON | Active (6.0.0) | — | 2017 / v6.0 | OTC derivatives, repo, securities lending; import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | Financial Desktop Connectivity & Collaboration | FDC3 | https://fdc3.finos.org/docs/fdc3-standard/ | Framework | JSON Schema | OpenFin, Glue42 | FINOS (orig. OpenFin) | TS/JSON Schema | Active (2.2) | — | 2017 / 2025 | Desktop interop API + context data |
| Finance & Insurance | Market Data Definition Language | MDDL | https://xml.coverpages.org/mddl.html | Exchange Format | XML | FIX/FAST, ISO 20022 | FISD/SIIA (former) | XML | Deprecated | http://www.mddl.org/mddl/3.0 | 2000 / 2007 | Historical; superseded by FIX/ISO 20022/FIBO |
| Finance & Insurance | Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange | SDMX | https://sdmx.org/standards-2/ | Exchange Format | ISO 17369 | DDI, XBRL | SDMX initiative; ISO TC154 | SDMX-ML/JSON/CSV | Active (3.1) | — | 2004 / 2025 | Sponsored by BIS/ECB/Eurostat/IMF/OECD/UN/WB; import candidate |
| Finance & Insurance | Data Documentation Initiative | DDI | https://ddialliance.org/ddi-lifecycle | Metamodel | XML Schema | SDMX, DCAT | DDI Alliance | XML/RDF/JSON | Active | — | 1995 / 2020 (3.3) | Codebook (DDI2) vs Lifecycle (DDI3); DDI-CDI adds RDF |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | GS1 General Specifications / GTIN | GTIN | https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/ | Code List | — | UPC, eCl@ss | GS1 AISBL | PDF spec; AI encoding | Active (v25) | — | 1970s / 2025 | Core GS1 identifier standard; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Electronic Product Code Information Services | EPCIS | https://ref.gs1.org/standards/epcis/ | Exchange Format | GS1 standards | EDIFACT, OAGIS | GS1 AISBL | XML/JSON-LD; REST | Active (2.0.1) | urn:epcglobal:epcis: | 2007 / 2.0 | Supply-chain event visibility; ISO/IEC 19987; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | GS1 Digital Link | Digital Link | https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/ | Exchange Format | GS1 keys | schema.org, IRI | GS1 AISBL | HTTPS URI; JSON-LD | Active (1.1.x) | https://id.gs1.org/ | 2018 / 2024 | Encodes GS1 keys as web URLs; behind 2D/QR barcodes |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Global Data Synchronisation Network | GDSN | https://www.gs1.org/standards/gdsn | Exchange Format | GS1 XML | UBL, cXML | GS1 AISBL | XML (BMS/XSD) | Active (3.1.31) | urn:gs1:gdsn: | 2004 / 2025 | Certified data pools for master product data |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | schema.org Product | schema.org/Product | https://schema.org/Product | Controlled Vocabulary | GoodRelations | GoodRelations, UNSPSC | Schema.org / W3C CG | RDF; JSON-LD | Active (v30.0) | https://schema.org/Product | 2011 / 2026 | General product type; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | schema.org Offer | schema.org/Offer | https://schema.org/Offer | Controlled Vocabulary | GoodRelations | GoodRelations, UBL | Schema.org / W3C CG | RDF; JSON-LD | Active (v30.0) | https://schema.org/Offer | 2011 / 2026 | Models sale/offer (price, availability) |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | UN Standard Products and Services Code | UNSPSC | https://www.unspsc.org/ | Code List | — | eCl@ss, CPV | UNDP (was GS1 US to 2024) | 8-digit hierarchy | Active (v26.0801) | — | 1998 / 2023 | Global procurement classification; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | eCl@ss | ECLASS | https://eclass.eu/ | Controlled Vocabulary | ISO 13584-32 (ontoML) | ETIM, UNSPSC | ECLASS e.V. | CSV/XML; IRDI | Active (16.0) | — | 2000 / R16 | Cross-industry classes + property dictionary; Industry 4.0; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | ETIM | ETIM | https://www.etim-international.com/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | eCl@ss, UNSPSC | ETIM International | XML/BMEcat | Active (10.0) | — | 1990s / 10.0 | Technical product classification (electro/HVAC/plumbing) |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Universal Business Language | UBL | https://docs.oasis-open.org/ubl/os-UBL-2.4/UBL-2.4.html | Schema Language | XML Schema | OAGIS, CII | OASIS | XML (XSD) | OASIS Standard (2.4) | urn:oasis:names:specification:ubl:schema:xsd: | 2004 / 2024 | Royalty-free business documents; basis for Peppol; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | UN/EDIFACT | EDIFACT | https://unece.org/trade/uncefact/unedifact | Messaging Standard | ISO 9735 | ANSI X12, UBL | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | EDI segments | Active (D.25x) | — | 1987 / 2025 | Foundational international EDI; EANCOM is a subset |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | ANSI ASC X12 | X12 | https://x12.org/ | Messaging Standard | — | EDIFACT, UBL | ASC X12 (ANSI) | EDI; also XML | Active (008060) | — | 1979 / 2026 | US cross-industry EDI (healthcare/supply/finance) |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Commerce XML | cXML | https://cxml.org/ | Exchange Format | XML (DTD) | OAGIS, UBL | SAP (orig. Ariba) | XML (DTD) | Active (1.2.070) | — | 1999 / 2026 | B2B procurement: PunchOut, POs, invoices |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Open Applications Group Integration Spec | OAGIS | https://oagi.org/pages/oagis | Schema Language | XML Schema | UBL, cXML | Open Applications Group (OAGi) | XML/JSON | Active (10.x) | http://www.openapplications.org/oagis/10 | 1995 / v10 | Canonical Business Object Documents (BODs) |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Peppol Business Interoperability Specs | Peppol BIS | https://docs.peppol.eu/poacc/billing/3.0/ | Application Profile | UBL 2.1 / EN 16931 | UBL, CII | OpenPeppol AISBL | XML (UBL) | Active (3.0.20) | urn:cen.eu:en16931:2017 | 2014 / 2025 | EU e-invoicing/e-procurement profiles; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Petroleum Industry Data Exchange | PIDX | https://pidx.org/standards/schemas/ | Exchange Format | XML Schema | cXML, EDIFACT | PIDX International | XML (XSD) | Active | http://www.api.org/pidXML/v1.0 | 1987 / ongoing | Oil & gas eInvoicing/eOrdering/field tickets |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | RosettaNet | RosettaNet | https://www.gs1us.org/resources/rosettanet | Messaging Standard | XML | EDIFACT, cXML | GS1 US | XML (PIPs/RNIF) | Active (legacy) | — | 1998 / maintained | High-tech/semiconductor supply chains |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | OpenTravel Specification | OTA | https://opentravel.org/download-specs/ | Exchange Format | XML | UBL, EDIFACT | Open Travel Foundation (Linux Fdn) | XML/JSON | Active | http://www.opentravel.org/OTA/2003/05 | 1999 / 2016 (2.0) | Travel messaging (air/hotel/car/cruise) |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | PACT Product Carbon Footprint Exchange | PACT/PCF | https://wbcsd.github.io/tr/data-exchange-protocol/latest/ | Exchange Format | ISO 14067 / GHG Protocol | TfS PCF, ISO 14067 | WBCSD (PACT) | JSON; REST/OpenAPI | Active (3.0.3) | — | 2021 / 2024 | B2B primary-data PCF exchange; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Common Procurement Vocabulary | CPV | https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/public-procurement/digital-procurement/common-procurement-vocabulary_en | Controlled Vocabulary | — | UNSPSC, eCl@ss | European Commission | 9-digit codes; SKOS/RDF | Active | http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/cpv | 2002 / 2008 | Mandatory in EU public procurement; SKOS import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Open Contracting Data Standard | OCDS | https://standard.open-contracting.org/ | Schema Language | JSON Schema | TED, eForms | Open Contracting Partnership | JSON (Schema) | Active (1.1.5) | — | 2014 / v1.1.5 | Full contracting lifecycle; 50+ governments |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | General Transit Feed Specification | GTFS | https://gtfs.org/ | Exchange Format | — | NeTEx, Datex II | MobilityData | CSV/protobuf | Active | — | 2005 / ongoing | De facto transit schedule + realtime standard |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | DATEX II | DATEX II | https://datex2.eu/ | Exchange Format | UML/XML Schema | GTFS, NeTEx | CEN/TC 278 | XML (XSD); JSON v3 | Active (v3.7) | http://datex2.eu/schema/3/ | 2006 / 2025 | European traffic/travel information exchange |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | HR Open Standards | HR Open | https://www.hropenstandards.org/standards-downloads | Schema Language | HR-XML | OAGIS, schema.org JobPosting | HR Open Standards Consortium | XML/JSON | Active (4.3.0) | http://ns.hr-xml.org/ | 1999 / 2025 | HR data interchange (recruiting/payroll/time) |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Meta-Object Facility | MOF | https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/2.5.1/ | Metamodel | — | Ecore (EMF), GOPRR | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/MOF | 1997/2019 | Foundational M3 metamodel; import candidate |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Unified Modeling Language | UML | https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1/ | Modeling Language | MOF | SysML, ArchiMate | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/UML | 1997/2017 | Core OO modeling language; import candidate |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Model-Driven Architecture | MDA | https://www.omg.org/mda/ | Framework | MOF | DSM, MDD | OMG | spec | Standard | omg.org/mda | 2001/2014 | CIM/PIM/PSM transformation framework |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | XML Metadata Interchange | XMI | https://www.omg.org/spec/XMI/2.5.1/ | Exchange Format | MOF | Ecore XMI, JSON-MOF | OMG | XML | Standard | omg.org/spec/XMI | 1998/2015 | Serialization of MOF models to XML |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Object Constraint Language | OCL | https://www.omg.org/spec/OCL/2.4/ | Modeling Language | MOF/UML | EVL, SBVR | OMG | spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/OCL | 1997/2014 | Constraint/query language over MOF models |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Business Process Model and Notation | BPMN | https://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0.2/ | Modeling Language | MOF | CMMN, EPC, UML AD | OMG | XML/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/BPMN | 2004/2013 | Also ISO/IEC 19510; import candidate |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Decision Model and Notation | DMN | https://www.omg.org/spec/DMN/1.5/ | Modeling Language | MOF | PRR, DRD, rule engines | OMG | XML/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/DMN | 2015/2024 | Decision tables + FEEL expression language |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Case Management Model and Notation | CMMN | https://www.omg.org/spec/CMMN/1.1/ | Modeling Language | MOF | BPMN, DMN | OMG | XML/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/CMMN | 2014/2016 | Adaptive/knowledge-worker case modeling |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Systems Modeling Language | SysML | https://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/2.0/ | Modeling Language | UML | Capella/Arcadia, AADL | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/SysML | 2006/2024 | UML profile for systems engineering; v2 KerML-based |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | ArchiMate | ArchiMate | https://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/archimate32-doc/ | Modeling Language | — | UML, BPMN | The Open Group | spec | Standard | opengroup.org/archimate | 2004/2023 | EA modeling language; 3.2 current; import candidate |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | TOGAF | TOGAF | https://www.opengroup.org/togaf | Framework | — | Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF | The Open Group | spec | Standard | opengroup.org/togaf | 1995/2022 | EA method (ADM) + content metamodel |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Zachman Framework | Zachman | https://zachman-feac.com/zachman/about-the-zachman-framework | Framework | — | TOGAF, FEAF | Zachman Int'l | matrix | Proprietary | — | 1987/2011 | 6x6 EA ontology/classification schema |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Integration DEFinition for Function Modeling | IDEF0 | https://www.idef.com/idef0-function-modeling-method/ | Modeling Language | SADT | BPMN, UML AD | KBSI/NIST | spec | Standard (FIPS 183) | — | 1981/1993 | Function modeling; FIPS PUB 183 |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Integration DEFinition for Information Modeling | IDEF1X | https://www.idef.com/idef1x-data-modeling-method/ | Modeling Language | ER model | ER (Chen), IE notation | KBSI/NIST | spec | Standard (FIPS 184) | — | 1985/1993 | Relational data modeling; FIPS PUB 184 |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Software & Systems Process Engineering Metamodel | SPEM | https://www.omg.org/spec/SPEM/2.0/ | Metamodel | MOF/UML | Essence, OPF | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/SPEM | 2002/2008 | Process engineering metamodel |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Service oriented architecture Modeling Language | SoaML | https://www.omg.org/spec/SoaML/1.0.1/ | Modeling Language | UML | UML profiles, WSDL | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/SoaML | 2009/2012 | UML profile + metamodel for SOA |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Unified Architecture Framework | UAF | https://www.omg.org/spec/UAF/1.2/ | Framework | UML/SysML | DoDAF, MODAF, NAF | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/UAF | 2017/2022 | Unifies DoDAF/MODAF/NAF; import candidate |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Business Motivation Model | BMM | https://www.omg.org/spec/BMM/1.3/ | Metamodel | MOF | ArchiMate Motivation, e3value | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/BMM | 2005/2015 | Ends/means/influencers metamodel |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Rules | SBVR | https://www.omg.org/spec/SBVR/1.5/ | Ontology | MOF | OWL, OCL, RuleML | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/SBVR | 2008/2019 | Business vocabulary + rules in controlled NL; import candidate |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Value Delivery Modeling Language | VDML | https://www.omg.org/spec/VDML/1.1/ | Modeling Language | MOF | e3value, BMM, ArchiMate | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/VDML | 2015/2018 | Value network / business model design |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Common Warehouse Metamodel | CWM | https://www.omg.org/spec/CWM/1.1/ | Metamodel | MOF/UML | IBM/Information models | OMG | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/CWM | 2001/2003 | Data warehouse / metadata interchange |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Requirements Interchange Format | ReqIF | https://www.omg.org/spec/ReqIF/1.2/ | Exchange Format | MOF | ReqIFz, DOORS | OMG | XML | Standard | omg.org/spec/ReqIF | 2011/2016 | Tool-neutral requirements exchange |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | AUTOSAR | AUTOSAR | https://www.autosar.org/standards | Framework | — | EAST-ADL, MARTE | AUTOSAR Partnership | ARXML | Standard | autosar.org | 2003/2024 | Automotive SW architecture; ARXML metamodel |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | EAST-ADL | EAST-ADL | https://www.east-adl.info/Specification.html | Modeling Language | UML/SysML | AUTOSAR, AADL | EAST-ADL Association | spec | Standard | east-adl.info | 2004/2013 | Automotive architecture description language |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Arcadia / Capella | Arcadia | https://mbse-capella.org/arcadia.html | Modeling Language | — | SysML, UAF | Eclipse / Thales | spec/EMF | Open | mbse-capella.org | 2007/2023 | MBSE method + Capella tooling (EMF/Ecore) |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | C4 Model | C4 | https://c4model.com/ | Modeling Language | — | UML, ArchiMate | Simon Brown | notation | Open | c4model.com | 2011/2024 | Lightweight software architecture diagrams |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Essence – Kernel and Language | Essence | https://www.omg.org/spec/Essence/1.2/ | Metamodel | MOF | SPEM, OPF | OMG / SEMAT | XMI/spec | Standard | omg.org/spec/Essence | 2014/2018 | Method-agnostic SE kernel; import candidate |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Architecture Description (ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010) | ISO 42010 | https://www.iso.org/standard/74393.html | Framework | — | TOGAF, DoDAF, Zachman | ISO/IEC/IEEE | spec | Standard | iso.org/std/74393 | 2007/2022 | Architecture description conceptual model (views/viewpoints) |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Petri Nets (ISO/IEC 15909) | PNML | https://www.iso.org/standard/67235.html | Modeling Language | — | BPMN, state machines | ISO/IEC | spec/XML | Standard | iso.org/std/15909 | 1962/2019 | Concurrency formalism; PNML interchange |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Entity-Relationship Model | ER | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/320434.320440 | Modeling Language | — | IDEF1X, UML class, IE | P. Chen (academic) | notation | De facto | — | 1976 | Conceptual data modeling foundation |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | IDEAS Group Foundation | IDEAS | https://www.ideasgroup.org/foundation/ | Ontology | BORO | UAF, DoDAF, MODAF | IDEAS Group | spec | Standard | ideasgroup.org | 2005/2014 | Upper ontology for defence EA; import candidate |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSON Schema | JSON Schema | https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12 | Schema Language | — | XSD, RELAX NG, CUE | JSON Schema Org | JSON | Draft (de facto) | json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema | 2010/2022 | Structural validation vocabulary; import candidate |
| Data, API & Serialization | OpenAPI Specification | OpenAPI | https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html | API Description | JSON Schema | RAML, AsyncAPI, WSDL | OpenAPI Initiative (LF) | JSON/YAML | Standard | spec.openapis.org/oas | 2011/2025 | REST API description; v3.1 aligns with JSON Schema; import candidate |
| Data, API & Serialization | AsyncAPI Specification | AsyncAPI | https://www.asyncapi.com/docs/reference/specification/latest | API Description | JSON Schema | OpenAPI, CloudEvents | AsyncAPI Initiative (LF) | JSON/YAML | Standard | asyncapi.com | 2017/2026 | Event-driven API description; v3.1.0 current |
| Data, API & Serialization | GraphQL Schema Definition Language | GraphQL SDL | https://spec.graphql.org/ | Schema Language | — | OpenAPI, OData | GraphQL Foundation (LF) | spec | Standard | spec.graphql.org | 2015/2021 | Type system + query language for APIs |
| Data, API & Serialization | Open Data Protocol (CSDL) | OData | https://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/odata/v4.01/odata-v4.01-part3-csdl.html | API Description | EDM | GraphQL, OpenAPI | OASIS | XML/JSON | Standard | docs.oasis-open.org/odata | 2007/2020 | RESTful data access; CSDL schema metamodel |
| Data, API & Serialization | Protocol Buffers | Protobuf | https://protobuf.dev/reference/protobuf/proto3-spec/ | Serialization Format | — | Avro, Thrift, Cap'n Proto | Google / Apache | binary/IDL | Open | protobuf.dev | 2008/2024 | gRPC IDL + binary serialization; import candidate |
| Data, API & Serialization | gRPC | gRPC | https://grpc.io/docs/what-is-grpc/core-concepts/ | Interface Definition Language | Protocol Buffers | Thrift, Cap'n Proto RPC | CNCF | spec | Open | grpc.io | 2016/2024 | RPC framework over Protobuf IDL |
| Data, API & Serialization | Apache Avro | Avro | https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/ | Serialization Format | — | Protobuf, Thrift, Parquet | Apache | JSON schema/binary | Open | avro.apache.org | 2009/2024 | Schema-based row serialization w/ evolution |
| Data, API & Serialization | Apache Thrift | Thrift | https://thrift.apache.org/docs/idl | Interface Definition Language | — | Protobuf, gRPC, Avro | Apache | IDL/binary | Open | thrift.apache.org | 2007/2021 | Cross-language RPC + serialization |
| Data, API & Serialization | XML Schema Definition | XSD | https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/ | Schema Language | — | RELAX NG, DTD, JSON Schema | W3C | XML | Recommendation | w3.org/2001/XMLSchema | 2001/2012 | XML structural/datatype validation |
| Data, API & Serialization | RELAX NG | RELAX NG | https://relaxng.org/spec-20011203.html | Schema Language | — | XSD, DTD, Schematron | OASIS / ISO | XML/compact | Standard | relaxng.org/ns | 2001/2008 | ISO/IEC 19757-2; XML grammar schema |
| Data, API & Serialization | Document Type Definition | DTD | https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#dt-doctype | Schema Language | SGML | XSD, RELAX NG | W3C | spec | Recommendation | — | 1998/2008 | Legacy XML grammar (part of XML 1.0) |
| Data, API & Serialization | JavaScript Object Notation | JSON | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8259 | Serialization Format | — | YAML, CBOR, MessagePack | IETF | text | Standard (RFC 8259) | — | 2006/2017 | Also ECMA-404; foundational data format |
| Data, API & Serialization | YAML Ain't Markup Language | YAML | https://yaml.org/spec/1.2.2/ | Serialization Format | — | JSON, TOML | YAML.org | text | Spec | yaml.org/spec | 2001/2021 | JSON superset; human-friendly config |
| Data, API & Serialization | Tom's Obvious Minimal Language | TOML | https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0 | Serialization Format | — | YAML, JSON, INI | TOML Project | text | Stable | toml.io | 2013/2021 | Config file format |
| Data, API & Serialization | Comma-Separated Values | CSV | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4180 | Exchange Format | — | TSV, Table Schema | IETF | text | Informational (RFC 4180) | text/csv | 2005 | Tabular text interchange |
| Data, API & Serialization | Apache Parquet | Parquet | https://parquet.apache.org/docs/file-format/ | Serialization Format | — | ORC, Arrow, Avro | Apache | binary/columnar | Open | parquet.apache.org | 2013/2024 | Columnar on-disk storage; import candidate |
| Data, API & Serialization | Apache Arrow | Arrow | https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/Columnar.html | Serialization Format | — | Parquet, ORC, FlatBuffers | Apache | binary/columnar | Open | arrow.apache.org | 2016/2024 | In-memory columnar interchange format |
| Data, API & Serialization | Optimized Row Columnar | ORC | https://orc.apache.org/specification/ | Serialization Format | — | Parquet, Arrow | Apache | binary/columnar | Open | orc.apache.org | 2013/2024 | Columnar storage (Hive ecosystem) |
| Data, API & Serialization | MessagePack | MessagePack | https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md | Serialization Format | — | CBOR, BSON, Protobuf | MessagePack Org | binary | Open | msgpack.org | 2008/2021 | Compact binary JSON-like format |
| Data, API & Serialization | Concise Binary Object Representation | CBOR | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949 | Serialization Format | JSON model | MessagePack, BSON | IETF | binary | Standard (RFC 8949) | — | 2013/2020 | Binary data model derived from JSON; STD 94 |
| Data, API & Serialization | Binary JSON | BSON | https://bsonspec.org/spec.html | Serialization Format | JSON model | MessagePack, CBOR | MongoDB | binary | Open | bsonspec.org | 2009/2021 | MongoDB binary JSON encoding |
| Data, API & Serialization | FlatBuffers | FlatBuffers | https://flatbuffers.dev/ | Serialization Format | — | Cap'n Proto, Protobuf | Google | binary/IDL | Open | flatbuffers.dev | 2014/2024 | Zero-copy serialization |
| Data, API & Serialization | Cap'n Proto | Cap'n Proto | https://capnproto.org/language.html | Interface Definition Language | — | FlatBuffers, Protobuf | Sandstorm/Cap'n Proto | binary/IDL | Open | capnproto.org | 2013/2023 | Zero-copy + RPC serialization |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSON:API | JSON:API | https://jsonapi.org/format/ | API Description | JSON | HAL, OData, HATEOAS | JSON:API Org | JSON | Stable | jsonapi.org/format | 2013/2022 | Hypermedia JSON API convention |
| Data, API & Serialization | Hypertext Application Language | HAL | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-kelly-json-hal | API Description | JSON | JSON:API, Siren | M. Kelly (IETF I-D) | JSON/XML | Draft | — | 2012/2016 | Hypermedia link convention |
| Data, API & Serialization | RESTful API Modeling Language | RAML | https://github.com/raml-org/raml-spec/blob/master/versions/raml-10/raml-10.md | API Description | YAML | OpenAPI, API Blueprint | RAML Workgroup | YAML | Spec (legacy) | raml.org | 2013/2019 | API design language (largely superseded by OpenAPI) |
| Data, API & Serialization | Web Services Description Language | WSDL | https://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl20/ | Interface Definition Language | XSD | OpenAPI, OData, gRPC | W3C | XML | Recommendation | w3.org/ns/wsdl | 2001/2007 | SOAP/web-service interface description |
| Data, API & Serialization | Simple Object Access Protocol | SOAP | https://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part1/ | Exchange Format | XML | REST, gRPC, JSON-RPC | W3C | XML | Recommendation | w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope | 1999/2007 | XML messaging protocol |
| Data, API & Serialization | XSL Transformations | XSLT | https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/ | Schema Language | XPath | XQuery, JSONata | W3C | XML | Recommendation | w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform | 1999/2017 | XML transformation language |
| Data, API & Serialization | XML Path Language | XPath | https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-31/ | Schema Language | — | JSONPath, XQuery | W3C | spec | Recommendation | — | 1999/2017 | XML node selection/expression language |
| Data, API & Serialization | Frictionless Table Schema | Table Schema | https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/table-schema/ | Schema Language | JSON | JSON Schema, CSVW | Open Knowledge Fdn | JSON | Spec | specs.frictionlessdata.io | 2012/2024 | Schema for tabular (CSV) data |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSON Hyper-Schema | Hyper-Schema | https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/json-schema-hypermedia | Schema Language | JSON Schema | HAL, JSON:API | JSON Schema Org | JSON | Draft (paused) | json-schema.org/hyper-schema | 2013/2019 | Hypermedia vocabulary for JSON Schema |
| Data, API & Serialization | CloudEvents | CloudEvents | https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0.2/cloudevents/spec.md | Exchange Format | — | AsyncAPI, Avro, JSON | CNCF | JSON/proto/Avro | Standard | cloudevents.io | 2018/2022 | Event metadata envelope spec; import candidate |
| Data, API & Serialization | SQL Information Schema (ISO/IEC 9075) | SQL | https://www.iso.org/standard/76583.html | Schema Language | — | GraphQL, OData | ISO/IEC | spec | Standard | iso.org/std/9075 | 1987/2023 | Relational query language + INFORMATION_SCHEMA metamodel |
| Data, API & Serialization | Apache Iceberg | Iceberg | https://iceberg.apache.org/spec/ | Serialization Format | Parquet/Avro/ORC | Delta Lake, Hudi | Apache | binary/metadata | Open | iceberg.apache.org | 2017/2024 | Open table format; metadata layer over Parquet; import candidate |
| Data, API & Serialization | Delta Lake | Delta | https://github.com/delta-io/delta/blob/master/PROTOCOL.md | Serialization Format | Parquet | Iceberg, Hudi | Linux Foundation | binary/metadata | Open | delta.io | 2019/2024 | Open table format w/ transaction log over Parquet |
| HR, Skills & Education | Occupational Information Network | O*NET | https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html | Ontology | — | ESCO, ISCO-08 | U.S. DOL ETA | Database (text/SQL/Excel) | Active | — | 1998 / 2024 | US occupational descriptors w/ skills/abilities/tasks |
| HR, Skills & Education | European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations | ESCO | https://esco.ec.europa.eu/en/classification | Controlled Vocabulary | ISCO-08 | O*NET, Lightcast Open Skills | European Commission DG EMPL | RDF / SKOS / CSV / JSON-LD | Active | http://data.europa.eu/esco/ | 2017 / 2022 | Multilingual LOD skills+occupations; strong import candidate |
| HR, Skills & Education | International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 | ISCO-08 | https://www.ilo.org/publications/international-standard-classification-occupations-2008-isco-08-structure | Code List | ISCO-88 | SOC, NACE | International Labour Organization | Code list (PDF/CSV) | Active | — | 2008 | Global occupation code list underpinning ESCO |
| HR, Skills & Education | Credential Transparency Description Language | CTDL | https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms | Ontology | schema.org | ELM, CASE | Credential Engine | RDF / JSON-LD / Turtle | Active | https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ | 2016 / 2024 | Linked-data schema for credentials/competencies; strong import candidate |
| HR, Skills & Education | CTDL Achievement Standards Network | CTDL-ASN | https://credreg.net/ctdlasn/terms | Ontology | CTDL | CASE | Credential Engine | RDF / JSON-LD | Active | https://credreg.net/ctdlasn/terms/ | 2016 / 2024 | CTDL vocabulary for competency frameworks; import candidate |
| HR, Skills & Education | Lightcast Open Skills | Open Skills | https://lightcast.io/open-skills | Controlled Vocabulary | — | ESCO, O*NET | Lightcast (Emsi Burning Glass) | CSV / JSON / API | Active | — | 2018 / 2024 | Open library of 32k+ labour-market skills; import candidate |
| HR, Skills & Education | Skills Framework for the Information Age | SFIA | https://sfia-online.org/en/sfia-9 | Framework | — | e-CF, NICE Framework | SFIA Foundation | PDF / spreadsheet / API | Active | — | 2000 / 2024 | Digital/IT professional skills-and-levels framework |
| HR, Skills & Education | Europass European Learning Model | ELM (EDCI) | https://github.com/european-commission-empl/European-Learning-Model | Application Profile | W3C VCDM | Open Badges, CLR | European Commission DG EMPL | XSD / JSON-LD / RDF | Active | http://data.europa.eu/snb/ | 2019 / 2023 | EU learning/credential data model; VC-based, ESCO-aligned |
| HR, Skills & Education | Open Badges | OB 3.0 | https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/ob/v3p0 | Application Profile | W3C VCDM | CLR, ELM | 1EdTech Consortium | JSON-LD | Active | https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob/v3p0/context | 2013 / 2024 | Verifiable digital badge credentials aligned to W3C VC |
| HR, Skills & Education | Comprehensive Learner Record | CLR | https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/clr/v2p0 | Application Profile | Open Badges | ELM, PESC eTranscript | 1EdTech Consortium | JSON-LD | Active | https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/clr/v2p0/context | 2020 / 2023 | Verifiable lifelong record of achievements/competencies |
| HR, Skills & Education | Verifiable Credentials (Education profile) | VC-EDU | https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/ | Metamodel | — | Open Badges, ELM | W3C (VC WG; VC-EDU CG) | JSON-LD / data model | Active | https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1 | 2019 / 2025 | VC model that OB/CLR/ELM education profiles extend |
| HR, Skills & Education | Learning Tools Interoperability | LTI | https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/lti/v1p3 | Protocol | OAuth 2.0 / OIDC | xAPI, Caliper | 1EdTech Consortium | JSON / JWT / REST | Active | https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/lti/ | 2010 / 2019 | LMS-to-tool launch and services protocol |
| HR, Skills & Education | Question and Test Interoperability | QTI | https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/oview | Exchange Format | APIP | SCORM, xAPI | 1EdTech Consortium | XML | Active | — | 2000 / 2022 | Assessment item and test content interchange |
| HR, Skills & Education | Caliper Analytics | Caliper | https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/caliper/v1p2 | Exchange Format | — | xAPI | 1EdTech Consortium | JSON-LD | Active | http://purl.imsglobal.org/ctx/caliper/v1p2 | 2015 / 2020 | Learning-event metric profiles and sensor API |
| HR, Skills & Education | Experience API | xAPI (Tin Can) | https://github.com/adlnet/xAPI-Spec | Exchange Format | SCORM | Caliper Analytics | Advanced Distributed Learning | JSON / REST | Active | http://adlnet.gov/expapi/ | 2013 / 2023 | Actor-verb-object learning statements to an LRS |
| HR, Skills & Education | Sharable Content Object Reference Model | SCORM | https://adlnet.gov/projects/scorm/ | Exchange Format | AICC / IMS CP | xAPI, cmi5 | Advanced Distributed Learning | XML / ZIP package | Legacy | — | 2000 / 2009 | Legacy e-learning packaging+runtime; superseded by xAPI |
| HR, Skills & Education | Learning Resource Metadata Initiative | LRMI | https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/lrmi/ | Application Profile | schema.org | CEDS, ELM | DCMI | RDF / schema.org markup | Active | http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/ | 2011 / 2020 | schema.org extension for educational resources |
| HR, Skills & Education | Competencies and Academic Standards Exchange | CASE | https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/case/v1p1 | Exchange Format | — | CTDL-ASN, CEDS | 1EdTech Consortium | JSON / REST | Active | — | 2017 / 2025 | Machine-readable exchange of learning standards |
| HR, Skills & Education | PESC Standards | PESC | https://pesc.org/approved-standards/ | Exchange Format | — | CLR, CEDS | Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council | XML / JSON-LD | Active | — | 1997 / 2023 | Postsecondary transcript and admissions interchange |
| HR, Skills & Education | Common Education Data Standards | CEDS | https://ceds.ed.gov/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | PESC, CASE | U.S. NCES / Dept. of Education | Data dictionary / XML / CSV | Active | — | 2010 / 2024 | Shared US K-20W data element dictionary |
| HR, Skills & Education | International Standard Classification of Education | ISCED | https://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/international-standard-classification-education-isced | Code List | ISCED-97 | ISCO-08, EQF | UNESCO Institute for Statistics | Code list (PDF/CSV) | Active | — | 2011 | Global education-level/attainment code list |
| HR, Skills & Education | Workforce Framework for Cybersecurity | NICE Framework | https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/181/r1/final | Framework | — | SFIA, ESCO | NIST (NICE program) | PDF / data | Active | — | 2017 / 2020 | Cybersecurity work roles/tasks/knowledge/skills lexicon |
| HR, Skills & Education | schema.org JobPosting | JobPosting | https://schema.org/JobPosting | Vocabulary | schema.org | HR Open, ESCO | Schema.org / W3C CG | RDFa / Microdata / JSON-LD | Active | https://schema.org/JobPosting | 2011 / 2024 | Web-markup type for job listings (Google Jobs) |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Decentralized Identifiers | DID | https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/ | Metamodel | RDF | Verifiable Credentials, X.509 | W3C | URI / JSON-LD | W3C Recommendation | did: scheme | 2022 | Foundation for SSI identifiers; import candidate |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Verifiable Credentials Data Model | VC | https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/ | Metamodel | RDF | mDL, AnonCreds, X.509 | W3C | JSON-LD / RDF | W3C Recommendation | https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1 | 2025 | Core SSI credential model; strong import candidate |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | OpenID Connect | OIDC | https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html | Protocol | OAuth 2.0 | SAML, OpenID4VC | OpenID Foundation | JSON / JWT | Final | — | 2014 | Identity layer atop OAuth 2.0; ubiquitous SSO |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework | OAuth | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749 | Protocol | — | SAML, OIDC | IETF | HTTP / JSON | RFC (Proposed Standard) | — | 2012 | Delegated-authorization framework |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Security Assertion Markup Language | SAML | https://docs.oasis-open.org/security/saml/v2.0/saml-core-2.0-os.pdf | Exchange Format | XML | OIDC, WS-Federation | OASIS | XML | OASIS Standard | urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion | 2005 | Legacy enterprise SSO/federation; XML assertions |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | System for Cross-domain Identity Management | SCIM | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643 | Schema Language | — | LDAP, SPML | IETF | JSON / HTTP | RFC (Proposed Standard) | urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0 | 2015 | User/Group provisioning schema (RFC 7643/7644) |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | X.509 Public Key Infrastructure | X.509 | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5280 | Schema Language | ASN.1 | PGP, DID, VC | ITU-T / IETF PKIX | DER / ASN.1 | RFC (Proposed Standard) | — | 2008 | Certificate format underpinning TLS and PKI |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | JSON Object Signing and Encryption / JWT | JOSE/JWT | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7519 | Exchange Format | JSON | CWT, X.509, PASETO | IETF | JSON | RFC (Proposed Standard) | — | 2015 | JWT/JWS/JWE/JWK token suite for OIDC/OAuth |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Web Authentication / FIDO2 | WebAuthn | https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-3/ | Protocol | CBOR | CTAP, Passkeys | W3C / FIDO Alliance | CBOR / JSON | W3C Recommendation | — | 2021 | Passwordless public-key authentication; passkeys |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Mobile Driving Licence | mDL | https://www.iso.org/standard/69084.html | Exchange Format | CBOR / COSE | VC, mdoc (ISO 23220) | ISO/IEC JTC 1 | CBOR / COSE | ISO/IEC Standard | — | 2021 | ISO/IEC 18013-5 mdoc; offline credential presentation |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Data Privacy Vocabulary | DPV | https://w3id.org/dpv/ | Ontology | RDF | ODRL, GConsent, schema.org | W3C DPVCG | RDF / OWL | CG Final Report | https://w3id.org/dpv# | 2024 | GDPR-aligned privacy taxonomy; strong import candidate |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | eXtensible Access Control Markup Language | XACML | https://docs.oasis-open.org/xacml/3.0/xacml-3.0-core-spec-os-en.html | Schema Language | XML | ODRL, ALFA, OPA/Rego | OASIS | XML | OASIS Standard | urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:core:schema | 2013 | Attribute-based access-control policy language |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | FHIR Consent | FHIR Consent | https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/consent.html | Application Profile | FHIR | DPV, ODRL | HL7 | JSON / XML / RDF | HL7 Standard (Normative) | http://hl7.org/fhir | 2019 | Healthcare privacy-consent resource within FHIR |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | OpenID for Verifiable Credentials | OpenID4VC | https://openid.net/sg/openid4vc/ | Protocol | OAuth 2.0 | VC, mDL, OIDC | OpenID Foundation | JSON / JWT | Final (1.0) | — | 2025 | OpenID4VCI/OpenID4VP; EUDI-wallet basis |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | ISO/IEC 27001 Controls | ISO 27001 | https://www.iso.org/standard/27001 | Controlled Vocabulary | — | NIST SP 800-53, CSF | ISO/IEC JTC 1 | Prose / PDF | ISO/IEC Standard | — | 2022 | Annex A ISMS control catalogue |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | NIST Cybersecurity Framework | NIST CSF | https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework | Framework | — | ISO 27001, NIST SP 800-53 | NIST | Prose / JSON | NIST Framework | — | 2024 | CSF 2.0 Govern/Identify/Protect/Detect/Respond/Recover |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Open Security Controls Assessment Language | OSCAL | https://pages.nist.gov/OSCAL/ | Schema Language | Metaschema | SCAP, SARIF | NIST | XML / JSON / YAML | NIST Standard (1.x) | http://csrc.nist.gov/ns/oscal/1.0 | 2021 | Machine-readable control/assessment model; import candidate |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Structured Threat Information Expression | STIX | https://docs.oasis-open.org/cti/stix/v2.1/os/stix-v2.1-os.html | Ontology | JSON | MISP, OpenIOC | OASIS CTI TC | JSON | OASIS Standard | — | 2021 | CTI object/graph model; import candidate |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Trusted Automated Exchange of Intelligence Information | TAXII | https://docs.oasis-open.org/cti/taxii/v2.1/os/taxii-v2.1-os.html | Protocol | HTTP | MISP API, EDXL | OASIS CTI TC | JSON / HTTP | OASIS Standard | — | 2021 | REST transport for STIX threat intelligence |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | MITRE ATT&CK | ATT&CK | https://attack.mitre.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | CAPEC, D3FEND | MITRE | STIX / JSON | Living Knowledge Base | — | 2015 | Adversary tactics/techniques taxonomy; STIX-serialized |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures | CVE | https://www.cve.org/ | Code List | — | GHSA, OSV | MITRE / CVE Program | JSON | Living Registry | — | 1999 | Canonical vulnerability identifier list (CVE JSON 5.x) |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Common Platform Enumeration | CPE | https://nvd.nist.gov/products/cpe | Controlled Vocabulary | — | PURL, SWID | NIST NVD | URI / Formatted String | NIST Standard (2.3) | — | 2011 | Structured product naming used in NVD/CVE |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Common Weakness Enumeration | CWE | https://cwe.mitre.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | CAPEC, OWASP Top 10 | MITRE | XML / JSON | Living Catalog | — | 2006 | Software/hardware weakness taxonomy linked from CVE |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Key Management Interoperability Protocol | KMIP | https://docs.oasis-open.org/kmip/kmip-spec/v2.1/kmip-spec-v2.1.html | Protocol | TTLV | PKCS#11, KMS APIs | OASIS | TTLV / XML / JSON | OASIS Standard | — | 2020 | Vendor-neutral key-management protocol |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Sigstore | Sigstore | https://docs.sigstore.dev/ | Framework | X.509 | Notary v2, in-toto, SLSA | OpenSSF / Linux Foundation | JSON / Protobuf | OpenSSF Project | — | 2021 | Keyless signing for software supply chain |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | schema.org Person | schema.org/Person | https://schema.org/Person | Vocabulary | RDF / RDFa | FOAF, vCard, DPV | W3C Schema.org CG | RDF / JSON-LD | Living Vocabulary | https://schema.org/ | 2011 | Lightweight person vocabulary |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Popolo | Popolo | https://www.popoloproject.com/specs/ | Vocabulary | — | Akoma Ntoso, W3C ORG | Open Government community | JSON / RDF | Stable | https://www.popoloproject.com/ | 2014 | Models people, orgs, memberships, votes; import candidate |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Akoma Ntoso | AKN | https://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/os/part1-vocabulary/akn-core-v1.0-os-part1-vocabulary.html | Exchange Format | — | LegalDocML, USLM | OASIS LegalDocML TC | XML | OASIS Standard | https://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0/ | 2018 | XML vocabulary for legislative/judicial/parliamentary docs |
| Government, Legal & Civic | LegalDocML | LegalDocML | https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=legaldocml | Schema Language | Akoma Ntoso | USLM, CEN MetaLex | OASIS LegalDocML TC | XML | OASIS Standard | https://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0/ | 2018 | Standardizes Akoma Ntoso as legal-document XML |
| Government, Legal & Civic | European Legislation Identifier | ELI | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli-register/about.html | Ontology | — | ECLI, Akoma Ntoso | Publications Office of the EU | RDF / URI Template | Stable (v1.5) | http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology# | 2012 | URI scheme + ontology for legislation; import candidate |
| Government, Legal & Civic | European Case Law Identifier | ECLI | https://e-justice.europa.eu/175/EN/european_case_law_identifier_ecli | Code List | — | ELI | European Commission / Council EU | URI scheme | Stable | — | 2011 | Identifier + metadata for EU court decisions |
| Government, Legal & Civic | LegalRuleML | LegalRuleML | https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0.html | Metamodel | RuleML | SBVR, Akoma Ntoso | OASIS LegalRuleML TC | XML / RDF | OASIS Standard | https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/ | 2021 | Rule-interchange for legal norms, deontic logic |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Asset Description Metadata Schema | ADMS | https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-adms/ | Vocabulary | DCAT | DCAT-AP, VoID | W3C / SEMIC | RDF | W3C Note | http://www.w3.org/ns/adms# | 2013 | Describes semantic assets like vocabularies and code lists |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Core Person Vocabulary | Core Person | https://semiceu.github.io/Core-Person-Vocabulary/releases/2.00/ | Vocabulary | — | FOAF, schema.org Person | SEMIC (European Commission) | RDF | Stable | http://www.w3.org/ns/person# | 2012 | Minimal person model for cross-border e-Gov; import candidate |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Core Business Vocabulary | Core Business | https://semiceu.github.io/Core-Business-Vocabulary/releases/2.00/ | Vocabulary | — | W3C ORG, schema.org Organization | SEMIC (European Commission) | RDF | Stable | http://www.w3.org/ns/legal# | 2012 | Core model of a registered legal entity; import candidate |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Core Location Vocabulary | Core Location | https://semiceu.github.io/Core-Location-Vocabulary/releases/2.00/ | Vocabulary | — | INSPIRE Addresses, schema.org PostalAddress | SEMIC (European Commission) | RDF | Stable | http://www.w3.org/ns/locn# | 2012 | Reusable address/geometry model under INSPIRE & DCAT-AP |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Core Public Service Vocabulary Application Profile | CPSV-AP | https://semiceu.github.io/CPSV-AP/releases/3.2.0/ | Application Profile | CPSV | schema.org GovernmentService | SEMIC (European Commission) | RDF | SEMIC Rec (v3.2) | http://purl.org/vocab/cpsv# | 2016 | Describes public services and life events; import candidate |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Frictionless Data Package | Data Package | https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/ | Schema Language | — | DCAT, CSVW | Open Knowledge Foundation | JSON | Stable (v2) | — | 2017 | Lightweight JSON dataset container + Table Schema |
| Government, Legal & Civic | schema.org GovernmentService | GovernmentService | https://schema.org/GovernmentService | Vocabulary | schema.org | CPSV-AP | W3C Schema.org CG | RDFa / JSON-LD | Stable | https://schema.org/GovernmentService | 2016 | Web-publishing type for government services |
| Government, Legal & Civic | National Information Exchange Model | NIEM | https://docs.oasis-open.org/niemopen/niem-model/v6.0/niem-model-v6.0.html | Exchange Format | — | UBL, FHIR | OASIS NIEMOpen TC | XML / JSON | OASIS Standard (v6.0) | http://release.niem.gov/niem/ | 2024 | Reference model for US cross-agency information exchange |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Open311 GeoReport | Open311 | https://wiki.open311.org/GeoReport_v2/ | Protocol | — | SeeClickFix API | Open311 community / OpenPlans | JSON / XML | Stable (v2) | — | 2011 | Open API for citizen 311 service requests |
| Government, Legal & Civic | OParl | OParl | https://oparl.org/spezifikation/ | Exchange Format | — | Popolo, RIS | OParl e.V. | JSON | Stable (v1.1) | https://schema.oparl.org/ | 2018 | Uniform API for German municipal council systems |
| Government, Legal & Civic | W3C Organization Ontology | ORG | https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-org/ | Ontology | — | Core Business Vocabulary, FOAF | W3C | RDF | W3C Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/org# | 2014 | Ontology for org structures/roles/memberships; import candidate |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Core Criterion and Core Evidence Vocabulary | CCCEV | https://semiceu.github.io/CCCEV/releases/2.00/ | Vocabulary | — | CPSV-AP, SHACL | SEMIC (European Commission) | RDF | Stable (v2.0) | http://data.europa.eu/m8g/ | 2017 | Models requirements and the evidence satisfying them |
| Government, Legal & Civic | StatDCAT Application Profile | StatDCAT-AP | https://semiceu.github.io/StatDCAT-AP/releases/ | Application Profile | DCAT-AP | GeoDCAT-AP, SDMX | SEMIC (European Commission) | RDF | Stable | http://data.europa.eu/m8g/stat/ | 2016 | Extends DCAT-AP for statistical datasets |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Web of Things Thing Description | WoT TD | https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-thing-description11/ | Ontology | JSON-LD | DTDL, AAS | W3C | JSON-LD | Recommendation (1.1) | https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/td# | 2020/2023 | JSON-LD affordance vocabulary; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Web of Things Thing Model | WoT TM | https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-thing-description11/#thing-model | Metamodel | WoT TD | DTDL Interface | W3C | JSON-LD | Recommendation | https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/td# | 2023 | Template/class for TD instances |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Smart Applications REFerence ontology | SAREF | https://saref.etsi.org/core/ | Ontology | ETSI SmartM2M | Brick, SSN/SOSA | ETSI (TC SmartM2M) | RDF/OWL | Published (v3.2.1) | https://saref.etsi.org/core/ | 2015/2023 | Core IoT device ontology; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | SAREF extension for Energy | SAREF4ENER | https://saref.etsi.org/saref4ener/ | Ontology | SAREF | SAREF4GRID | ETSI (TS 103 410-1) | RDF/OWL | Published (v2.1.1) | https://saref.etsi.org/saref4ener/ | 2017/2024 | Energy/flexibility extension; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | SAREF extension for Buildings | SAREF4BLDG | https://saref.etsi.org/saref4bldg/ | Ontology | SAREF | Brick, RealEstateCore | ETSI (TS 103 410-3) | RDF/OWL | Published | https://saref.etsi.org/saref4bldg/ | 2017/2020 | Aligns with IFC; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | SAREF for Systems | SAREF4SYST | https://saref.etsi.org/saref4syst/ | Ontology | SAREF | — | ETSI (TS 103 548) | RDF/OWL | Published (v1.1.2) | https://saref.etsi.org/saref4syst/ | 2020 | Generic systems/connections pattern |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Brick Schema | Brick | https://brickschema.org/ | Ontology | RDF/OWL, REC | Project Haystack, SAREF4BLDG | Brick Consortium | RDF/Turtle | Published (v1.3/1.4) | https://brickschema.org/schema/Brick# | 2016/2023 | Building metadata ontology; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Project Haystack | Haystack | https://project-haystack.org/doc/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | Brick | Project Haystack Org | Zinc/JSON/Xeto | Published (v4; Xeto) | — | 2014/2023 | Tagging model; Xeto adds ontology layer |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | NGSI-LD | NGSI-LD | https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/CIM/001_099/009/ | Exchange Format | JSON-LD, property graph | OGC SensorThings | ETSI (ISG CIM, GS CIM 009) | JSON-LD | Published (v1.x) | https://uri.etsi.org/ngsi-ld/ | 2019/2024 | Context info model; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | FIWARE Smart Data Models | SDM | https://smartdatamodels.org/ | Application Profile | NGSI-LD/JSON Schema | OGC, schema.org | FIWARE/TM Forum/IUDX/OASC | JSON Schema/JSON-LD | Published (rolling) | https://smartdatamodels.org/ | 2016/ongoing | Domain entity catalog; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | OPC Unified Architecture | OPC UA | https://reference.opcfoundation.org/ | Framework | — | DDS, MQTT | OPC Foundation (IEC 62541) | XML NodeSet/binary | Published | http://opcfoundation.org/UA/ | 2008/2022 | Information-modeling + transport stack |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | OPC UA Companion Specifications | OPC UA CS | https://opcfoundation.org/about/opc-technologies/opc-ua/ua-companion-specifications/ | Application Profile | OPC UA | — | OPC Foundation + partners | XML NodeSet | Published (60+) | — | 2010s/ongoing | Domain info models (Robotics, Machinery, etc.) |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | OPC UA for Devices | OPC UA DI | https://reference.opcfoundation.org/DI/ | Application Profile | OPC UA | FDI | OPC Foundation | XML NodeSet | Published (v1.04) | http://opcfoundation.org/UA/DI/ | 2013/2022 | Base device-integration model for companion specs |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Asset Administration Shell | AAS / IDTA | https://industrialdigitaltwin.org/en/content-hub/aasspecifications | Metamodel | — | DTDL, OPC UA | IDTA (IDTA-01001) | XML/JSON/RDF | Published (Part 1 v3.0) | https://admin-shell.io/aas/3/0 | 2018/2023 | Industrie 4.0 digital twin metamodel; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Digital Twin Definition Language | DTDL | https://github.com/Azure/opendigitaltwins-dtdl/blob/master/DTDL/v3/DTDL.Specification.v3.md | Ontology | JSON-LD | WoT TD, AAS | Microsoft (Azure) | JSON-LD | Published (v3) | dtmi:dtdl:context;3 | 2018/2023 | DTMI-based twin modeling; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | RealEstateCore | REC | https://doc.realestatecore.io/ | Ontology | DTDL/RDF | Brick, SAREF4BLDG | RealEstateCore Consortium | DTDL/RDF | Published (v4) | https://w3id.org/rec/ | 2018/2023 | Smart-building DTDL/RDF ontology; import candidate |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | oneM2M | oneM2M | https://www.onem2m.org/technical/published-specifications | Framework | — | OCF, LwM2M | oneM2M Partnership (TS-0001) | XML/JSON | Published (Rel 4/5) | http://www.onem2m.org/ | 2014/2023 | M2M service-layer; base ontology TS-0012 |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Matter | Matter | https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter/ | Application Profile | Dotdot/ZCL data model | OCF, Zigbee | Connectivity Standards Alliance | Binary (TLV) | Published (1.4) | — | 2022/2026 | Smart-home device data model over IP |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Dotdot / Zigbee Cluster Library | ZCL | https://csa-iot.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | Matter clusters | Connectivity Standards Alliance | Binary | Published | — | 2017 | Cluster/attribute data model; Matter ancestor |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Open Connectivity Foundation Spec | OCF | https://openconnectivity.org/developer/specifications/ | Framework | — | oneM2M, Matter | OCF (ISO/IEC 30118) | CBOR/JSON (RAML) | Published | http://openconnectivity.org/ | 2016/2021 | RESTful resource model; ISO/IEC 30118 |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Lightweight M2M | LwM2M | https://www.openmobilealliance.org/specifications/lwm2m | Framework | CoAP | oneM2M, OCF | OMA SpecWorks | CBOR/TLV/SenML | Published (v1.2) | urn:oma:lwm2m: | 2017/2020 | Device management; object registry |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | IPSO Smart Objects | IPSO | https://omaspecworks.org/develop-with-oma-specworks/ipso-smart-objects/ | Controlled Vocabulary | LwM2M | — | OMA SpecWorks | XML/JSON | Published | urn:oma:lwm2m:ext: | 2014/2018 | Reusable LwM2M object definitions |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | MQTT | MQTT | https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/mqtt-v5.0.html | Protocol | — | AMQP, CoAP | OASIS (ISO/IEC 20922) | Binary | Standard (v5.0) | — | 1999/2019 | Pub/sub transport; foundation for Sparkplug |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Constrained Application Protocol | CoAP | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7252 | Protocol | UDP/REST | MQTT | IETF (RFC 7252) | Binary | Standard (Proposed) | coap:// | 2014 | RESTful protocol for constrained devices |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Sparkplug | Sparkplug B | https://sparkplug.eclipse.org/specification/ | Application Profile | MQTT | — | Eclipse Foundation | Protobuf | Published (v3.0) | — | 2016/2022 | MQTT payload+topic namespace for SCADA |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | BACnet | BACnet | https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines | Protocol | — | KNX, Modbus | ASHRAE (Std 135 / ISO 16484-5) | Binary/ASN.1 | Published | — | 1995/2020 | Building automation object model + protocol |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | KNX | KNX | https://www.knx.org/knx-en/for-professionals/index.php | Protocol | — | BACnet, Modbus | KNX Association (ISO/IEC 14543-3) | Binary | Published | — | 2002/2020 | Home/building control bus standard |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Modbus | Modbus | https://www.modbus.org/specs.php | Protocol | — | BACnet | Modbus Organization | Binary/ASCII | Published | — | 1979/2012 | Register-based industrial fieldbus |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Digital Twin Framework for Manufacturing | ISO 23247 | https://www.iso.org/standard/75066.html | Framework | — | AAS, ISO 16400 | ISO/IEC JTC1 / ISO TC184 | PDF/normative | Published | — | 2021/2026 | Reference architecture for manufacturing twins |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Software Package Data Exchange | SPDX | https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/ | Exchange Format | — | CycloneDX, SWID | Linux Foundation (ISO/IEC 5962) | RDF/JSON-LD/Tag | Published (v3.0.1) | https://spdx.org/rdf/terms# | 2011/2024 | SBOM model + license refs; import candidate |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | CycloneDX | CycloneDX | https://cyclonedx.org/specification/overview/ | Exchange Format | — | SPDX, SWID | OWASP (Ecma ECMA-424) | JSON/XML | Standard (v1.6) | http://cyclonedx.org/schema/bom | 2017/2025 | SBOM/SaaSBOM/VEX; security-focused |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Software Identification Tag | SWID | https://www.iso.org/standard/65666.html | Exchange Format | — | purl, CPE | ISO/IEC (19770-2:2015) | XML | Published | — | 2009/2015 | Software ID metadata; CoSWID = CBOR variant |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Concise SWID | CoSWID | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9393 | Serialization Format | SWID | — | IETF (RFC 9393) | CBOR | Standard | — | 2023 | Compact SWID for constrained use |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Static Analysis Results Interchange Format | SARIF | https://docs.oasis-open.org/sarif/sarif/v2.1.0/sarif-v2.1.0.html | Exchange Format | JSON | JUnit XML | OASIS | JSON | Standard (v2.1.0) | — | 2019/2020 | Static-analysis tool output format |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | OpenTelemetry Semantic Conventions | OTel SemConv | https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/ | Controlled Vocabulary | OpenTelemetry | ECS (Elastic) | CNCF (graduated) | YAML/Markdown | Published (1.x) | — | 2021/ongoing | Telemetry attribute vocabulary; import candidate |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | in-toto | in-toto | https://github.com/in-toto/specification/blob/v1.0/in-toto-spec.md | Framework | — | SLSA, Sigstore | CNCF (graduated) | JSON | Published (v1.0) | — | 2019/2023 | Supply-chain attestation framework |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts | SLSA | https://slsa.dev/spec/ | Framework | in-toto attestations | in-toto, SCVS | OpenSSF (Linux Foundation) | Markdown/JSON | Published (v1.0) | https://slsa.dev/provenance/ | 2021/2023 | Provenance levels; predicate schema |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | OpenSSF Scorecard | Scorecard | https://github.com/ossf/scorecard | Framework | — | SLSA | OpenSSF (Linux Foundation) | JSON | Published | — | 2020/ongoing | Repo security health checks |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | OCI Image Specification | OCI Image | https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/main/spec.md | Schema Language | — | OCI Distribution | Open Container Initiative (LF) | JSON | Published (v1.1) | — | 2017/2024 | Container image manifest/config model |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Cloud Native Application Bundle | CNAB | https://github.com/cnabio/cnab-spec | Exchange Format | OCI | OAM, Helm | CNAB.io (Joint Dev Fdn) | JSON | Published (Core 1.2) | — | 2018/2021 | Distributed-app packaging |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Open Application Model | OAM | https://github.com/oam-dev/spec | Metamodel | Kubernetes CRD | Score, SMI | OAM Community (CNCF KubeVela) | YAML | Published (v0.3) | core.oam.dev | 2019/2021 | App-centric component/trait model |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Score | Score | https://github.com/score-spec/spec | Schema Language | — | OAM | CNCF (Sandbox) | YAML | Published | — | 2022/ongoing | Platform-agnostic workload spec |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Backstage Catalog Model | Backstage | https://backstage.io/docs/features/software-catalog/descriptor-format/ | Schema Language | Kubernetes object model | OAM | CNCF (graduated) | YAML | Published | backstage.io/v1alpha1 | 2020/ongoing | Component/API/System entity catalog |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Service Mesh Interface | SMI | https://github.com/servicemeshinterface/smi-spec | Schema Language | Kubernetes CRD | Gateway API | CNCF (archived 2023) | YAML | Archived | smi-spec.io | 2019/2021 | Deprecated; superseded by Gateway API |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | AsyncAPI | AsyncAPI | https://www.asyncapi.com/docs/reference/specification/latest | Schema Language | OpenAPI-inspired | OpenAPI, CloudEvents | Linux Foundation | YAML/JSON | Published (v3.0) | — | 2017/2023 | Event-driven API description |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | schema.org SoftwareApplication | schema.org/SoftwareApplication | https://schema.org/SoftwareApplication | Ontology | schema.org/RDFa | DOAP | W3C Schema.org CG | RDF/JSON-LD | Published | https://schema.org/ | 2011/ongoing | Software app vocabulary; import candidate |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | SPDX License List | SPDX LL | https://spdx.org/licenses/ | Code List | SPDX | ScanCode LicenseDB | Linux Foundation | JSON/HTML | Published (rolling) | https://spdx.org/licenses/ | 2010/ongoing | Canonical license identifiers; import candidate |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Package URL | purl | https://github.com/package-url/purl-spec | Convention | — | CPE, SWID | package-url community (ECMA TC54) | URL string | Published (de facto) | pkg: scheme | 2018/ongoing | Cross-ecosystem package identifier; import candidate |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Vulnerability Exploitability eXchange | VEX | https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/minimum-requirements-vulnerability-exploitability-exchange-vex | Exchange Format | CSAF/CycloneDX/OpenVEX | CSAF | CISA / OASIS / OpenSSF | JSON | Published | — | 2022/ongoing | Exploitability status; multiple encodings |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Common Security Advisory Framework | CSAF | https://docs.oasis-open.org/csaf/csaf/v2.0/csaf-v2.0.html | Exchange Format | — | VEX, CVE JSON | OASIS | JSON | Standard (v2.0) | — | 2022 | Machine-readable advisories; carries VEX profile |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | OmniBOR | OmniBOR | https://omnibor.io/spec/ | Convention | Merkle DAG | SPDX, in-toto | OmniBOR (OpenSSF) | gitoid/text | Published (draft) | gitoid: | 2022/ongoing | Artifact dependency graph via intrinsic IDs |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Graph for Understanding Artifact Composition | GUAC | https://docs.guac.sh/ | Metamodel | SPDX/CycloneDX/in-toto | Dependency-Track | OpenSSF (incubating) | GraphQL/JSON | Published (pre-1.0) | — | 2022/ongoing | Aggregates SBOM/attestation into graph |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Crossplane | Crossplane | https://docs.crossplane.io/ | Framework | Kubernetes CRD | KCL, Terraform | CNCF (graduated) | YAML | Published | crossplane.io | 2020/2025 | Control-plane composition model |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | KCL | KCL | https://www.kcl-lang.io/docs/reference/lang/spec/ | Schema Language | — | CUE, Jsonnet | CNCF (Sandbox) | KCL/JSON-YAML | Published | — | 2022/ongoing | Constraint-based config language |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Dependency-Track Model | DT | https://docs.dependencytrack.org/ | Metamodel | CycloneDX | GUAC | OWASP | JSON/CycloneDX | Published | — | 2013/ongoing | Component-analysis project/component model |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Test Anything Protocol | TAP | https://testanything.org/tap-version-14-specification.html | Serialization Format | — | JUnit XML | TAP community | Text | Published (v14) | — | 2000/2021 | Line-based test result stream |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | JUnit XML | JUnit XML | https://github.com/testmoapp/junitxml | Serialization Format | — | TAP, SARIF | de facto (Ant/JUnit lineage) | XML | De facto (no official spec) | — | 2000s/ongoing | Ubiquitous CI test-report format |
| Telecom & Networking | Information Framework (Shared Information/Data Model) | SID | https://www.tmforum.org/open-digital-architecture/information-framework-sid/ | Information Model | — | DMTF CIM, 3GPP NRM | TM Forum | UML / GB922 | Active (v24.5) | — | 2002 / 2024 | Canonical telecom domain entity model; strong import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | Business Process Framework | eTOM | https://www.tmforum.org/resources/suite/gb921-business-process-framework-etom-suite-v25-0/ | Framework | — | ITIL, APQC PCF | TM Forum | UML / GB921 | Active (v25.0) | — | 2001 / 2025 | Process taxonomy companion to SID |
| Telecom & Networking | Open Digital Architecture | ODA | https://www.tmforum.org/open-digital-architecture/ | Framework | SID, eTOM | ETSI NFV-MANO, ONAP | TM Forum | Spec + JSON | Active | — | 2019 / 2025 | Component/canvas architecture; references SID model |
| Telecom & Networking | TM Forum Open APIs | TMF Open API | https://www.tmforum.org/open-digital-architecture/implementation/open-apis/ | API Description | SID, ODA | MEF LSO APIs, 3GPP SBI | TM Forum | OpenAPI 3 / JSON | Active | — | 2016 / 2025 | REST API suite on SID model; import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | 5G Network Resource Model | NRM | https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/128500_128599/128541/ | Information Model | ITU-T M.3100 | TM Forum SID, OpenConfig | 3GPP (SA5) / ETSI | UML / YANG / JSON | Active (Rel-19) | — | 2018 / 2025 | TS 28.541; NR/NG-RAN/5GC/slice resource model |
| Telecom & Networking | Telecommunications Management Network | TMN / M.3100 | https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-M.3100 | Information Model | — | 3GPP NRM, SID | ITU-T | UML / GDMO | Active (legacy) | — | 1992 / 2005 | Foundational NE info model; ancestor of 3GPP NRM |
| Telecom & Networking | LSO Reference Architecture | MEF 55 / LSO | https://www.mplify.net/resources/mef-55-1-lifecycle-service-orchestration-lso-reference-architecture-and-framework/ | Framework | — | TM Forum ODA, ONAP | MEF (Mplify) | PDF / spec | Active (55.1) | — | 2016 / 2021 | Carrier service orchestration reference points |
| Telecom & Networking | NFV Solutions (Protocols & Data Models) | NFV-SOL | https://www.etsi.org/technologies/nfv | Information Model | TOSCA | ONAP, 3GPP NRM | ETSI ISG NFV | TOSCA YAML / OpenAPI | Active (Rel-4) | — | 2018 / 2024 | SOL001 NSD/VNFD on TOSCA; SOL005 REST APIs |
| Telecom & Networking | ETSI NFV Information Model | NFV-IFA | https://www.etsi.org/technologies/nfv | Information Model | — | TM Forum SID | ETSI ISG NFV | UML | Active | — | 2017 / 2023 | Consolidated MANO UML model |
| Telecom & Networking | Open Network Automation Platform model | ONAP | https://www.onap.org/ | Information Model | TOSCA, NFV-SOL | ETSI NFV, ODA | LF Networking (ONAP) | TOSCA / YANG | Active | — | 2017 / 2024 | Open-source orchestration model |
| Telecom & Networking | Topology and Orchestration Spec for Cloud Apps | TOSCA | https://docs.oasis-open.org/tosca/TOSCA/v2.0/TOSCA-v2.0.html | Modeling Language | — | YANG, CloudFormation | OASIS | YAML DSL | Standard (v2.0) | — | 2014 / 2025 | DSL for service topology/orchestration; import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | YANG Data Modeling Language | YANG | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7950/ | Schema Language | — | TOSCA, JSON Schema | IETF (netmod) | YANG (RFC) | Standard (1.1) | urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang | 2010 / 2016 | RFC 7950; modeling for NETCONF/RESTCONF; import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | Network Configuration Protocol | NETCONF | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6241/ | Protocol | — | RESTCONF, SNMP, gNMI | IETF (netconf) | XML/RPC (RFC) | Standard | urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0 | 2006 / 2011 | RFC 6241; YANG transport |
| Telecom & Networking | RESTCONF Protocol | RESTCONF | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8040/ | Protocol | NETCONF, YANG | NETCONF, gNMI | IETF (netconf) | HTTP/JSON/XML (RFC) | Standard | — | 2017 | RFC 8040; REST access to YANG datastores |
| Telecom & Networking | OpenConfig Models | OpenConfig | https://www.openconfig.net/projects/models/ | Information Model | YANG | IETF YANG, 3GPP NRM | OpenConfig (operators) | YANG | Active | http://openconfig.net/yang/ | 2015 / 2025 | Vendor-neutral config+telemetry YANG; import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | Structure of Management Information v2 / MIB | SMIv2 / MIB | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc2578/ | Schema Language | ASN.1 | YANG, CIM | IETF | ASN.1 subset (RFC) | Standard | — | 1990 / 1999 | RFC 2578; SNMP object definitions |
| Telecom & Networking | IP Detail Record | IPDR | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Detail_Record | Exchange Format | — | 3GPP CDR, ASN.1 | TM Forum (ex-IPDR.org) | XML / XDR | Active (legacy) | — | 2000 / 2009 | Usage/billing records exchange |
| Telecom & Networking | O-RAN Architecture & Interfaces | O-RAN | https://www.o-ran.org/specifications | Information Model | 3GPP NRM | 3GPP, ODA | O-RAN Alliance | YANG / spec | Active | — | 2019 / 2025 | O1/A1/E2/O2 open interfaces; YANG-modeled mgmt |
| Telecom & Networking | DMTF Common Information Model | DMTF CIM | https://www.dmtf.org/standards/cim | Information Model | — | TM Forum SID, Redfish | DMTF | MOF / CIM-XML | Active | — | 1999 / 2024 | IT-infrastructure object model; import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | Redfish | Redfish | https://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0266_1.20.0.html | Information Model | OData | DMTF CIM, SNMP | DMTF | JSON Schema / OData CSDL | Active | http://redfish.dmtf.org/schemas/v1/ | 2015 / 2025 | DSP0266 RESTful platform mgmt; import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration | OSLC | https://open-services.net/specifications/ | Application Profile | RDF, Linked Data | W3C LDP, DCAT | OASIS | RDF / Turtle | Standard | http://open-services.net/ns/core# | 2008 / 2021 | Linked-data tool integration; RDF import candidate |
| Telecom & Networking | Common API (CAMARA) | CAMARA | https://camaraproject.org/ | API Description | TM Forum Open API | TMF Open APIs | Linux Foundation / GSMA | OpenAPI 3 | Active | — | 2022 / 2025 | Network-exposure service APIs |
| Energy & Utilities | Common Information Model (EMS) | IEC 61970 | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/61167 | Information Model | — | DMTF CIM, MultiSpeak | IEC TC57 | UML / RDFS | Active | http://iec.ch/TC57/CIM100# | 2003 / 2024 | Transmission/EMS core CIM; RDF; strong import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | CIM Distribution Extensions | IEC 61968 | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/61168 | Information Model | IEC 61970 | MultiSpeak, IEC 61850 | IEC TC57 | UML / XML | Active | http://iec.ch/TC57/CIM100# | 2003 / 2023 | Distribution mgmt / message payloads |
| Energy & Utilities | CIM Energy Market Extensions | IEC 62325 | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/7176 | Information Model | IEC 61970 | EFET/ebIX | IEC TC57 | UML / XML | Active | http://iec.ch/TC57/CIM100# | 2010 / 2023 | Market communication CIM profile |
| Energy & Utilities | Common Grid Model Exchange Specification | CGMES | https://www.entsoe.eu/data/cim/cim-for-grid-models-exchange/ | Application Profile | IEC 61970 / 61968 | IEC 61970-600 | ENTSO-E / IEC TC57 | RDF/XML | Active (2.5/3.0) | http://iec.ch/TC57/CIM100# | 2009 / 2024 | Pan-EU grid model exchange; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Substation Communication & Data Model | IEC 61850 | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6028 | Information Model | — | IEC 61400-25, DNP3 | IEC TC57 | SCL (XML) / ACSI | Active (Ed.2) | — | 2003 / 2024 | LN/CDC data model + SCL config; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Telecontrol Protocol | IEC 60870-5 | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/3755 | Protocol | — | DNP3, Modbus | IEC TC57 | binary frames | Active | — | 1990 / 2020 | SCADA telecontrol (101/104) |
| Energy & Utilities | DLMS/COSEM Metering Suite | IEC 62056 | https://www.dlms.com/dlms-cosem/overview | Information Model | — | IEEE 2030.5, M-Bus | DLMS UA / IEC TC13 | OBIS / XML | Active | — | 2002 / 2023 | Smart metering data model; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | OpenADR | OpenADR | https://www.openadr.org/specification | Protocol | — | IEEE 2030.5, USEF | OpenADR Alliance | XML (2.0) / REST-JSON (3.0) | Active (3.0) | — | 2009 / 2024 | Automated demand response; 3.0 REST/OpenAPI; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Smart Energy Profile (DER mgmt) | IEEE 2030.5 | https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/2030.5/5897/ | Information Model | — | OpenADR, IEC 61850 | IEEE | RESTful XML | Active (2018) | — | 2013 / 2018 | REST DER/DR profile; CSIP basis |
| Energy & Utilities | Energy Services Provider Interface (Green Button) | ESPI / Green Button | https://www.greenbuttonalliance.org/green-button | Exchange Format | Atom | IEC 61968, ESPI | NAESB / Green Button Alliance | XML (Atom) | Active (v4.0) | — | 2011 / 2024 | Retail energy-usage exchange; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | MultiSpeak | MultiSpeak | https://www.multispeak.org/ | Information Model | — | IEC 61968, CIM | NRECA | XSD / WSDL / REST | Active (V5) | http://www.multispeak.org/ | 2000 / 2023 | Distribution-utility app interop; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Wellsite Information Transfer | WITSML | https://energistics.org/standards-devkit | Exchange Format | EnergyML | PRODML, RESQML | Energistics (Open Group) | XML / ETP | Active (2.x) | http://www.energistics.org/energyml/data/witsmlv2 | 2000 / 2023 | Drilling/completions data; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Production Markup Language | PRODML | https://energistics.org/standards-devkit | Exchange Format | EnergyML | WITSML, RESQML | Energistics (Open Group) | XML / ETP | Active (2.x) | http://www.energistics.org/energyml/data/prodmlv2 | 2005 / 2023 | Upstream production data |
| Energy & Utilities | Reservoir Markup Language | RESQML | https://energistics.org/standards-devkit | Exchange Format | EnergyML | WITSML, PRODML | Energistics (Open Group) | XML / HDF5 / ETP | Active (2.x) | http://www.energistics.org/energyml/data/resqmlv2 | 2011 / 2023 | Reservoir/earth-model data |
| Energy & Utilities | Energistics Transfer Protocol | ETP | https://energistics.org/energistics-transfer-protocol-etp | Protocol | EnergyML | OPC UA, MQTT | Energistics (Open Group) | WebSocket / Avro | Active (1.2) | — | 2015 / 2022 | Transport for WITSML/PRODML/RESQML |
| Energy & Utilities | Universal Smart Energy Framework | USEF | https://www.usef.energy/ | Framework | — | OpenADR, IEEE 2030.5 | USEF Foundation | spec / UFTP (XML) | Active | — | 2014 / 2021 | Flexibility-market roles; UFTP flex-trading |
| Energy & Utilities | EEBus SPINE | SPINE | https://www.eebus.org/our-work/ | Information Model | — | SAREF, Matter | EEBUS Initiative e.V. | XSD / domain model | Active | — | 2016 / 2023 | Generic smart-energy device model; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Matter Device Energy Management | Matter Energy | https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter/ | Information Model | Matter Data Model | EEBus, IEEE 2030.5 | Connectivity Standards Alliance | cluster XML | Active (1.3+) | — | 2023 / 2025 | ESA power-forecast/grid-event clusters |
| Energy & Utilities | Wind Plant Communications | IEC 61400-25 | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/5438 | Information Model | IEC 61850 | IEC 61850, OPC UA | IEC TC88 | SCL-derived / XML | Active | — | 2006 / 2017 | Wind farm SCADA info model |
| Energy & Utilities | Open Charge Point Protocol | OCPP | https://openchargealliance.org/protocols/open-charge-point-protocol/ | Protocol | — | OCPI, ISO 15118 | Open Charge Alliance | JSON / SOAP | Active (2.1) | — | 2010 / 2025 | EV charger ↔ CSMS; 2.0.1 = IEC 63584; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface | ISO 15118 | https://www.iso.org/standard/77845.html | Protocol | — | OCPP, IEEE 2030.5 | ISO/IEC JWG (TC22) | XML schema (EXI) | Active (-20) | urn:iso:std:iso:15118 | 2013 / 2022 | EV Plug&Charge / bidirectional V2G; import candidate |
| Energy & Utilities | Open Charge Point Interface | OCPI | https://evroaming.org/ocpi-background/ | API Description | — | OCPP, OCHP | EVRoaming Foundation | REST-JSON | Active (2.2.1) | — | 2015 / 2023 | EV roaming/eMSP-CPO API |
| Energy & Utilities | Open Energy Information | OpenEI | https://openei.org/ | Controlled Vocabulary | RDF | DCAT, schema.org | NREL / US DOE | RDF / wiki | Active | https://openei.org/ | 2009 / 2024 | Open energy datasets/vocabularies |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Ag Data Application Programming Toolkit | ADAPT | https://adaptframework.org/ | Exchange Format | — | OADA, ISOBUS | AgGateway | .NET model + GeoParquet/GeoTIFF | Active | — | 2024 | Precision-ag field-operation data interop; object model + files |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Serial control & comms data network for ag machinery | ISOBUS / ISO 11783 | https://www.iso.org/standard/57556.html | Exchange Format | SAE J1939 | ADAPT, OADA | ISO TC23/SC19; AEF | CAN-bus protocol | Active | — | 2017 | Tractor–implement task controller / data-logging protocol |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | AGROVOC Multilingual Thesaurus | AGROVOC | https://www.fao.org/agrovoc/ | Controlled Vocabulary | SKOS | CAB Thesaurus, FoodOn | FAO (AIMS) | SKOS / SKOS-XL, RDF | Active | http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/ | 2026 | ~40k concepts, 40+ languages; SKOS import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | FoodOn farm-to-fork ontology | FoodOn | https://foodon.org/ | Ontology | OBO Foundry / BFO | AGROVOC, AgrO | FoodOn consortium (OBO) | OWL/RDF | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_ | rolling | Names foods, sources, processing; OWL import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Agronomy Ontology | AGRO | http://obofoundry.org/ontology/agro.html | Ontology | OBO Foundry / BFO | Crop Ontology, ENVO | Agricultural Semantics / CGIAR | OWL/RDF | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_ | rolling | Agronomic practices/variables; OWL import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Crop Ontology | CO | https://www.cropontology.org/ | Ontology | — | AgrO, BrAPI | Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT / CGIAR | RDF/OWL/RDFS | Active | http://www.cropontology.org/ | rolling | ~4,200 traits across 31+ species; import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Open Ag Data Alliance | OADA | https://openag.io/ | Framework | — | ADAPT, BrAPI | OADA community | RAML REST API + JSON | Draft | — | 2015 | Open REST API for secure ag-data exchange |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Intl Consortium for Ag Systems Applications std | ICASA | https://dssat.net/data/standards_v2/ | Code List | — | AgrO, BrAPI | DSSAT Foundation | Data dictionary + text formats | Active | — | 2013 | ~1,200 crop-modeling variables; feeds AgrO |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Agricultural Metadata Element Set | AgMES | https://aims.fao.org/standards/agmes | Metamodel | Dublin Core | — | FAO (AIMS) | RDF-style namespace (DC ext) | Deprecated | http://purl.org/agmes/1.1/ | legacy | Ag metadata extension over DC/AGLS; historical |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Soil data exchange model | SoilML / ISO 28258 | https://www.iso.org/standard/44595.html | Geometry/Product Model | GeoSciML, O&M | INSPIRE Soil, ANZSoilML | OGC Soil IE / ISO TC190 | UML + GML/XSD | Draft | — | 2011 | No single adopted OGC SoilML; ISO 28258 is basis |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Environment Ontology | ENVO | http://obofoundry.org/ontology/envo.html | Ontology | OBO Foundry / BFO | SWEET, AgrO | ENVO community (OBO) | OWL/RDF (OBO) | Active | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_ | rolling | Environments/materials/ecosystems; OWL import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Semantic Web for Earth & Environmental Terminology | SWEET | https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet | Ontology | — | ENVO, SOSA/SSN | ESIP (NASA/JPL origin) | OWL/RDF (Turtle) | Active (v3.5.0) | http://sweetontology.net/ | 2022 | ~200 ontologies / ~6,000 concepts; OWL import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Greenhouse Gas Protocol | GHG Protocol | https://ghgprotocol.org/standards | Framework | — | ISO 14064, PEF | WRI & WBCSD | PDF + Excel tools | Active | — | 2015 | Dominant corporate/value-chain GHG accounting |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Greenhouse gases (quantify/report/verify) | ISO 14064 | https://www.iso.org/standard/66453.html | Framework | — | GHG Protocol, ISO 14067 | ISO TC207/SC7 | PDF | Active | — | 2018 | Org-, project-, verification-level GHG standards |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Carbon footprint of products | ISO 14067 | https://www.iso.org/standard/71206.html | Framework | ISO 14040/14044 | PEF, ISO 14064 | ISO TC207/SC7 | PDF | Active | — | 2018 | LCA-based product carbon footprint |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Product Environmental Footprint | PEF | https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods/pef-method_en | Framework | ISO 14040/14044 | ISO 14067, GHG Protocol | European Commission (JRC) | Methodology + ILCD XML | Active | — | 2021 | Multi-impact EU LCA method + PEFCRs |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Observations, Measurements & Samples | O&M / ISO 19156 | https://www.ogc.org/publications/standard/om/ | Information Model | — | SOSA/SSN, SensorML | OGC + ISO/TC 211 | UML + GML/XSD; JSON | Active | http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0 | 2023 | Conceptual schema for observations/sampling |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Breeding API | BrAPI | https://brapi.org/specification | Exchange Format | — | Crop Ontology, OADA | BrAPI community (Cornell/CGIAR) | OpenAPI + JSON Schema | Active (V2.1) | — | 2022 | REST API for plant-breeding data |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Minimum Information about any Sequence | MIxS | https://genomicsstandardsconsortium.github.io/mixs/ | Schema Language | LinkML | Darwin Core, MIGS | Genomic Standards Consortium | LinkML → JSON-Schema/RDF/SHACL | Active | https://w3id.org/mixs | 2011 | Minimum-metadata checklists; LinkML→RDF import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Nanopublications | nanopub | https://nanopub.net/guidelines/working_draft/ | Metamodel | RDF / named graphs | OSLC, PROV-O | Nanopub community | RDF (Turtle) | Working Draft | http://www.nanopub.org/nschema# | 2013 | Assertion + provenance as RDF named graphs; import candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | EPCIS Core Business Vocabulary (food traceability) | CBV | https://www.gs1.org/standards/epcis | Exchange Format | GS1 system | GS1 GTS, BrAPI | GS1 | XML + JSON-LD; CBV vocab | Active | https://gs1.org/voc/ | 2022 | What/when/where/why events for FSMA-204; JSON-LD candidate |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | CAB Thesaurus | CAB Thesaurus | https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/cabi-thesaurus | Controlled Vocabulary | SKOS | AGROVOC | CABI | SKOS/RDF (gated) | Active | — | rolling | Applied-life-sciences thesaurus; gated SKOS |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | INSPIRE Agricultural & Aquaculture Facilities | INSPIRE AF | https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/af | Application Profile | INSPIRE Generic Model | INSPIRE Soil | European Commission (JRC) | TG + GML/XSD | Active | http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/schemas/af/ | 2013 | EU spatial data spec for farm/aquaculture facilities |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Business To Manufacturing Markup Language | B2MML | https://mesa.org/topics-resources/b2mml/ | Exchange Format | ANSI/ISA-95 / IEC 62264 | BatchML, OPC UA | MESA International | XML Schema (XSD) | Active | http://www.mesa.org/xml/B2MML | 2018 | XML implementation of ISA-95 enterprise–control models |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Batch Markup Language | BatchML | https://mesa.org/topics-resources/b2mml/ | Exchange Format | ANSI/ISA-88 / IEC 61512 | B2MML, PackML | MESA International | XML Schema (XSD) | Active | http://www.mesa.org/xml/BatchML | 2020 | XML implementation of ISA-88 batch-control models |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | MTConnect | MTConnect | https://www.mtconnect.org/ | Information Model | — | OPC UA, QIF | MTConnect Institute | XML/XSD; SysML/XMI | Active (v2.5) | urn:mtconnect.org:MTConnectDevices | 2026 | Read-only equipment data; community OWL/IOF candidate |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Quality Information Framework | QIF | https://qifstandards.org/ | Exchange Format | ISO 23952 | MTConnect, STEP | DMSC, Inc. | XML Schema (XSD) | Active (3.0) | http://qifstandards.org/xsd/qif3 | 2020 | Metrology/quality digital thread (MBD, plans, results) |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Product data representation & exchange (AP242) | STEP / ISO 10303 | https://www.iso.org/standard/84300.html | Geometry/Product Model | EXPRESS | JT, QIF, IFC | ISO TC184/SC4 | EXPRESS; Part 21/28 | Active | — | 2025 | Dominant neutral CAD/PMI exchange |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Automation Markup Language | AutomationML | https://www.automationml.org/ | Exchange Format | CAEX (IEC 62424) | B2MML, OPC UA | AutomationML e.V. / IEC 62714 | XML (CAEX+COLLADA+PLCopen) | Active | — | 2018 | Plant-engineering data exchange |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Product Life Cycle Support | PLCS / AP239 | https://www.ap239.org/ | Information Model | EXPRESS (ISO 10303) | STEP, OSLC | ISO TC184/SC4 + OASIS | EXPRESS; OASIS RDL | Active | — | 2024 | Through-life support data; RDL partial import candidate |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | JT (Jupiter Tessellation) 3D format | JT / ISO 14306 | https://www.iso.org/standard/86063.html | Geometry/Product Model | — | STEP/AP242 | ISO TC184/SC4 (Siemens origin) | Binary 3D (LOD + B-Rep + PMI) | Active | — | 2024 | Lightweight 3D viewing/collaboration |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Cutting tool data representation & exchange | ISO 13399 | https://www.iso.org/standard/36757.html | Code List | ISO 13584 (PLIB) | eCl@ss, STEP | ISO/TC 29 | EXPRESS/STEP + PLIB | Active | — | 2021 | Computer-interpretable cutting-tool data |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Packaging Machine Language | PackML | https://www.omac.org/packml | Information Model | ISA-TR88.00.02 | BatchML, OPC UA | OMAC / ISA; OPC Foundation | State model + PackTags; OPC UA | Active | http://www.opcfoundation.org/UA/schemas/PackML/1.01/ | 2020 | Common machine state model + tags for packaging |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | prostep ivip Association | ProSTEP iViP | https://www.prostep.org/en | Framework | — | — | prostep ivip Association | Recommendations (PDF) | Active | — | 1993 | Drives JT/OpenPDM/CPO; organization, not a spec |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Industry Foundation Classes | IFC | https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/ifc/ | Geometry/Product Model | EXPRESS / ISO 16739-1 | CIS/2, STEP, gbXML | buildingSMART International | EXPRESS; STEP/ifcXML/ifcOWL/ifcJSON | Active (IFC4.3) | http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifcOWL/IFC4 | 2024 | Vendor-neutral building + civil model; ifcOWL import candidate |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | BIM Collaboration Format | BCF | https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/bcf/ | Exchange Format | IFC | IDS, COBie | buildingSMART International | XML (.bcfzip) + REST API | Active (3.0) | — | 2021 | Model-based issue/topic exchange referencing IFC |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Construction Operations Building Information Exchange | COBie | https://nibs.org/nbims/v3/cobie | Application Profile | IFC (MVD) | bSDD, BCF | NIBS (NBIMS-US) | Spreadsheet/CSV/JSON/IFC | Active (V3) | — | 2023 | Lifecycle FM asset handover data; IFC MVD subset |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Green Building XML | gbXML | https://www.gbxml.org/ | Exchange Format | — | IFC, LandXML | gbXML.org community | XML (XSD) | Active (v8.01) | http://www.gbxml.org/schema | 2026 | Building geometry/properties for energy analysis |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | buildingSMART Data Dictionary | bSDD | https://technical.buildingsmart.org/services/bsdd/ | Controlled Vocabulary | ISO 12006-3 / 23386 | IFC, ETIM | buildingSMART International | REST/GraphQL + JSON; RDF/TTL | Active | https://api.bsdd.buildingsmart.org/ | 2026 | Interconnected built-environment dictionaries; RDF candidate |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | LandXML | LandXML | http://www.landxml.org/ | Exchange Format | — | IFC, gbXML | LandXML.org Industry Consortium | XML/XSD | Active (v1.2) | http://www.landxml.org/schema/LandXML-1.2 | 2008 | Civil/survey interchange — surfaces, alignments, pipe networks |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | CIMsteel Integration Standard Release 2 | CIS/2 | http://www.steptools.com/docs/cislib/ | Geometry/Product Model | EXPRESS / ISO 10303 | IFC, STEP | SCI / Univ. of Leeds; AISC | EXPRESS; Part 21 / Part 28 | Legacy | — | 2000 | Structural-steel lifecycle product model |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | ifcOWL | ifcOWL | https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/ifc/ifc-formats/ifcowl/ | Ontology | IFC (EXPRESS) | OSLC, SOSA/SSN | buildingSMART International (LDWG) | OWL/RDF (Turtle) | Active (IFC2x3–IFC4) | http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifcOWL/IFC4 | 2017 | IFC as linked-data RDF; prime OWL import candidate |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Information Delivery Specification | IDS | https://technical.buildingsmart.org/projects/information-delivery-specification-ids/ | Schema Language | IFC | mvdXML, BCF | buildingSMART International | XML + XSD | Active (v1.0) | http://standards.buildingsmart.org/IDS | 2024 | Computer-interpretable IFC information requirements |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Model View Definition | mvdXML | https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/ifc/mvd/ | Application Profile | IFC | IDS, COBie | buildingSMART International | XML + XSD | Legacy (superseded by IDS) | https://standards.buildingsmart.org/MVD/ | v1.1 | IFC schema subset for an exchange scenario |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Digital Product Passport | DPP | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj | Framework | ESPR (EU) 2024/1781 | bSDD, EPCIS | European Commission; CIRPASS | Legal text + JSON-LD / OWL | In force | — | 2024 | Product sustainability/circularity data; CIRPASS OWL draft |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (PLM) | OSLC-PLM | https://open-services.net/ | Framework | RDF / W3C LDP | PLCS, ifcOWL | OASIS (OSLC Open Project) | RDF / Linked Data | Active | http://open-services.net/ns/core# | 2020 | Integrates ALM/PLM/IT-Ops via linked data; RDF import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Model Cards for Model Reporting | Model Cards | https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.03993 | Documentation Standard | — | Datasheets, HF Model Cards | Mitchell et al. (Google) | Reporting template | Published | — | 2018 | Intended use, performance by group, ethics; template import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Datasheets for Datasets | Datasheets | https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09010 | Documentation Standard | — | Model Cards, Croissant | Gebru et al. (CACM) | Questionnaire | Published | — | 2018 | Dataset documentation (motivation/composition/collection/uses) |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Croissant | Croissant | https://docs.mlcommons.org/croissant/docs/croissant-spec.html | Application Profile | schema.org | DCAT, Datasheets | MLCommons | JSON-LD (schema.org + DC) | Active (v1.1) | http://mlcommons.org/croissant/ | 2024 | Machine-readable ML dataset metadata; strong import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Open Neural Network Exchange | ONNX | https://onnx.ai/onnx/repo-docs/IR.html | Exchange Format | — | PMML, PFA | LF AI & Data Foundation | Protocol Buffers (IR) | Active (graduated) | ai.onnx | 2017 | Interoperable model exchange IR |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Predictive Model Markup Language | PMML | https://dmg.org/pmml/pmml-v4-4.html | Exchange Format | — | PFA, ONNX | Data Mining Group (DMG) | XML (XSD) | Active (v4.4) | https://www.dmg.org/PMML-4_4 | 1998 | Oldest vendor-independent model-interchange format |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Portable Format for Analytics | PFA | https://dmg.org/pfa/ | Exchange Format | — | PMML, ONNX | Data Mining Group (DMG) | JSON/YAML (Avro types) | Active (dormant) | — | 2015 | Executable scoring-engine format; PMML successor |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | MLflow Model (MLmodel) | MLmodel | https://mlflow.org/docs/latest/ml/model/ | Serialization Format | — | ONNX, HF Model Cards | MLflow Project (LF) | YAML descriptor + artifact dir | Active | — | 2018 | Packaging convention with multi-flavor deployment |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Hugging Face Model & Dataset Cards | HF Cards | https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/model-cards | Documentation Standard | Model Cards | Datasheets, Croissant | Hugging Face | Markdown + YAML front-matter | Active | — | 2020 | README renders as card; YAML header machine-readable |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | OpenLineage | OpenLineage | https://openlineage.io/docs/spec/ | Exchange Format | — | Marquez, Atlas, DataHub | LF AI & Data Foundation | JSON Schema + OpenAPI | Active (graduated) | https://openlineage.io/spec/ | 2020 | Open lineage standard; import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Marquez | Marquez | https://marquezproject.ai/ | Framework | OpenLineage | Atlas, DataHub | LF AI & Data Foundation | Java service + REST | Active | — | 2018 | Reference implementation / metadata server for OpenLineage |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Egeria (Open Metadata & Governance) | Egeria | https://egeria-project.org/types/ | Metamodel | — | Atlas, DataHub, OpenMetadata | LF AI & Data Foundation | Open Metadata type system + Java | Active (graduated) | — | 2018 | Open standard + impl for metadata interoperability |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | DataHub Metadata Model | DataHub | https://docs.datahub.com/docs/metadata-modeling/metadata-model/ | Metamodel | — | Egeria, Atlas | DataHub / Acryl Data | PDL (Pegasus) IDL + Avro | Active | urn:li: | 2019 | Extensible entity/aspect graph |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Apache Atlas | Atlas | https://atlas.apache.org/ | Framework | — | Egeria, DataHub | Apache Software Foundation | Type system + REST/JSON | Active (TLP) | — | 2015 | Governance/lineage framework for Hadoop ecosystem |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Metadata Registries | ISO/IEC 11179 | https://www.iso.org/standard/78914.html | Metamodel | — | DCAM, DAMA-DMBOK | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 | ISO standard | Active (multi-part) | — | 1999 | Foundational metadata-registry standard; data element semantics |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Cloud computing — Data flow & categories | ISO/IEC 19944-1 | https://www.iso.org/standard/79573.html | Controlled Vocabulary | — | ISO 11179 | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 | ISO standard | Published | — | 2020 | Data taxonomy + data-use categories for cloud |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Data Mgmt Capability Assessment Model | DCAM | https://edmcouncil.org/frameworks/dcam/ | Framework | — | DAMA-DMBOK, ISO 8000 | EDM Council | PDF + workbook (gated) | Active (v3) | — | 2015 | Capability assessment framework |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Data Management Body of Knowledge | DAMA-DMBOK | https://www.dama.org/cpages/body-of-knowledge | Framework | — | DCAM | DAMA International | Book (PDF/print) | Active (DMBOK2) | — | 2009 | BoK guide, not a machine-readable spec |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Open Data Contract Standard | ODCS | https://bitol-io.github.io/open-data-contract-standard/latest/ | Schema Language | — | Data Contract Spec | Bitol (LF AI & Data) | YAML + JSON Schema | Active (v3.1.0) | — | 2024 | Consolidated industry data-contract standard; import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Data Contract Specification | DataContract | https://datacontract-specification.com/ | Schema Language | — | ODCS | J. Christ & S. Harrer | YAML (OpenAPI-style) | Deprecated (v1.2.1) | — | 2023 | Superseded by ODCS; tool-supported through 2026 |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | dbt Semantic Layer (MetricFlow) | dbt SL | https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/build/about-metricflow | Schema Language | — | Cube, ODCS | dbt Labs | YAML (semantic models + metrics) | Active | — | 2023 | Replaced legacy dbt_metrics |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Cube (semantic layer) | Cube | https://cube.dev/docs/product/data-modeling/ | Schema Language | — | dbt SL | Cube Dev, Inc. | YAML/JS data model | Active | — | 2019 | Open-source semantic layer; data model as code |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Great Expectations | GX | https://docs.greatexpectations.io/ | Framework | — | OpenMetadata, ISO 8000 | Great Expectations | Python framework; JSON config | Active | — | 2018 | Data-validation library; expectations as code/JSON |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | OpenMetadata | OpenMetadata | https://docs.open-metadata.org/latest/main-concepts/metadata-standard | Metamodel | — | DataHub, Egeria, Atlas | OpenMetadata community (Collate) | JSON Schema; RDF/OWL/JSON-LD | Active | — | 2021 | Schema-first metadata standard; import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Data quality (ISO 8000 series) | ISO 8000 | https://www.iso.org/standard/81745.html | Framework | — | DCAM, GX | ISO/TC 184/SC 4 | ISO standard (multi-part) | Published | — | 2022 | Data/master-data quality series |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | PROV Data Model | PROV-DM | https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/ | Metamodel | — | OpenLineage, Nanopublications | W3C (Provenance WG) | W3C Recommendation | Published (Rec) | http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# | 2013 | Base conceptual provenance model; import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | ML Metadata | MLMD | https://www.tensorflow.org/tfx/guide/mlmd | Metamodel | — | DataHub, OpenLineage | Google / TensorFlow (TFX) | Library + schema | Active | — | 2019 | Pipeline-lineage metadata schema |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Model Card Toolkit | MCT | https://github.com/tensorflow/model-card-toolkit | Documentation Standard | Model Cards | HF Cards | Google / TensorFlow | Python toolkit; JSON Schema + Protobuf | Archived | — | 2020 | Automates Model Cards; largely unmaintained |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Responsible AI Licenses | RAIL / OpenRAIL | https://www.licenses.ai/ai-licenses | Documentation Standard | — | — | RAIL Initiative | License texts | Active | — | 2019 | License family with behavioral-use restrictions |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | CycloneDX ML-BOM (AI-BOM) | ML-BOM | https://cyclonedx.org/capabilities/mlbom/ | Exchange Format | CycloneDX | SPDX | OWASP Foundation (ECMA-424) | JSON/XML Schema + Protobuf | Active (v1.7) | http://cyclonedx.org/schema/bom/ | 2023 | ML/AI bill of materials; import candidate |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | AI Risk Management Framework | NIST AI RMF | https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework | Framework | — | ISO 23894, ISO 42001 | NIST (USA) | PDF framework + Playbook | Published (1.0) | — | 2023 | GOVERN/MAP/MEASURE/MANAGE; GenAI Profile 2024 |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | AI Management System | ISO/IEC 42001 | https://www.iso.org/standard/42001 | Framework | — | NIST AI RMF, ISO 23894 | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 | ISO standard | Published | — | 2023 | First certifiable AI management-system standard |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | Framework for AI Systems Using ML | ISO/IEC 23053 | https://www.iso.org/standard/74438.html | Framework | — | ISO 42001, ISO 23894 | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 | ISO standard | Published | — | 2022 | Conceptual framework + terminology for ML-based AI |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | AI — Guidance on Risk Management | ISO/IEC 23894 | https://www.iso.org/standard/77304.html | Framework | — | NIST AI RMF, ISO 42001 | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 | ISO standard | Published | — | 2023 | Guidance aligned with ISO 31000 |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | DataCite Metadata Schema | DataCite | https://schema.datacite.org/ | Application Profile | — | Crossref schema | DataCite e.V. | XML Schema (XSD) | Active (v4.6) | http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 | 2011 | Core metadata for citing research data via DOIs; import candidate |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Research Object Crate | RO-Crate | https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/specification/1.2/ | Application Profile | schema.org | CodeMeta, Croissant | RO-Crate community | JSON-LD | Active (1.2) | https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.2/context | 2019 | Packages data + metadata in one JSON-LD file; import candidate |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | CodeMeta | CodeMeta | https://codemeta.github.io/ | Controlled Vocabulary | schema.org | CITATION.cff, RO-Crate | The CodeMeta Project | JSON-LD vocabulary | Active (3.1) | https://w3id.org/codemeta/3.1 | 2016 | Software metadata vocabulary; import candidate |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Citation File Format | CFF | https://citation-file-format.github.io/ | Serialization Format | — | CodeMeta | citation-file-format org | YAML 1.2 + JSON Schema | Active (1.2.0) | — | 2017 | CITATION.cff files for software/dataset citation |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | ScholarlyArticle (schema.org type) | ScholarlyArticle | https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle | Controlled Vocabulary | schema.org | JATS, Crossref | Schema.org Community Group (W3C) | RDF (JSON-LD/RDFa) | Active | https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle | 2011 | Markup type for academic publications |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Journal Article Tag Suite | JATS | https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/ | Schema Language | — | BITS, Crossref | NLM/NCBI (NISO Z39.96) | XML tag set (DTD/RNG/XSD) | Active (v1.4) | — | 2012 | De facto standard for tagging journal articles in XML |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Book Interchange Tag Suite | BITS | https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/extensions/bits/ | Schema Language | JATS | JATS | NLM/NCBI | XML tag set | Active (v2.2) | — | 2013 | JATS extension for STM books |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Crossref Deposit Schema | Crossref schema | https://www.crossref.org/documentation/schema-library/xsd-schema-quick-reference/ | Schema Language | — | DataCite, JATS | Crossref | XML Schema (XSD) | Active (v5.4.0) | http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.4.0 | 2000 | XSD for depositing DOI metadata |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | OpenAIRE Guidelines & Graph | OpenAIRE | https://guidelines.openaire.eu/ | Application Profile | DC / DataCite / CERIF | DataCite, RDA | OpenAIRE A.M.K.E. | Application profiles (OAI-PMH) | Active | — | 2012 | Profiles for exposing publications/data/CRIS |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | RDA Recommendations & Outputs | RDA | https://www.rd-alliance.org/recommendations-and-outputs/outputs/ | Framework | — | FAIR, OpenAIRE | Research Data Alliance | Catalogue | Active | — | 2013 | Catalogue of endorsed outputs |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Dataverse Metadata | Dataverse | https://guides.dataverse.org/en/latest/user/appendix.html | Application Profile | CodeMeta | DataCite, CodeMeta | IQSS, Harvard University | Metadata blocks (TSV) | Active | — | 2015 | Delegates software metadata to CodeMeta |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | FAIR Guiding Principles | FAIR | https://force11.org/info/the-fair-data-principles/ | Framework | — | RDA | FORCE11 / GO FAIR | Narrative principles | Published | — | 2016 | Aspirational principles, not a machine-readable spec |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | BagIt File Packaging Format | BagIt | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8493.html | Exchange Format | — | RO-Crate | IETF / RFC Editor | RFC (Informational) | Published | — | 2018 | Bag structure with manifests + checksums for preservation |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Nanopublications (TriG) | nanopub-trig | https://nanopub.net/guidelines/working_draft/ | Serialization Format | PROV | PROV-DM | Nanopublication community | RDF in TriG | Working Draft | http://www.nanopub.org/nschema# | 2010 | Four named graphs: assertion + provenance as citable unit |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Digital Object Identifier | DOI | https://www.doi.org/the-identifier/resources/handbook/ | Identifier Scheme | Handle System | ARK, Handle | DOI Foundation (ISO 26324 RA) | ISO standard + Handbook | Active (ISO 26324) | https://doi.org/ | 2012 | ISO PID on Handle; agencies Crossref/DataCite |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Handle System | Handle | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3650.html | Identifier Scheme | — | DOI, ARK | DONA Foundation (CNRI) | IETF RFCs 3650/3651/3652 | Active | https://hdl.handle.net/ | 2003 | Resolution infrastructure underlying DOIs |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Archival Resource Key | ARK | https://arks.org/ | Identifier Scheme | — | DOI, Handle, PURL | ARK Alliance | IETF Internet-Draft | Active | ark: | 2001 | Persistence-as-service; billions minted by 1700+ orgs |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Persistent URL | PURL | https://purl.archive.org/ | Identifier Scheme | — | ARK, w3id | Internet Archive (ex-OCLC) | HTTP 302 redirect service | Active | https://purl.org/ | 1995 | Managed redirect service |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | W3C Permanent Identifier | w3id | https://github.com/perma-id/w3id.org | Identifier Scheme | — | PURL | W3C Perma-ID CG | Apache redirect service | Active | https://w3id.org/ | 2013 | HTTPS permanent redirects for Linked Data/vocab URLs |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | International Standard Book Number | ISBN | https://www.iso.org/standard/65483.html | Identifier Scheme | — | ISSN, ISTC | International ISBN Agency | ISO 2108:2017 | Active | urn:isbn: | 1970 | 13-digit identifier for books/monographs |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | International Standard Serial Number | ISSN | https://www.issn.org/ | Identifier Scheme | — | ISBN | ISSN International Centre (CIEPS) | ISO 3297:2022 | Active | urn:issn: | 1975 | Identifies serials; ISSN-L links media versions |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | International Standard Musical Work Code | ISWC | https://www.iswc.org/ | Identifier Scheme | — | ISRC, ISTC | CISAC / Intl ISWC Agency | ISO 15707:2022 | Active | — | 2001 | Identifies the musical work (composition) |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | International Standard Recording Code | ISRC | https://isrc.ifpi.org/ | Identifier Scheme | — | ISWC | IFPI | ISO 3901:2019 | Active | — | 1986 | Code for a specific sound/music-video recording |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | International Standard Text Code | ISTC | https://www.iso.org/standard/41603.html | Identifier Scheme | — | ISBN, ISWC | (RA defunct 2017) | ISO 21047:2009 | Withdrawn (2021) | — | 2009 | Textual-works ID; ISO-withdrawn, RA closed |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Research Organization Registry | ROR | https://ror.org/ | Identifier Scheme | GRID | GRID, ISNI | CDL + Crossref + DataCite | Open registry (CC0; REST API) | Active | https://ror.org/ | 2019 | Open successor to GRID for org/affiliation IDs; import candidate |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Global Research Identifier Database | GRID | https://www.grid.ac/ | Identifier Scheme | — | ROR | Digital Science | Frozen open dataset | Retired (2021) | — | 2015 | Seed data for ROR; no longer resolves |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Research Activity Identifier | RAiD | https://www.iso.org/standard/75931.html | Identifier Scheme | — | DOI, ROR | ARDC (RA) + DataCite | ISO 23527:2022 + schema | Active | https://raid.org/ | 2022 | PID for research projects |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | International Generic Sample Number | IGSN | https://support.datacite.org/docs/igsn-ids | Identifier Scheme | DOI | DOI, Handle | IGSN e.V. + DataCite | DataCite DOI implementation | Active | https://doi.org/ | 2011 | PID for physical samples; re-based on DataCite DOIs |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | OpenURL Framework | OpenURL | https://www.niso.org/publications/z3988-2004-r2010 | Exchange Format | — | KBART, COUNTER | NISO | ANSI/NISO Z39.88 | Active | — | 2004 | ContextObject for context-sensitive link resolvers |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | COUNTER Code of Practice | COUNTER | https://www.countermetrics.org/code-of-practice/ | Documentation Standard | — | KBART, OpenURL | COUNTER Metrics | Code of Practice (R5.1) | Active | — | 2002 | Comparable usage-statistics reporting via SUSHI |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Knowledge Bases And Related Tools | KBART | https://www.niso.org/publications/rp-9-2014-kbart | Documentation Standard | — | OpenURL, COUNTER | NISO | NISO RP-9-2014 | Published | — | 2014 | Tab-delimited holdings transfer for knowledge bases |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | News Markup Language G2 | NewsML-G2 | https://iptc.org/standards/newsml-g2/ | Exchange Format | IPTC NAR | ninjs, NITF, PBCore | IPTC | XML (XSD) | Active | http://iptc.org/std/nar/2006-10-01/ | 2024 | Comprehensive XML for news items & packages; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | News in JSON | ninjs | https://iptc.org/standards/ninjs/ | Serialization Format | — | NewsML-G2 | IPTC | JSON (JSON Schema) | Active | https://www.iptc.org/std/ninjs/ | 2025 | Lightweight JSON news for APIs/search; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | IPTC Photo Metadata Standard | IPTC PMD | https://iptc.org/standards/photo-metadata/iptc-standard/ | Metadata Standard | XMP / IIM | EXIF, XMP | IPTC (with CIPA) | XMP (RDF/XML), JSON | Active | http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpCore/1.0/xmlns/ | 2025 | 2025 added AI-generated-content properties; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | News Industry Text Format | NITF | https://iptc.org/standards/nitf/ | Exchange Format | — | NewsML-G2 | IPTC | XML (DTD/XSD) | Stable/legacy | — | 2012 | Markup for text articles; superseded by NewsML-G2 |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | rNews | rNews | https://iptc.org/standards/rnews/ | Ontology | schema.org | NewsArticle | IPTC (with schema.org) | RDFa / Microdata | Superseded | — | 2011 | Pioneered in-page news metadata; absorbed into schema.org |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | IPTC Media Topics | Media Topics | https://iptc.org/standards/media-topics/ | Controlled Vocabulary | IPTC NewsCodes | IAB Content Taxonomy | IPTC | SKOS/RDF (XML, Turtle) | Active | http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/mediatopic/ | 2025 | ~1,100+ multilingual subject concepts; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Information Interchange Model | IIM | https://iptc.org/standards/iim/ | Metadata Standard | — | XMP, EXIF | IPTC | Binary record (datasets) | Frozen/legacy | — | 2014 | Classic IPTC headers; basis for IPTC Core XMP |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | ID3 audio tags | ID3 | https://id3.org/ | Metadata Standard | — | XMP, BWF | Community (id3.org) | Binary tag frames | Stable/informal | — | 2000 | MP3/audio metadata; v2.3 de-facto common |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | ClaimReview | ClaimReview | https://schema.org/ClaimReview | Ontology | schema.org/CreativeWork | NewsArticle | Schema.org Community (W3C CG) | JSON-LD / RDFa / Microdata | Active | https://schema.org/ClaimReview | 2025 | Markup for fact-checks of claims; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | EBUCore (Tech 3293) | EBUCore | https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/tech3293 | Ontology | — | PBCore, EBU CCDM | EBU | XSD + RDF/OWL | Superseded by EBUCorePlus | http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore# | 2015 | Core descriptive AV metadata; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Class Conceptual Data Model (Tech 3351) | EBU CCDM | https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/tech3351 | Metamodel | — | EBUCore | EBU | Conceptual model / ontology | Superseded by EBUCorePlus | — | 2015 | Vocabulary of business objects across content lifecycle |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | EBUCorePlus (Tech 3397) | EBUCorePlus | https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/tech3397 | Ontology | EBUCore + CCDM | EBUCore | EBU | RDF/OWL (open-source) | Active | — | 2025 | Merges/replaces EBUCore + CCDM; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Public Broadcasting Core | PBCore | https://pbcore.org/ | Metadata Standard | — | EBUCore | WGBH / AMIA | XML (XSD) | Active | http://www.pbcore.org/PBCore/PBCoreNamespace.html | 2011 | US public-broadcasting cataloging/exchange |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Interoperable Master Format | IMF (ST 2067) | https://www.smpte.org/standards/st2067 | Exchange Format | MXF / BMFF | DPP AS-11 | SMPTE | MXF + XML composition | Active | http://www.smpte-ra.org/schemas/2067-3/2016 | 2013 | File-based versioned master delivery |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Registered Disclosure Documents | SMPTE RDD | https://www.smpte.org/standards/rdd | Framework | — | SMPTE EG/ST | SMPTE | Document series | Active | — | ongoing | Sponsor-submitted disclosures |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Material Exchange Format | MXF (ST 377-1) | https://pub.smpte.org/latest/st377-1/ | Serialization Format | AAF data model | AAF | SMPTE | KLV container | Active | — | 2019 | Open interchange/archival container |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Advanced Authoring Format | AAF | https://www.amwa.tv/aaf | Serialization Format | — | MXF | AMWA | Object-oriented file | Active | — | 2005 | Post-production authoring interchange |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Broadcast Wave Format (Tech 3285) | BWF | https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/tech3285 | Serialization Format | RIFF/WAVE | ID3 | EBU | Audio file (RIFF + bext) | Active | — | 2011 | Broadcast audio interchange; v2 adds R 128 loudness |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Digital Production Partnership / AS-11 | DPP | https://www.thedpp.com/ | Application Profile | MXF | IMF | DPP (specs via AMWA) | Constrained MXF profile | Active | — | 2014 | UK broadcast finished-programme delivery |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Timed Text Markup Language | TTML | https://www.w3.org/TR/ttml2/ | Exchange Format | — | WebVTT | W3C | XML | Active | http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml | 2018 | Subtitle/caption authoring; basis for IMSC/EBU-TT |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Web Video Text Tracks | WebVTT | https://www.w3.org/TR/webvtt1/ | Serialization Format | — | TTML | W3C | Plain-text cues | Active (CR) | — | 2026 | Web-native captions/subtitles for HTML5 |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | MPEG-7 | MPEG-7 | https://www.mpeg.org/standards/MPEG-7/ | Metadata Standard | — | MPEG-21 | ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 | XML (DDL/XSD) | Active | urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001 | 2024 | Multimedia content description |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | MPEG-21 | MPEG-21 | https://www.mpeg.org/standards/MPEG-21/ | Framework | — | MPEG-7 | ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 | XML + RDF | Active | urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:01-DIDL-NS | 2025 | Digital Item delivery framework |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | MPEG-DASH | DASH | https://www.iso.org/standard/89027.html | Protocol | — | CMAF, HLS | ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 | XML MPD + segments | Active (5th ed) | urn:mpeg:dash:schema:mpd:2011 | 2022 | Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Common Media Application Format | CMAF | https://www.mpeg.org/standards/MPEG-A/19/ | Serialization Format | ISO BMFF | DASH, HLS | ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 | Fragmented MP4 | Active | — | 2024 | Unifies segmented packaging for HLS + DASH |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Digital Program Insertion Cueing | SCTE-35 | https://account.scte.org/standards/library/catalog/scte-35-digital-program-insertion-cueing-message/ | Protocol | — | VMAP | SCTE / CableLabs | Binary + XML | Active | http://www.scte.org/schemas/35 | 2023 | Signals ad-break/splice points in streams |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Entertainment Identifier Registry | EIDR | https://www.eidr.org/ | Code List | DOI / Handle | Ad-ID | EIDR Association | DOI-based ID | Active | urn:eidr: | 2016 | Unique IDs for AV works/variants; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Ad-ID | Ad-ID | https://www.ad-id.org/ | Code List | — | EIDR | AD-ID LLC (ANA + 4A's) | 11–12 char alphanumeric | Active | urn:adid: | 2017 | US standard ID for advertising assets |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | schema.org VideoObject | VideoObject | https://schema.org/VideoObject | Ontology | schema.org/MediaObject | ClaimReview | Schema.org Community (W3C CG) | JSON-LD / Microdata | Active | https://schema.org/VideoObject | 2026 | Structured-data type for video; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Content Provenance and Authenticity | C2PA | https://spec.c2pa.org/ | Framework | — | CAI, XMP | C2PA (Linux Foundation JDF) | CBOR/JUMBF signed manifests | Active (v2.4) | — | 2025 | Certifies media provenance; underlies Content Credentials; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Content Authenticity Initiative | CAI | https://contentauthenticity.org/ | Framework | C2PA | C2PA | Adobe-led coalition | Initiative + tooling | Active | — | 2019 | Promotes/builds tools for C2PA Content Credentials |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Extensible Metadata Platform | XMP (ISO 16684) | https://www.iso.org/standard/75163.html | Metadata Standard | RDF | IIM, EXIF | ISO TC130 (orig. Adobe) | XML/RDF (Part 3 JSON-LD) | Active | http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/ | 2019 | RDF metadata embedded in files; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Exchangeable Image File Format | EXIF | https://www.cipa.jp/e/std/std-sec.html | Metadata Standard | — | XMP, IIM | CIPA (Japan) | Binary tags | Active | http://ns.adobe.com/exif/1.0/ | 2023 | Exif 3.0 adds UTF-8, multi-GNSS, AI-annotation fields |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Electronic Release Notification | DDEX ERN | https://ern.ddex.net/ | Exchange Format | DDEX | CWR | DDEX | XML | Active | http://ddex.net/xml/ern/43 | 2022 | Labels/distributors notify DSPs of releases; import candidate |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Musical Work Licensing | DDEX MWL | https://mwl.ddex.net/ | Exchange Format | DDEX | CWR | DDEX | XML | Active | — | 2021 | US choreography for musical-work licensing |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Common Works Registration | CWR | https://www.cisac.org/formats | Exchange Format | — | DDEX ERN | CISAC | Fixed-width flat file | Active | — | 2019 | Register musical works with PROs/MROs |
| Advertising & Marketing | OpenRTB | OpenRTB | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/openrtb/ | Protocol | — | AdCOM | IAB Tech Lab | JSON | Active | — | 2026 | Real-time bidding protocol; import candidate |
| Advertising & Marketing | Advertising Common Object Model | AdCOM | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/adcom-advertising-common-object-model/ | Metamodel | OpenRTB 3.0 | OpenRTB | IAB Tech Lab | JSON object model | Active | — | 2019 | Shared vocab for OpenRTB; import candidate |
| Advertising & Marketing | Video Ad Serving Template | VAST | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/vast/ | Exchange Format | — | VPAID, VMAP, SIMID | IAB Tech Lab | XML | Active (4.3) | http://www.iab.com/VAST | 2022 | Ad metadata from ad server to video player; import candidate |
| Advertising & Marketing | Video Player-Ad Interface Definition | VPAID | https://iabtechlab.com/standards-old/video-player-ad-interface-definition-vpaid/ | Protocol | — | SIMID, OMID | IAB Tech Lab | JavaScript API | Deprecated | — | 2012 | Interactive in-stream ad interface; replaced by SIMID + OMID |
| Advertising & Marketing | Video Multiple Ad Playlist | VMAP | https://iabtechlab.com/standards-old/video-multiple-ad-playlist-vmap/ | Exchange Format | — | VAST, SCTE-35 | IAB Tech Lab | XML | Legacy | http://www.iab.net/videosuite/vmap | 2012 | Ad-break structure/timing |
| Advertising & Marketing | IAB Content Taxonomy | Content Taxonomy | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/content-taxonomy/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | Media Topics, Audience Taxonomy | IAB Tech Lab | TSV/XLSX | Active (3.1) | — | 2025 | Common language for content; import candidate |
| Advertising & Marketing | IAB Audience Taxonomy | Audience Taxonomy | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/audience-taxonomy/ | Controlled Vocabulary | — | Content Taxonomy | IAB Tech Lab | TSV/XLSX | Active | — | 2020 | Common nomenclature for audience segments |
| Advertising & Marketing | Authorized Digital Sellers | ads.txt | https://iabtechlab.com/ads-txt/ | Exchange Format | — | sellers.json | IAB Tech Lab | Plain-text file | Active | — | 2022 | Anti-fraud whitelist of authorized sellers (app-ads.txt for apps) |
| Advertising & Marketing | sellers.json | sellers.json | https://iabtechlab.com/sellers-json/ | Exchange Format | — | ads.txt | IAB Tech Lab | JSON file | Active | — | 2019 | Supply-chain transparency; pairs with SupplyChain object |
| Advertising & Marketing | OpenDirect | OpenDirect | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/opendirect/ | Protocol | — | OpenRTB | IAB Tech Lab | JSON/OpenAPI | Active | — | 2024 | API for programmatic-direct/guaranteed order management |
| Advertising & Marketing | Data Transparency Label | Data Label | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/data-transparency-standard/ | Metadata Standard | — | — | IAB Tech Lab | Disclosure schema | Active | — | 2024 | Nutritional label for audience data |
| Advertising & Marketing | Transparency & Consent Framework | TCF | https://iabeurope.eu/transparency-consent-framework/ | Framework | — | GPP | IAB Europe | TC String + specs | Active (2.3) | — | 2025 | EU/EEA GDPR consent standard; produces TC String |
| Advertising & Marketing | Global Privacy Platform | GPP | https://iabtechlab.com/gpp/ | Framework | — | TCF | IAB Tech Lab | transport string | Active | — | 2022 | Umbrella string carrying regional privacy strings |
| Advertising & Marketing | TCF Consent String | TC String | https://github.com/InteractiveAdvertisingBureau/GDPR-Transparency-and-Consent-Framework | Serialization Format | TCF | GPP | IAB Europe | base64url bit-packed string | Active | — | 2025 | Output of TCF; carried inside GPP |
| Advertising & Marketing | Secure Interactive Media Interface Definition | SIMID | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/simid/ | Protocol | VAST | VPAID, OMID | IAB Tech Lab | HTML/JS spec | Active | — | 2024 | Ad interactivity half of VPAID replacement |
| Advertising & Marketing | Open Measurement (OMID / OM SDK) | OMID | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/open-measurement-sdk/ | Protocol | — | SIMID, VPAID | IAB Tech Lab | SDK + API | Active | — | 2025 | Measurement/verification half of VPAID replacement |
| Advertising & Marketing | SafeFrame | SafeFrame | https://github.com/InteractiveAdvertisingBureau/safeframe | Framework | — | SHARC | IAB Tech Lab | JS API | Legacy | — | 2014 | Sandboxed iframe API for cross-domain ad rendering |
| Advertising & Marketing | Prebid.js | Prebid | https://docs.prebid.org/ | Framework | — | OpenRTB | Prebid.org | Open-source JS (Apache-2.0) | Active | — | 2026 | Open-source client-side header-bidding wrapper |
| Advertising & Marketing | OpenRTB Native Ads | OpenRTB Native | https://iabtechlab.com/standards/openrtb-native/ | Exchange Format | OpenRTB | OpenRTB | IAB Tech Lab | JSON object spec | Folded into OpenRTB 2.6+ | — | 2017 | Native ad request/response |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | GL Transmission Format | glTF | https://registry.khronos.org/glTF/specs/2.0/glTF-2.0.html | Serialization Format | — | USD, FBX, COLLADA | Khronos Group | JSON (.gltf) + binary (.glb) | Active (2.0) | model/gltf+json | 2017 | "JPEG of 3D"; royalty-free runtime delivery; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Universal Scene Description | USD / OpenUSD | https://openusd.org/release/spec.html | Geometry/Scene Model | — | glTF, Alembic, FBX | Alliance for OpenUSD (LF) | .usd/.usda/.usdc/.usdz | Active | — | 2016 | Pixar pipeline core; AOUSD standardization; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | COLLADA | COLLADA / DAE | https://www.khronos.org/files/collada_spec_1_5_1.pdf | Exchange Format | — | glTF, FBX | Khronos Group | XML (.dae) | Legacy; ISO/PAS 17506 | http://www.collada.org/2008/03/COLLADASchema | 2008 | Superseded by glTF for delivery |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | OpenXR | OpenXR | https://registry.khronos.org/OpenXR/ | API Description | — | WebXR | Khronos Group | C API + XML registry | Active (1.1) | — | 2019 | Royalty-free AR/VR runtime/device API |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | WebXR Device API | WebXR | https://www.w3.org/TR/webxr/ | API Description | — | OpenXR | W3C (Immersive Web WG) | JavaScript Web API | Candidate Recommendation | — | 2018 | Successor to deprecated WebVR |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Extensible 3D | X3D | https://www.web3d.org/standards/version/V4.0 | Geometry/Scene Model | VRML | glTF, USD | Web3D Consortium (ISO/IEC SC24) | XML/.x3d, JSON, binary | Active; ISO/IEC 19775-1:2023 | http://www.web3d.org/specifications/x3d | 2023 | Royalty-free; v4 adds HTML5/glTF/PBR |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Virtual Reality Modeling Language | VRML | https://www.web3d.org/documents/specifications/14772/V2.0/ | Serialization Format | — | X3D | Web3D Consortium / ISO/IEC | text (.wrl) | Obsolete | — | 1997 | Direct ancestor of X3D |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | 3D Tiles | 3D Tiles | https://docs.ogc.org/cs/22-025r4/22-025r4.html | Geometry/Scene Model | glTF | CityGML, I3S | OGC (orig. Cesium) | tileset JSON + glTF | Active OGC Community Standard (1.1) | — | 2022 | Streaming massive 3D geospatial datasets; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | 3D Manufacturing Format | 3MF | https://3mf.io/spec/ | Serialization Format | — | STL, AMF | 3MF Consortium | OPC/ZIP of XML (.3mf) | Active; ISO/IEC 25422:2025 | http://schemas.microsoft.com/3dmanufacturing/core/2015/02 | 2015 | Open 3D-printing/additive format |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Stereolithography | STL | https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000504.shtml | Serialization Format | — | OBJ, 3MF | 3D Systems (de-facto) | triangle mesh ASCII/binary | De-facto; frozen | — | 1987 | Surface geometry only; ubiquitous in 3D printing |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Wavefront OBJ | OBJ | https://paulbourke.net/dataformats/obj/ | Serialization Format | — | STL, glTF | Wavefront → Autodesk (de-facto) | text (.obj) + .mtl | Open de-facto | — | 1992 | No animation/scene graph; companion .mtl materials |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Filmbox | FBX | https://www.autodesk.com/products/fbx/overview | Exchange Format | — | glTF, USD, COLLADA | Autodesk (orig. Kaydara) | proprietary binary/ASCII | Active (closed) | — | 2006 | No public binary spec; SDK is only sanctioned reference |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Alembic | ABC | http://www.alembic.io/ | Exchange Format | — | USD, glTF | Sony Imageworks + ILM (BSD-3) | binary cache (.abc) | Active open source | — | 2011 | Baked geometry/animation cache |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | MaterialX | MTLX | https://materialx.org/ | Schema Language | — | OpenPBR, USD shading | ASWF (orig. Lucasfilm/ILM) | XML (.mtlx) | Active (1.39) | — | 2012 | Material/look-dev exchange; v1.39 adds OpenPBR; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | OpenVDB | OpenVDB | https://www.openvdb.org/documentation/ | Serialization Format | — | OpenEXR | ASWF (orig. DreamWorks) | binary sparse volume (.vdb) | Active | — | 2012 | Sparse volumetric data structure + I/O |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | USD Zip Package | USDZ | https://openusd.org/release/spec_usdz.html | Serialization Format | USD | glTF/.glb | OpenUSD/ASWF (AR profile Apple) | uncompressed ZIP of USD | Active (v1.3) | model/vnd.usdz+zip | 2018 | Zero-compression zip; AR distribution |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Khronos Texture | KTX2 | https://registry.khronos.org/KTX/specs/2.0/ktxspec.v2.html | Serialization Format | — | DDS, Basis | Khronos Group | binary GPU-texture container | Ratified (2.0) | — | 2021 | Basis Universal supercompression; pairs with glTF |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | SPIR-V | SPIR-V | https://registry.khronos.org/SPIR-V/specs/unified1/SPIRV.html | Metamodel | — | DXIL | Khronos Group | binary shader/compute IR | Active (v1.6) | — | 2015 | Intermediate representation; target for Vulkan/OpenCL |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Analytic Rendering Interface | ANARI | https://registry.khronos.org/ANARI/ | API Description | — | OpenGL, Vulkan | Khronos Group | C99 API | Finalized (1.0) | — | 2023 | Cross-vendor scalable 3D/scientific rendering API |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | OpenPBR Surface | OpenPBR | https://academysoftwarefoundation.github.io/OpenPBR/ | Schema Language | MaterialX | Standard Surface, glTF PBR | ASWF (Autodesk + Adobe) | surface shading-model spec | Active (v1.1.1) | — | 2024 | Über-shader; ships in MaterialX 1.39 |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Open Game Engine Exchange | OpenGEX | http://opengex.org/ | Exchange Format | OpenDDL | COLLADA, glTF | Eric Lengyel / Terathon | text (.ogex) on OpenDDL | Active (v3.0) | model/vnd.opengex | 2013 | Application-agnostic scene interchange; gaming |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | ROS Message Interfaces (IDL) | rosidl | https://design.ros2.org/articles/idl_interface_definition.html | Schema Language | OMG IDL | DDS IDL, Protobuf | Open Robotics / OSRA | text IDL (.msg/.srv/.action) | Active | — | 2018 | Subset of OMG IDL 4.2; compiles to .idl for DDS; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Unified Robot Description Format | URDF | http://wiki.ros.org/urdf | Schema Language | — | SDF, SRDF | Open Robotics / OSRA | XML | Active | — | 2009 | Rooted tree of links/joints; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Simulation Description Format | SDFormat | http://sdformat.org/ | Schema Language | URDF | URDF, MJCF | Open Robotics / OSRA (Gazebo) | XML | Active | — | 2012 | Superset of URDF: worlds, physics, sensors, lights |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Semantic Robot Description Format | SRDF | https://github.com/moveit/srdfdom | Schema Language | URDF | URDF | MoveIt project (ROS) | XML | Active | — | 2012 | Semantic complement to URDF: planning groups, collision pairs |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | MoveIt | MoveIt 2 | https://moveit.ai/ | Framework | — | Open-RMF | PickNik Robotics + community | software framework | Active | — | 2013 | Motion planning/manipulation platform |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | OPC UA Robotics Companion Spec | OPC UA Robotics | https://opcfoundation.org/markets-collaboration/robotics/ | Application Profile | OPC UA | VDA 5050 | OPC Foundation + VDMA | OPC UA information model | Active | — | 2018 | Uniform robot data model (= VDMA 40010) |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | VDA 5050 | VDA 5050 | https://github.com/VDA5050/VDA5050 | Protocol | — | OPC UA Robotics, Open-RMF | VDA + VDMA | JSON over MQTT | Active (v3.0.0) | — | 2019 | Manufacturer-independent AGV/AMR fleet interface; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Robotics — Vocabulary | ISO 8373 | https://www.iso.org/standard/75539.html | Controlled Vocabulary | — | — | ISO (TC 299 Robotics) | International Standard (terms) | Published (2021) | — | 2021 | Robot vocabulary; import candidate |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Data Distribution Service | DDS | https://www.omg.org/spec/DDS/1.4/ | Protocol | — | ROS IDL, MQTT | OMG | API + wire/QoS spec | Published (v1.4) | — | 2015 | Data-centric pub-sub; underlies ROS 2 |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Robotics Middleware Framework | Open-RMF | https://www.open-rmf.org/ | Framework | — | MoveIt, VDA 5050 | Open Source Robotics Alliance | software framework on ROS 2 | Active | — | 2018 | Interoperability/traffic/task layer across robot fleets |
| Mobility & Transportation | Network and Timetable Exchange | NeTEx | https://netex-cen.eu | Exchange Format | Transmodel | GTFS, SIRI | CEN (TC 278 / WG3) | XML Schema (XSD) | Published CEN/TS 16614 | http://www.netex.org.uk/netex | 2014 | Static PT data (network, timetables, fares); import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | Service Interface for Real Time Information | SIRI | https://www.siri.org.uk | Exchange Format | Transmodel | GTFS-RT, NeTEx | CEN (TC 278 / WG3) | XML Schema; SOAP/REST | Published CEN/TS 15531 | http://www.siri.org.uk/siri | 2006 | Real-time PT data; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | Public Transport Reference Data Model | Transmodel | https://transmodel-cen.eu | Metamodel | — | IFOPT | CEN (TC 278 / WG3) | abstract UML model | Published EN 12896 | — | 2016 | Abstract reference model behind NeTEx/SIRI; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | OpenLR | OpenLR | https://www.openlr.org | Code List | — | TPEG-Loc, AGORA-C | TomTom / OpenLR Association | binary byte stream + XML | Open, royalty-free | — | 2009 | Map-agnostic dynamic location referencing |
| Mobility & Transportation | Mobility Data Specification | MDS | https://github.com/openmobilityfoundation/mobility-data-specification | API Description | — | GBFS | Open Mobility Foundation | REST / JSON (OpenAPI) | Active (v2.0.1) | — | 2019 | City↔operator exchange for shared vehicles; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | General Bikeshare Feed Specification | GBFS | https://gbfs.org | Exchange Format | — | MDS, GTFS | MobilityData | JSON feeds | Active (v3.0) | — | 2014 | Real-time public feeds for shared mobility; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | Transport Operator to MaaS Provider API | TOMP-API | https://github.com/TOMP-WG/TOMP-API | API Description | — | MDS, OSDM | TOMP-WG (MaaS Alliance) | OpenAPI 3.0 / REST JSON | Active (v2.0.0) | — | 2019 | Operator ↔ MaaS provider (booking/payment/trip); import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | OpenTripPlanner | OTP | https://www.opentripplanner.org | Framework | — | Navitia | OTP community (orig. TriMet) | Java server; GraphQL/REST | Active (OTP2) | — | 2009 | Multimodal trip planner; consumes GTFS/NeTEx/SIRI/OSM |
| Mobility & Transportation | Open Sales and Distribution Model | OSDM | https://osdm.io | API Description | — | NDC, UIC 918 | UIC | OpenAPI + JSON | Active (v3.x) | — | 2020 | Open rail ticketing/distribution; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | Information Technology for Public Transport | ITxPT | https://itxpt.org | Framework | — | NeTEx, SIRI | ITxPT Association | architecture specs | Active | — | 2013 | Open onboard/back-office IT architecture + compliance label |
| Mobility & Transportation | Cooperative Awareness / Notification Messages | CAM/DENM | https://www.etsi.org/standards | Protocol | — | SAE J2735 | ETSI | ASN.1 over ITS-G5 | Published EN 302 637 | — | 2019 | European C-ITS V2X facilities-layer messages; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | Sensor Interface Specification | SENSORIS | https://sensoris.org/ | Exchange Format | — | OSI, NDS | ERTICO – ITS Europe (orig. HERE) | Protobuf (.proto) | Active (v1.3.1) | — | 2022 | Vehicle-sensor-to-cloud data exchange |
| Mobility & Transportation | ASAM OpenDRIVE | OpenDRIVE | https://www.asam.net/standards/detail/opendrive/ | Geometry/Scene Model | — | NDS, OpenSCENARIO | ASAM e.V. | XML (.xodr) | Active (v1.8.1) | — | 2024 | Static road-network description for driving simulation; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | ASAM OpenSCENARIO XML | OpenSCENARIO | https://www.asam.net/standards/detail/openscenario-xml/ | Exchange Format | — | OpenDRIVE, OSI | ASAM e.V. | XML (.xosc) / DSL | Active (XML 1.3.1) | — | 2024 | Dynamic scenario description; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | ASAM Open Simulation Interface | OSI | https://www.asam.net/standards/detail/osi/ | Exchange Format | — | SENSORIS, OpenDRIVE | ASAM e.V. | Protobuf (.proto) | Active (v3.8.0) | — | 2024 | Sensor-model ↔ AD simulation perception interface |
| Mobility & Transportation | Navigation Data Standard | NDS / NDS.Live | https://nds-association.org/ | Exchange Format | — | OpenDRIVE | NDS Association e.V. | SQLite binary; zserio + APIs | Active | — | 2019 | Automotive-grade map data (offline + HD); import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | Aeronautical Information Exchange Model | AIXM | https://aixm.aero/ | Application Profile | GML 3.2 | FIXM, S-100 | EUROCONTROL + FAA | XML Schema (XSD) / GML | Active (5.1.1) | http://www.aixm.aero/schema/5.1.1 | 2018 | GML-based digital aeronautical data exchange; import candidate |
| Mobility & Transportation | Flight Information Exchange Model | FIXM | https://www.fixm.aero/ | Exchange Format | — | AIXM | FIXM Change Control Board | XML Schema (XSD) | Active (v4.3.0) | — | 2023 | Flight/flow info exchange supporting ICAO FF-ICE |
| Mobility & Transportation | New Distribution Capability | NDC | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/airline-distribution/retailing/ndc/ | Exchange Format | — | OSDM, ARINC | IATA | XML messaging schemas | Active (24.1) | — | 2024 | Airline-to-agent retailing (offers/orders) |
| Mobility & Transportation | ARINC 424 Navigation System Database | ARINC 424 | https://aviation-ia.sae-itc.com/standards/arinc424-23-424-23-navigation-system-database | Exchange Format | — | AIXM | AEEC / ARINC Industry Activities | fixed-length 132-byte ASCII | Active | — | 1975 | Coded nav data for FMS (airports, navaids, procedures) |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | Transferred Account Procedure | TAP / TD.57 | https://www.gsma.com/about-us/open-standards-specifications/ | Exchange Format | — | RAP, NRTRDE, BCE | GSMA | ASN.1 (BER) | Active (TAP3.12) | — | 1991/2023 | De-facto roaming settlement record; import candidate (charge-record data dictionary) |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | Returned Account Procedure | RAP / TD.32 | https://www.gsma.com/about-us/open-standards-specifications/ | Exchange Format | TD.57 (TAP) | TAP, NRTRDE | GSMA | ASN.1 (BER) | Active | — | 2001 | Returns rejected TAP files/records with error codes to VPMN |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | Billing & Charging Evolution | BCE / TD.58 | https://www.gsma.com/get-involved/working-groups/interoperability-data-specifications-and-settlement-group/billing-and-charging-evolution/ | Exchange Format | — | TAP, RAP | GSMA | CSV / structured reports | Active (TAP successor) | — | 2020 | Successor to TAP; UDR/Billing Statement/DDR reports; import candidate |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | TADIG Code Naming Conventions | TADIG / TD.13 | https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/TD-13-v10-3.pdf | Identifier Scheme | — | UN/LOCODE, MCC/MNC | GSMA | Code list (5-char) | Active | — | 1990s | 5-char operator identifier; import candidate (controlled code list) |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | Near Real Time Roaming Data Exchange | NRTRDE / TD.35 | https://www.gsma.com/about-us/open-standards-specifications/ | Exchange Format | TD.57 (TAP-like) | TAP, RAP | GSMA | ASN.1 (BER) | Active | — | 2007 | Roaming usage within 4h for fraud control |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | International Public Telecommunication Numbering Plan | E.164 | https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.164/en | Identifier Scheme | — | E.212, ENUM | ITU-T | Recommendation | In force | — | 1980s/2010 | Max 15 digits CC + NSN; import candidate (numbering root) |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | International Identification Plan (IMSI) | E.212 | https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.212/en | Identifier Scheme | — | E.164, E.118 | ITU-T | Recommendation | In force | — | 1988 | IMSI structure (MCC+MNC+MSIN); underpins roaming identity |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | International Charge Card Numbering (ICCID) | E.118 | https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.118/en | Identifier Scheme | — | E.164, E.212 | ITU-T | Recommendation | In force | — | 1988 | ICCID/SIM card numbering for physical SIM and eUICC |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | D-Series Tariff & Accounting Principles | ITU-T D | https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-D | Framework | — | GSMA BCE | ITU-T | Recommendation series | In force | — | — | International tariff/accounting/settlement policy principles |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | Charging Data Record Parameter Description | CDR / TS 32.298 | https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/32_series/32.298/ | Information Model | 3GPP charging (32.240) | TAP, Diameter CC | 3GPP SA5 | ASN.1 / abstract syntax | Active (Rel-17+) | — | 1999/2022 | Defines CDR params/encoding for CS/PS/EPS/IMS; import candidate |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | Diameter Base Protocol (Credit-Control) | Diameter / RFC 6733 | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6733.html | Protocol | RFC 3588 | RADIUS, CDR | IETF | AVP message protocol | Proposed Standard | — | 2003/2012 | AAA framework; credit-control (RFC 4006) for online charging |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | RADIUS Accounting | RADIUS / RFC 2866 | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2866.html | Protocol | RFC 2865 | Diameter | IETF | UDP attribute protocol | Informational | — | 2000 | Accounting Start/Stop records between NAS and server |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | ENUM (E.164 to URI DDDS) | ENUM / RFC 6116 | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6116.html | Protocol | E.164, DNS DDDS | E.164 | IETF | DNS NAPTR records | Proposed Standard | e164.arpa | 2000/2011 | Maps E.164 numbers to URIs via DNS |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | GSMA Open Gateway / CAMARA APIs | Open Gateway | https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/gsma-open-gateway/gsma-open-gateway-api-descriptions/ | API Description | — | OneAPI | GSMA / CAMARA (LF) | OpenAPI (YAML/JSON) | Active | — | 2023 | Federated network APIs (SIM Swap, Number Verification, Location); import candidate |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | Roaming Database (RAEX IR.21) | IR.21 | https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/gsma_resources/ir-21-gsm-association-roaming-database-structure-and-updating/ | Schema Language | — | TADIG | GSMA | XML (RAEX schema) | Active (v18.x) | — | 1990s/2024 | Network/operator/identifier data for roaming setup; import candidate |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | eSIM Remote SIM Provisioning (Consumer) | SGP.22 | https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/technologies/esim/esim-specification/ | Protocol | SGP.21 | SGP.02, SGP.32 | GSMA | ASN.1/HTTP | Active (v2.x/v3.x) | — | 2016/2024 | Consumer eUICC RSP; profile download/management |
| Telecom Billing, Roaming & Numbering | RCS Universal Profile (Service Definition) | RCC.71 | https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/technologies/networks/gsma_resources/rcs-universal-profile-service-definition-document-version-2-7/ | Application Profile | RCS / OMA CPM | — | GSMA | Service definition doc | Active (v2.7) | — | 2024 | Single global RCS messaging implementation profile |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Universal Hydrographic Data Model | S-100 | https://iho.int/en/s-100-universal-hydrographic-data-model | Framework | ISO 19100 series | INSPIRE, OGC | IHO | Framework (12 parts) | Active (Ed. 5.0.0) | — | 2010/2022 | Profile of ISO 19100; parent of all S-1xx products; import candidate |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data | S-57 | https://iho.int/en/standards-and-specifications | Exchange Format | — | S-101 | IHO | ISO 8211 binary | Legacy (Ed. 3.1) | — | 1992/2002 | ENC format for ECDIS; superseded by S-101 |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Electronic Navigational Chart Product Specification | S-101 | https://iho.int/en/iho-s-101-to-s-199 | Application Profile | S-100 | S-57 | IHO | S-100 (GML/HDF5) | Active | — | 2018 | Next-gen ENC; machine-readable feature catalogue; import candidate |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Bathymetric Surface Product Specification | S-102 | https://iho.int/en/s-100-based-product-specifications | Application Profile | S-100 | S-104, S-111 | IHO | HDF5 (gridded) | Active | — | — | High-resolution gridded bathymetry / seafloor DEM |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Water Level Information for Surface Navigation | S-104 | https://iho.int/en/s-100-based-product-specifications | Application Profile | S-100 | S-102, S-111 | IHO | HDF5 | Active | — | — | Tidal/water level real-time, hindcast, forecast for ECDIS |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Surface Currents Product Specification | S-111 | https://iho.int/en/s-100-based-product-specifications | Application Profile | S-100 | S-102, S-104 | IHO | HDF5 (gridded) | Active | — | — | Surface current observations/predictions for navigation |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Route Plan (S-100 based) | S-421 | https://iho.int/en/iho-s-101-to-s-199 | Application Profile | S-100 / IMO | IEC 61174 RTZ | IHO (with IEC) | S-100 / GML | Active | — | 2021 | Route exchange aligned with IEC 61174 ed.4 and S-211 |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | IMO Compendium (FAL Data Set + Reference Model) | IMO Compendium | https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/facilitation/pages/maritimesinglewindow-default.aspx | Information Model | UN/CEFACT, WCO | DCSA, ISO 28005 | IMO | Data set + reference model | Active (MSW 2024) | — | 2019/2024 | Harmonizes Maritime Single Window data; FAL Convention; import candidate |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Secure Communication between Ship and Shore | SECOM / IEC 63173-2 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64543 | Protocol | S-100 ecosystem | DCSA APIs | IEC (TC 80) | REST API + security | Published (Ed. 1.0) | — | 2022 | Payload-agnostic secure exchange of S-100 products |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Electronic Port Clearance | EPC / ISO 28005 | https://www.iso.org/standard/83881.html | Messaging Standard | IMO FAL | IMO Compendium | ISO (TC 8) | XML / API | Active (Parts 1-3) | — | 2011/2024 | Ship-shore port clearance message structures; import candidate |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | AIS Technical Characteristics | AIS / M.1371 | https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1371-5-201402-I/en | Messaging Standard | — | VDES | ITU-R | Binary TDMA | In force (Ed. 5) | — | 2001/2014 | AIS message set, 9600 bps GMSK, two VHF channels |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | VHF Data Exchange System | VDES / M.2092 | https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.2092-1-202202-S!!PDF-E.pdf | Messaging Standard | M.1371 (AIS) | AIS | ITU-R | TDMA + ASM/VDE | In force | — | 2015/2022 | Extends AIS with ASM and terrestrial/satellite VDE |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | NMEA 0183 Interface Standard | NMEA 0183 | https://www.nmea.org/nmea-0183.html | Messaging Standard | — | NMEA 2000 | NMEA | ASCII serial sentences | Active (legacy) | — | 1983 | Talker-listener sentences; standardized as IEC 61162-1/2 |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | NMEA 2000 Network Standard | NMEA 2000 | https://www.nmea.org/nmea-2000.html | Messaging Standard | CAN bus | NMEA 0183 | NMEA | CAN (250 kbps, PGN) | Active | — | 2001 | Multi-talker CAN network; IEC 61162-3 |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | DCSA Bill of Lading / eBL Standard | eBL (BoL 3.0) | https://dcsa.org/standards/bill-of-lading | API Description | UN/CEFACT | IMO Compendium | DCSA | OpenAPI (JSON) | Active (BoL 3.0) | — | 2020/2025 | Open-API eBL data + signatures; import candidate |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | Code for Trade and Transport Locations | UN/LOCODE | https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory | Identifier Scheme | — | SMDG TCL, BIC | UNECE / UN/CEFACT | Code list (5-char) | Active (biannual) | — | 1981 | Ports, terminals, border points; import candidate |
| Maritime & Hydrographic | SMDG Terminal Code List | SMDG TCL | https://smdg.org/documents/smdg-code-lists/ | Identifier Scheme | UN/LOCODE | UN/LOCODE, BIC | SMDG | Code list | Active | — | — | Container/RoRo terminal codes; UN/CEFACT-endorsed child code |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Passenger and Airport Data Interchange Standards | PADIS EDIFACT | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/passenger/ | Messaging Standard | — | PNRGOV, AIDX | IATA (PADIS Board / A4A) | EDIFACT (+XML) | Active | — | 2017 | Parent EDI family for passenger/airport msgs; import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Passenger Name Record to Government | PNRGOV | https://www.iata.org/contentassets/18a5fdb2dc144d619a8c10dc1472ae80/pnrgov-edifact-implementation-guide_21_1.pdf | Messaging Standard | PADIS EDIFACT | API/PNR msgs | IATA / A4A (w/ WCO, ICAO) | EDIFACT (+XML) | Active | — | 2021 | Airline→government PNR transmission; import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Cargo-XML | Cargo-XML | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/e/cargo-xml/ | Messaging Standard | UN/CEFACT CCL | WCO Data Model | IATA (Cargo Msg WG) | XML | Active | — | 2010s | Air-cargo e-messaging, replaces Cargo-IMP; strong import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | ONE Order | ONE Order | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/airline-distribution/retailing/one-order/ | Information Model | Offers & Orders | NDC | IATA (Shop-Order Std Board) | XML | Active (Res. 797) | — | 2017 | Single Order replaces PNR/e-ticket/EMD; import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Distribution with Offers & Orders | Offers & Orders | https://www.iata.org/en/about/sp/areas/offers-and-orders-transformation-strategic-partnerships-program/ | Information Model | — | ONE Order, NDC | IATA (Airline Retailing Consortium) | XML (NDC schemas) | Active | — | 2024 | Modern Airline Retailing umbrella; import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | BSP Data Interchange Specifications Handbook | BSP/DISH | https://www.iata.org/en/publications/bspdish/ | Information Model | PSC Res. 750 | — | IATA (BDISG) | Flat-file record layouts | Active | — | 2018 | Settlement file formats (agent/airline/GDS/BSP) |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Machine Readable Travel Documents | Doc 9303 | https://www.icao.int/publications/doc-series/doc-9303 | Information Model | — | ICAO PKD | ICAO | MRZ + LDS data groups | Active (8th Ed) | — | 2021 | ePassport / MRTD chip LDS + MRZ standard |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Public Key Directory | ICAO PKD | https://www.icao.int/icao-pkd | Protocol | — | — | ICAO | PKI directory (X.509, CRL) | Active | — | 2007 | Public-key broker validating ePassport chip signatures |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | ATS Data Exchange Presentation | ADEXP | https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/eurocontrol-specification-ats-data-exchange-presentation-adexp | Messaging Standard | — | FIXM, ICAO ATS | EUROCONTROL | Text field/keyword grammar | Active (Ed 3.4) | — | 1990s | Structured ATS flight-data msgs (OLDI) between ATC units |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Flight & Flow Information for a Collaborative Environment | FF-ICE | https://store.icao.int/en/manual-on-flight-and-flow-information-for-a-collaborative-environment-ff-ice-doc-9965 | Information Model | FIXM | SWIM, FIXM | ICAO (Doc 9965) | Concept doc; XML via FIXM | Active | — | 2012 | Collaborative flight planning for TBO; import candidate via FIXM |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Weather Information Exchange Model | WXXM | https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/weather-information-exchange-models-and-schema | Information Model | GML 3.2 | IWXXM | EUROCONTROL + FAA | GML/XML App Schema | Superseded for core | http://www.eurocontrol.int/wx/1.1 | 2014 | General MET exchange; core products moved to IWXXM |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model | IWXXM | https://schemas.wmo.int/iwxxm/ | Information Model | GML / METCE / AIXM | WXXM | WMO + ICAO (Doc 10003) | GML/XML + Schematron | Active (mandated) | http://icao.int/iwxxm/ | 2025 | Authoritative METAR/TAF/SIGMET XML encoding; best import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Aviation Information Data Exchange | AIDX | https://www.iata.org/en/publications/info-data-exchange/ | Messaging Standard | — | ACRIS | IATA (w/ ACI) | XML | Active | http://www.iata.org/IATA/2007/00 | 2022 | Flight / turnaround / operational-time exchange; import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Airport Community Recommended Information Services | ACRIS | https://aci.aero/about-aci/priorities/airport-it/acris/ | Information Model | AIDM / AIRM | AIDX | ACI World | UML semantic model + services | Active | — | — | Airport common semantic model; strong import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | EUROCONTROL Surveillance Info Exchange | ASTERIX | https://www.eurocontrol.int/asterix | Messaging Standard | — | ADS-B | EUROCONTROL (AMG) | Binary (Categories) | Active | — | 2021 | Binary radar/surveillance/ATM exchange |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | ADS-B 1090ES MOPS | DO-260 | https://www.rtca.org/ | Protocol | — | ASTERIX | RTCA (w/ EUROCAE ED-102) | Msg-encoding / MOPS | In force (DO-260B/C) | — | 2020 | ADS-B Out/In + TIS-B over 1090 MHz |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | ATS Message Handling System | AMHS | https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/eurocontrol-specification-air-traffic-services-message-handling-system-amhs | Protocol | X.400 | AFTN | ICAO (EUROCONTROL spec) | X.400 messaging | Active | — | 2016 | Aeronautical msg handling (NOTAM/FPL/MET); replaces AFTN |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications | CPDLC | https://skybrary.aero/articles/controller-pilot-data-link-communications-cpdlc | Protocol | ATN | FANS 1/A | ICAO | Data-link msg set | Active | — | 2003 | Controller↔pilot clearance/request msgs |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | System Wide Information Management | SWIM | https://www.eurocontrol.int/concept/system-wide-information-management | Protocol | AIRM | FF-ICE | ICAO (Doc 10039); FAA; EUROCONTROL | SOA / web-services | Active | https://reference.swim.aero/ | 2005 | ATM info-sharing architecture; semantics live in AIRM |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | ATM Information Reference Model | AIRM | https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/airm | Information Model | — | ACRIS | EUROCONTROL (SESAR) | UML model (+OWL AIRM-O) | Active | https://airm-o.github.io/airm-o/ | — | Common ATM semantic reference vocabulary; strongest import candidate |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Network Manager B2B Web Services | NM B2B | https://www.eurocontrol.int/service/network-manager-business-business-b2b-web-services | Protocol | AIXM / FIXM | DDR2 | EUROCONTROL (Network Manager) | SOAP/POX + AMQP, XML | Active | — | — | Service for flight/flow/airspace/slot data; embeds AIXM/FIXM |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | Demand Data Repository 2 | DDR2 | https://www.eurocontrol.int/ddr | Information Model | — | NM B2B | EUROCONTROL (Network Manager) | SO6/ALLFT+ files + REST | Active (restricted) | — | 2026 | Past/forecast pan-European traffic demand |
| Aviation & Air Traffic | OpenSky Network API | OpenSky | https://openskynetwork.github.io/opensky-api/ | API Description | — | ADS-B | OpenSky Network (non-profit) | REST / JSON state vectors | Active | https://opensky-network.org/api | 2026 | Live/historical ADS-B state vectors for research |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Confidentiality Metadata Label Syntax | STANAG 4774 | https://nisp.nw3.dk/standard/nato-adatp-4774-ed.a-v1.html | Information Model | — | STANAG 4778 | NATO NSO (DPC CaP1) | XML schema | Ratified | — | 2017 | Machine-readable confidentiality labels; import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Metadata Binding Mechanism | STANAG 4778 | https://nisp.nw3.dk/standard/nato-adatp-4778-ed.a-v1.html | Information Model | STANAG 4774 | — | NATO NSO (DPC CaP1) | XML schema + binding | Ratified | — | 2018 | Binds labels/metadata to data objects; import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Link 16 / J-series | STANAG 5516 | https://nisp.nw3.dk/standard/nato-stanag5516ed4.html | Protocol | — | Link 22, Link 11 | NATO NSO | Binary J-series over TDMA | Active (Ed 4) | — | 2008 | Near-real-time tactical picture (J0–J13) |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Link 22 (NILE) | STANAG 5522 | https://standards.globalspec.com/std/14468726/stanag-5522 | Protocol | — | Link 16, Link 11 | NATO NSO (NILE) | Binary msgs over HF/UHF TDMA | Active | — | 2006 | Secure HF/UHF TDL, Link 11 replacement |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Variable Message Format | VMF / MIL-STD-6017 | https://everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD-3000-9999/MIL-STD-6017A_NOTICE-1_24274/ | Messaging Standard | — | Link 16 | US DoD | Bit-oriented binary (K-series) | Active (6017E) | — | — | Bandwidth-efficient variable-length TDL msgs |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Message Text Formatting Catalogue | ADatP-3 / APP-11 | https://nisp.nw3.dk/standard/nato-adatp-03-bl11-current.html | Messaging Standard | STANAG 5500 | USMTF | NATO NSO (DPC CaP1) | Char MTF + XML | Active (Baseline-11) | — | 2015 | NATO formatted-message catalogue (400+ msgs); strong import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Joint C3 Information Exchange Data Model | JC3IEDM | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC3IEDM | Information Model | C2IEDM | NIEM-MilOps | MIP; NATO STANAG 5525 | Entity/attribute data model | Ratified | — | 2007/2012 | Shared multinational C2 data model; strongest import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | NATO Vector Graphics | NVG | https://nisp.nw3.dk/standard/nato-tide-nvg20.html | Information Model | — | MSDL | NATO NCIA / ACT (ADatP-4733) | XML/JSON | v2.0.2 active | — | 2015 | Encodes map overlays / military symbology; import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Link 11 / TADIL-A | STANAG 5511 | https://nisp.nw3.dk/standard/nato-stanag5511ed7.html | Protocol | — | Link 16, Link 22 | NATO NSO | Binary M-series over HF/UHF | Active (legacy, Ed 7) | — | 2006 | Legacy netted maritime/air TDL; Link 22 predecessor |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | C2 to Simulation Interoperability | C2SIM | https://www.sisostandards.org/ | Information Model | — | MSDL, C-BML | SISO (also a NATO STANAG) | OWL ontology + XSD | Active (STD-019-2020) | http://www.sisostds.org/ontologies/C2SIM# | 2020 | C2↔sim init/tasking/reporting; import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Military Scenario Definition Language | MSDL | https://www.sisostandards.org/ | Information Model | — | C2SIM | SISO | XML Schema | Active (legacy) | — | 2008 | XML language for military scenario definition; import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Distributed Interactive Simulation | DIS | https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1278.1/4949/ | Protocol | — | HLA | IEEE (via SISO) | Binary PDUs (UDP) | Active (1278.1-2012) | — | 2012 | Real-time platform-level wargaming PDUs |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | High Level Architecture | HLA | https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1516/3744/ | Protocol | — | DIS | IEEE (SISO HLA-Evolved) | API + OMT (XML FOM/SOM) | Active (1516-2010) | — | 2010 | Distributed-sim framework; OMT is meta-template |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | DoD Discovery Metadata Specification | DDMS | https://www.dni.gov/index.php/who-we-are/organizations/ic-cio/ic-technical-specifications/dod-discovery-metadata | Information Model | — | NIEM-MilOps | US DoD / IC CIO | XML Schema | Active (v5.0) | urn:us:mil:ces:metadata:ddms:4 | 2013 | Resource-discovery metadata for DoD/IC; import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | NIEM Military Operations Domain | NIEM-MilOps | https://niemopen.org/community/milops/ | Information Model | NIEM Core | JC3IEDM, DDMS | NIEM Open (OASIS); DoD CIO | XML (+JSON-LD) | Active | mo: | 2016 | Military-ops data components for DoD↔partner exchange; import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Common Alerting Protocol | CAP | https://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2-os.html | Messaging Standard | — | EDXL | OASIS (Emergency Mgmt TC) | XML | Active (v1.2; ITU-T X.1303) | urn:oasis:names:tc:emergency:cap:1.2 | 2010 | All-hazard emergency alert/warning format; strongest import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | Emergency Data Exchange Language | EDXL | https://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/edxl-de/v2.0/edxl-de-v2.0.html | Messaging Standard | — | CAP | OASIS (Emergency Mgmt TC) | XML (suite) | Active | urn:oasis:names:tc:emergency:EDXL:DE:2.0 | 2013 | Routing/wrapper + suite (HAVE, RM, SitRep); import candidate |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | NATO Digital Motion Imagery Standard | STANAG 4609 | https://gwg.nga.mil/misb/docs/nato_docs/STANAG_4609_Ed3.pdf | Protocol | MISP | MISB KLV | NATO NSO (aligned MISB) | MPEG-2 TS + H.264/265 + KLV | Active (Ed 5) | — | 2020 | FMV / motion-imagery transport |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | MISB KLV Metadata (ST 0601) | MISB KLV | https://gwg.nga.mil/misb/ | Messaging Standard | SMPTE ST 336 | STANAG 4609 | MISB (NGA/GWG) | Binary KLV local set | Active | — | — | Platform/sensor metadata in ISR imagery streams |
| Defense, Intelligence & Emergency | National Imagery Transmission Format | NITF (NITFS) | https://gwg.nga.mil/ntb/baseline/docs/2500c/index.html | Protocol | ISO BIIF | STANAG 4609 | US DoD / NGA (NITFS Board) | Binary file/container | Active (MIL-STD-2500C) | — | 2006 | Imagery+metadata packaging/dissemination |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | ARTS Operational Data Model | ARTS ODM | https://www.omg.org/retail/ | Metamodel | — | GS1, Conexxus NAXML | NRF ARTS / OMG Retail DTF | ERD / SQL | Stable (legacy) | — | 2000s | Retail enterprise data model; foundation for POSLog & IXRetail; import candidate |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | ARTS POSLog | POSLog | https://www.omg.org/retail/schema.htm | Exchange Format | ARTS ODM | NAXML, UnifiedPOS | NRF ARTS / OMG | XML Schema | Stable (v6.0) | — | 2018 | De-facto POS transaction log format; strong import candidate |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | IXRetail (ARTS XML) | IXRetail | https://www.omg.org/retail/ | Schema Language | ARTS ODM | POSLog | NRF ARTS / OMG | XML Schema | Stable (legacy) | — | 2000s | XML message sets for in-store integration |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | ARTS XML Digital Receipt | ARTS DR | https://www.omg.org/spec/DRAPI/1.0/ | Exchange Format | POSLog | GS1 Digital Receipt | NRF ARTS / OMG | XML Schema + API | Stable (v1.0) | — | 2012 | Basis for national e-receipt extensions; import candidate |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | UnifiedPOS | UPOS | https://www.omg.org/spec/UPOS/ | Framework | — | OPOS, JavaPOS | OMG (Retail DTF) | Spec (UML/IDL) | Stable (v1.15) | urn:omg:spec:UPOS | 2021 | OS/language-neutral POS peripheral architecture |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | OPOS | OPOS | https://www.omg.org/spec/UPOS/ | Framework | UnifiedPOS | JavaPOS | OMG / NRF | COM/ActiveX | Stable | — | 1996 | UPOS-conformant COM mapping (Windows) |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | JavaPOS | JavaPOS | https://www.omg.org/spec/UPOS/ | Framework | UnifiedPOS | OPOS | OMG / NRF | Java API | Stable | — | 1999 | UPOS-conformant OS-neutral Java mapping |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | POS for .NET | POS for .NET | https://www.omg.org/spec/UPOS/ | Framework | UnifiedPOS | OPOS, JavaPOS | OMG / Microsoft | .NET API | Stable | — | 2004 | UPOS-conformant .NET mapping |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | Conexxus NAXML | NAXML | https://www.conexxus.org/public-standards | Exchange Format | PCATS | ARTS POSLog | Conexxus (ex-PCATS/NACS) | XML Schema | Stable | — | 2000s | Convenience-store & fuel retail integration; import candidate |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | PCATS (legacy umbrella) | PCATS | https://www.conexxus.org/our-work-standards-overview | Framework | — | NAXML | Conexxus | — | Superseded (renamed Conexxus) | — | 2002 | Petroleum Convenience Alliance for Technology Standards; now Conexxus |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | Conexxus Retail Financial Transactions | RFT | https://www.conexxus.org/abstracts/retail-financial-transactions-rft-standards | Messaging Standard | NAXML | EPS, ISO 8583 | Conexxus | XML | Stable | — | 2010s | Payment device/POS messaging for fuel & convenience |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | HTNG Interface Specifications | HTNG | https://www.isao.org/group/htng/ | Exchange Format | OpenTravel | OTA | HTNG (under AHLA/ISAO) | XML / SOAP | Stable | — | 2002 | Plug-and-play hotel system interfaces on OpenTravel schemas |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | OpenTravel Hospitality Specification | OTA-Hospitality | https://opentravel.org/ | Exchange Format | — | HTNG | OpenTravel Alliance | XML Schema | Stable | — | 1999 | Hospitality message schemas underpinning HTNG |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | Open Food Facts | OFF | https://openfoodfacts.github.io/openfoodfacts-server/api/ | API Description | — | GS1 GDSN | Open Food Facts (non-profit) | JSON / REST (v3) | Active (v3.x) | — | 2012 | Crowd-sourced food product database; import candidate |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | GDST Standard | GDST | https://thegdst.org/resources/standard/ | Exchange Format | EPCIS | GDSN | Global Dialogue on Seafood Traceability | Data spec + API | Stable (v1.2) | https://developer.thegdst.org/ | 2020 | Interoperable seafood supply-chain traceability; import candidate |
| Retail, Point-of-Sale & Hospitality | ONVIF Profiles | ONVIF | https://www.onvif.org/profiles/specifications/ | Protocol | — | PSIA | ONVIF | SOAP/WSDL, REST | Stable | http://www.onvif.org/ver10/ | 2008 | Retail/loss-prevention camera interoperability |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS | https://www.efrag.org/en/sustainability-reporting | Framework | CSRD | IFRS S1/S2, GRI | EFRAG (for EU Commission) | Standard + XBRL taxonomy | In force (Set 1) | — | 2023 | Double-materiality; ESRS XBRL → ESEF; import candidate (datapoint dictionary) |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | ESRS XBRL Taxonomy | ESRS Taxonomy | https://www.efrag.org/en/projects/esrs-xbrl-taxonomy/concluded | Schema Language | ESRS | ESEF, GRI taxonomy | EFRAG / ESMA | XBRL | Concluded set 1 | — | 2024 | Machine-readable ESRS datapoints; strong import candidate |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | IFRS S1 General Requirements | IFRS S1 | https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/ifrs-sustainability-standards-navigator/ifrs-s1-general-requirements/ | Framework | ISSB | ESRS, SASB | ISSB / IFRS Foundation | Standard + XBRL taxonomy | In force | — | 2023 | Global baseline; investor-focused |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures | IFRS S2 | https://www.ifrs.org/ | Framework | ISSB | TCFD, ESRS E1 | ISSB / IFRS Foundation | Standard + XBRL taxonomy | In force | — | 2023 | Fully incorporates TCFD recommendations |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | TCFD Recommendations | TCFD | https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/ | Framework | FSB | IFRS S2, TNFD | FSB (disbanded 2023; → ISSB) | Framework (PDF) | Superseded by ISSB | — | 2017 | Four-pillar model; now consolidated into IFRS S2 |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | TNFD Recommendations | TNFD | https://tnfd.global/publication/recommendations-of-the-taskforce-on-nature-related-financial-disclosures/ | Framework | TCFD model | TCFD, ESRS E4 | TNFD | Framework (PDF) | Final v1.0 | — | 2023 | Nature analogue of TCFD; 14 recommended disclosures |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | GRI Standards | GRI | https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/ | Framework | — | ESRS, SASB | GSSB / Global Reporting Initiative | Standards + XBRL taxonomy | In force | — | 2021 | Universal + Sector + Topic standards; import candidate |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | SASB Standards | SASB | https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/sasb-standards/ | Framework | ISSB | GRI, IFRS S1 | ISSB / IFRS Foundation | Standards | Maintained | — | 2018 | 77 industry standards; now under ISSB stewardship |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | CDP Disclosure System | CDP | https://www.cdp.net/ | Framework | — | ESRS, IFRS S2 | CDP (non-profit) | Questionnaire / platform | Active | — | 2000 | Climate/water/forests disclosure; aligned with ISSB |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | EU Taxonomy | EU Taxonomy | https://finance.ec.europa.eu/sustainable-finance/tools-and-standards/eu-taxonomy-sustainable-activities_en | Framework | EU Reg 2020/852 | — | European Commission | Regulation + Delegated Acts | In force | — | 2020 | Defines environmentally sustainable economic activities |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | SFDR | SFDR | https://finance.ec.europa.eu/sustainable-finance/disclosures/sustainability-related-disclosure-financial-services-sector_en | Framework | EU Reg 2019/2088 | EU Taxonomy | European Commission / ESAs | Regulation + RTS | In force | — | 2019 | Disclosure for financial market participants |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | European Single Electronic Format | ESEF | https://www.esma.europa.eu/issuer-disclosure/electronic-reporting | Schema Language | iXBRL | ESRS taxonomy | ESMA | Inline XBRL (RTS) | In force | — | 2020 | Mandatory iXBRL for EU-listed annual reports |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | PCAF Global GHG Accounting Standard | PCAF | https://carbonaccountingfinancials.com/ | Framework | GHG Protocol Scope 3 | SBTi | PCAF | Standard (PDF) | In force | — | 2020 | Methodology for financed/facilitated emissions |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | Science Based Targets initiative | SBTi | https://sciencebasedtargets.org/ | Framework | GHG Protocol | PCAF | SBTi | Criteria + tools | Active | — | 2015 | Net-zero & near-term target validation |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | ISO 14068-1 Carbon Neutrality | ISO 14068-1 | https://www.iso.org/standard/43279.html | Framework | ISO 14060 family | PAS 2060 | ISO/TC 207 | Standard | Published | — | 2023 | Transition to net zero; supersedes PAS 2060 |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | ISO 14001 Environmental Mgmt Systems | ISO 14001 | https://www.iso.org/standard/60857.html | Framework | ISO 14000 family | EMAS | ISO/TC 207 | Standard | In force | — | 2015 | Foundational EMS standard |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | ISO 14025 Type III EPD | ISO 14025 | https://www.iso.org/standard/38131.html | Framework | ISO 14020 family | EN 15804 | ISO/TC 207 | Standard | In force | — | 2006 | Defines Type III EPDs; basis for International EPD System |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | Construction EPD core rules | EN 15804 | https://www.cencenelec.eu/ | Schema Language | ISO 14025 | ISO 21930 | CEN/TC 350 | Standard | In force (A2:2019) | — | 2012 | Core PCR for construction-product EPDs; import candidate |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | ecoinvent Database | ecoinvent | https://ecoinvent.org/ | Code List | ILCD | GaBi/Sphera | ecoinvent Association | ILCD / EcoSpold | Active (v3.x) | — | 2003 | Reference LCI dataset library |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | ILCD Data Format | ILCD | https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ | Exchange Format | — | EcoSpold | EC Joint Research Centre (JRC) | XML | Stable | — | 2010 | International Reference Life Cycle Data System format; import candidate |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | Open Footprint Standard | OFP | https://pubs.opengroup.org/open-footprint/data-model/snapshot1/ | Information Model | — | ESRS, GHG Protocol | The Open Group Open Footprint Forum | Data model + API | Edition 1.0 | https://pubs.opengroup.org/open-footprint/ | 2024 | Vendor-neutral GHG data model/API; strong import candidate |
| ESG, Sustainability & Climate Reporting | UN SDG Global Indicator Framework | SDG Indicators | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/ | Framework | A/RES/71/313 | — | UN Statistics Division (IAEG-SDGs) | List + SDMX DSD | In force | — | 2017 | 234 global indicators for the 2030 Agenda; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Cross Industry Invoice | CII | https://unece.org/trade/uncefact/xml-schemas | Exchange Format | UN/CEFACT SCRDM | UBL | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | XML (D16B) | In force | urn:un:unece:uncefact:data:standard:CrossIndustryInvoice:100 | 2016 | EN 16931 reference syntax; XML inside Factur-X/ZUGFeRD; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Factur-X / ZUGFeRD | Factur-X | https://fnfe-mpe.org/factur-x/ | Exchange Format | EN 16931; CII | FatturaPA, PINT | FNFE-MPE (FR) + FeRD (DE) | PDF/A-3 + CII XML | In force (1.08 / 2.4) | — | 2025 | Hybrid PDF embedding CII; French reform carrier; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | FatturaPA | FatturaPA | https://www.fatturapa.gov.it/ | Exchange Format | EN 16931 | CFDI, DTE | Agenzia delle Entrate (IT) | XML (XSD) | Mandatory (v1.2.2) | http://ivaservizi.agenziaentrate.gov.it/docs/xsd/fatture/v1.2 | 2025 | Routed via SdI; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | GST e-Invoice schema | INV-01 | https://einvoice1.gst.gov.in/ | Schema Language | — | CFDI, NF-e | GSTN / NIC (India) | JSON Schema | Mandatory (v1.1) | — | 2020 | IRP returns signed JSON + IRN + QR |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Comprobante Fiscal Digital por Internet | CFDI | http://omawww.sat.gob.mx/factura/ | Exchange Format | Anexo 20 | NF-e, DTE | SAT (Mexico) | XML (XSD) | Mandatory (v4.0) | http://www.sat.gob.mx/cfd/4 | 2022 | Sole valid version since 2023; timbrado by PAC; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Nota Fiscal eletronica | NF-e | https://www.nfe.fazenda.gov.br/portal/ | Exchange Format | MOC | CFDI, DTE | Receita Federal / SEFAZ (BR) | XML (signed) | Mandatory (v4.00) | http://www.portalfiscal.inf.br/nfe | 2018 | Authorized by issuer-state SEFAZ; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Documentos Tributarios Electronicos | DTE | https://www.sii.cl/factura_electronica/tecnica.htm | Exchange Format | — | CFDI, NF-e | SII (Chile) | XML (XSD v10) | In force | http://www.sii.cl/SiiDte | 2014 | Four-file XSD set; SII-signed/authorized |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Peppol International Invoice | PINT | https://docs.peppol.eu/poac/pint/pint/ | Exchange Format | UBL 2.1; EN 16931 | Factur-X, FatturaPA | OpenPeppol AISBL | UBL XML | Active (v1.1.1) | — | 2025 | Global base model with jurisdiction CIUS profiles; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Krajowy System e-Faktur FA(3) | KSeF / FA(3) | https://ksef.podatki.gov.pl/informacje-ogolne-ksef-20/struktura-logiczna-fa-3/ | Exchange Format | — | FatturaPA | Ministerstwo Finansow (PL) | XML (XSD) | Mandatory 2026 | http://crd.gov.pl/wzor/2025/06/25/13775/ | 2025 | FA(3) adds structured attachments; KSeF 2.0 rollout |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | French e-invoicing / e-reporting reform | facturation electronique | https://www.impots.gouv.fr/professionnel/je-passe-la-facturation-electronique | Framework | EN 16931 | ViDA, KSeF | DGFiP / AIFE (FR) | Factur-X / UBL / CII | Phased 2026-2027 | — | 2026 | B2B e-invoicing + e-reporting via plateformes agreees |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Making Tax Digital | MTD | https://developer.service.hmrc.gov.uk | Framework | — | ViDA | HMRC (UK) | REST API | In force | — | 2019 | Reporting regime, not an invoice schema; API-connected software |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | VAT in the Digital Age | ViDA | https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-digital-age-vida_en | Framework | EN 16931 (DRR) | MTD, French reform | European Commission (DG TAXUD) | Directive/Regulation | Adopted 2025 | — | 2025 | Cross-border DRR from 2030; mandates EN 16931 structured e-invoicing |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Standard Audit File for Tax | SAF-T | https://www.oecd.org/tax/forum-on-tax-administration/ | Exchange Format | — | ISO 21378, ADC | OECD (FTA) | XML (Schema v2.00) | Guidance v2.0 | — | 2010 | Accounting data to tax authority; national variants; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Common Reporting Standard XML Schema | CRS XML | https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/amended-common-reporting-standard-xml-schema_dd7ee57a-en.html | Exchange Format | OECD TIES | FATCA, CbC | OECD | XML (XSD) | Schema v3.0 | urn:oecd:ties:crs:v3 | 2024 | CRS 2.0 amendments; AEOI; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | FATCA XML Schema | FATCA XML | https://www.irs.gov/businesses/corporations/fatca-xml-schemas-and-business-rules-for-form-8966 | Exchange Format | OECD TIES | CRS, CbC | US IRS | XML (XSD) | v2.0 | urn:oecd:ties:fatca:v2 | 2017 | Form 8966; reuses OECD TIES types; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Country-by-Country Reporting XML | CbC XML | https://www.oecd.org/tax/country-by-country-reporting-xml-schema-user-guide-for-tax-administrations.htm | Exchange Format | OECD TIES | CRS, FATCA | OECD | XML (XSD) | Schema v2.0 | urn:oecd:ties:cbc:v2 | 2019 | BEPS Action 13; import candidate |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Mandatory Disclosure Rules / DAC6 XML | MDR / DAC6 | https://www.oecd.org/ctp/exchange-of-tax-information/ | Exchange Format | OECD TIES | CRS, CbC | OECD + EC DG TAXUD | XML (XSD) | Current | urn:oecd:ties:mdr:v1 | 2019 | OECD MDR and EU DAC6 related but distinct |
| Tax, e-Invoicing & Audit | Audit Data Collection | ISO 21378 / ADC | https://www.iso.org/standard/70823.html | Metamodel | — | SAF-T | ISO (TC 295) | International Standard | Published | — | 2019 | Common GL/AR/AP/inventory/PP&E data across ERPs; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Generic Statistical Information Model | GSIM | https://unece.github.io/GSIM-2.0/ | Metamodel | — | DDI-CDI, SDMX IM | UNECE (HLG-MOS) | Conceptual model (UML) | Current (v2.0) | — | 2023 | "What" of statistical info; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Generic Statistical Business Process Model | GSBPM | https://statswiki.unece.org/display/GSBPM/GSBPM+v5.1 | Framework | — | GAMSO, CSPA | UNECE (HLG-MOS) | Process model | Current (v5.1) | — | 2019 | "How" of statistical production; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Generic Activity Model for Statistical Orgs | GAMSO | https://statswiki.unece.org/spaces/GAMSO/pages/247302205/GAMSO+v1.2 | Framework | GSBPM | GSBPM, CSPA | UNECE (HLG-MOS) | Activity model | Current (v1.2) | — | 2019 | What statistical orgs do; extends GSBPM with support activities |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Common Statistical Production Architecture | CSPA | https://statswiki.unece.org/spaces/CSPA/pages/247302714/CSPA+v2.0 | Framework | GSIM/GSBPM | GAMSO | UNECE (HLG-MOS) | Reference architecture | Current (v2.0) | — | 2021 | Service-oriented statistical production |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | DDI Cross Domain Integration | DDI-CDI | https://ddialliance.org/ddi-cdi | Metamodel | DDI; ISO/PAS 25955 | GSIM, SDMX IM | DDI Alliance | UML/XMI + XSD + JSON-LD + RDF | Published (v1.0) | — | 2025 | Data + process model across any domain; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Validation and Transformation Language | VTL | https://sdmx.org/validation-and-transformation-language-vtl/ | Schema Language | — | SDMX, DDI rules | SDMX (VTL TF) | Formal language (EBNF) | Current (v2.1) | — | 2024 | Model-agnostic rule language; aligned with GSIM/SDMX/DDI; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Triple-S Survey Interchange Standard | Triple-S | https://triple-s.org/ | Exchange Format | — | Blaise, DDI | Triple-S Group (ASC) | XML | Published (v2.0/3.0) | — | 2009 | Interchange of survey data + variable metadata; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Blaise | Blaise | https://www.blaise.com/ | Framework | — | Triple-S | Statistics Netherlands (CBS) | Proprietary data-model language | Active (Blaise 5) | — | 1980s | CAI + survey-processing system |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Neuchatel Terminology Model | NTM | https://statswiki.unece.org/ | Metamodel | — | GSIM, SDMX | Neuchatel Group | Conceptual model (PDF) | Published (v2.1) | — | 2004 | Object model for classification databases/code lists; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Intl Standard Industrial Classification | ISIC | https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/isic | Code List | — | NACE, NAICS | UN Statistics Division | Reference classification | Current (Rev.5) | — | 2023 | 463 four-digit classes in Rev.5; parent of NACE; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Statistical Classification of Economic Activities (EU) | NACE | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nace | Code List | ISIC | ISIC | Eurostat | Reference classification | Current (Rev.2.1) | — | 2025 | EU implementation of ISIC; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Central Product Classification | CPC | https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/cpc | Code List | — | HS, CN | UN Statistics Division | Reference classification | Current (v2.1) | — | — | Goods + services; 5-digit subclasses; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Harmonized System | HS | https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.aspx | Code List | — | CN, CPC | World Customs Organization | Nomenclature (XML/CSV) | Current (HS 2022) | — | 2022 | 6-digit codes; basis of CN/SITC; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose | COICOP | https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/coicop | Code List | — | CPC | UN Statistics Division | Reference classification | Current (2018) | — | 2018 | Household consumption expenditure; used in CPI |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics | NUTS | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts | Code List | — | LAU | Eurostat | Reference classification | Current (NUTS 2024) | — | 2024 | 3-level EU regional hierarchy; import candidate |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Combined Nomenclature | CN | https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/tariff-classification-goods/combined-nomenclature_en | Code List | HS | HS, TARIC | European Commission (DG TAXUD) | Nomenclature | Current (CN 2025) | — | 2025 | 8-digit EU extension of HS |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Standard International Trade Classification | SITC | https://unstats.un.org/unsd/trade/sitcrev4.htm | Code List | HS | HS, CN | UN Statistics Division | Reference classification | Current (Rev.4) | — | 2006 | Analytical trade-statistics classification linked to HS |
| Survey, Statistics & Official Data | Intl Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes | ICCS | https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/iccs.html | Code List | — | — | UNODC | Reference classification | Current (v1.0) | — | 2015 | Classifies criminal offences across justice process |
| Weather & Earth Observation | GRIB Edition 2 | GRIB2 | https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/35625 | Exchange Format | WMO Manual on Codes | BUFR, NetCDF/CF | WMO | Binary (table-driven) | Operational | https://codes.wmo.int/wmdr/DataFormat/FM-92-grib | 2003 | De-facto NWP grid exchange; code tables import candidate |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Binary Universal Form for Representation | BUFR | https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/35625 | Exchange Format | WMO Manual on Codes | CREX, GRIB2 | WMO | Binary (table-driven) | Operational | https://codes.wmo.int/wmdr/DataFormat/FM-94-bufr | 1988 | Self-describing observational data; import candidate |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Character Form for Representation | CREX | https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/35625 | Exchange Format | WMO Manual on Codes | BUFR | WMO | ASCII (table-driven) | Operational | — | 1990s | Character-based analogue of BUFR for low-volume exchange |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Aerodrome Routine Meteorological Report | METAR/SPECI | https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/35713 | Code List | WMO Manual on Codes | TAF, SYNOP | WMO / ICAO | ASCII text code | Operational | — | 1968 | Hourly aerodrome observations; ICAO Annex 3 aligned |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Terminal Aerodrome Forecast | TAF | https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/35713 | Code List | WMO Manual on Codes | METAR | WMO / ICAO | ASCII text code | Operational | — | 1968 | Aerodrome forecasts; same code lineage as METAR |
| Weather & Earth Observation | WMO Information System 2.0 | WIS 2.0 | https://community.wmo.int/en/activity-areas/wis/wis2-implementation | Framework | WMO Tech Regs | — | WMO | MQTT + JSON | Operational | https://schemas.wmo.int/wnm/ | 2023 | Pub/sub real-time data exchange replacing GTS |
| Weather & Earth Observation | WIGOS Metadata Standard | WMDS / WMDR | https://github.com/wmo-im/wmds | Metadata Standard | WMO Tech Regs | ISO 19115, SensorML | WMO | UML / XML + code tables | Operational | https://codes.wmo.int/wmdr | 2019 | Describes observing systems/stations; import candidate |
| Weather & Earth Observation | WMO Core Metadata Profile 2 | WCMP2 | https://wmo-im.github.io/wcmp2/standard/wcmp2-STABLE.html | Metadata Standard | OGC API - Records | STAC, ISO 19115 | WMO | JSON / GeoJSON | Stable | https://wmo.int/spec/wcmp/2/ | 2024 | WIS2 Global Discovery Catalogue metadata |
| Weather & Earth Observation | SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog | STAC | https://github.com/radiantearth/stac-spec | Application Profile | OGC API - Features | WCMP2, CMR/UMM | Radiant Earth Foundation (OGC CS) | JSON | v1.1.0 stable | https://stacspec.org/ | 2024 | Dominant EO asset catalog; import candidate |
| Weather & Earth Observation | STAC API | STAC API | https://github.com/radiantearth/stac-api-spec | API Description | OGC API - Features | OGC API EDR | Radiant Earth Foundation (OGC CS) | OpenAPI / JSON | v1.0 stable | https://api.stacspec.org/ | 2024 | Query layer over STAC |
| Weather & Earth Observation | OGC API - Environmental Data Retrieval | OGC API - EDR | https://docs.ogc.org/is/19-086r6/19-086r6.html | API Description | OGC API family | WaterML, OPeNDAP | OGC | OpenAPI / JSON | v1.1 (2023) | http://www.opengis.net/spec/ogcapi-edr-1/1.1 | 2021 | Spatio-temporal subsetting for env data |
| Weather & Earth Observation | EO Application Package Best Practice | EOAP | https://docs.ogc.org/bp/20-089r1.html | Framework | OGC API - Processes; CWL | — | OGC | CWL + container | Best Practice | http://www.opengis.net/doc/bp/eoap/1.0 | 2021 | Portable EO algorithm packaging |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Data Access Protocol 4 | DAP4 (OPeNDAP) | https://opendap.github.io/dap4-specification/DAP4.html | Protocol | DAP2 | OGC API EDR | OPeNDAP, Inc. | HTTP + binary/XML | Specification | — | 2016 | Remote subsetting of scientific arrays |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Hierarchical Data Format 5 | HDF5 | https://docs.hdfgroup.org/hdf5/ | Serialization Format | — | NetCDF4, Zarr | The HDF Group | Binary container | Stable | — | 1998 | Underpins NetCDF4, NeXus, HDF-EOS |
| Weather & Earth Observation | HDF-EOS5 | HDF-EOS | https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/tools/hdf-eos | Serialization Format | HDF5 | NetCDF/CF | NASA ESDIS / HDF Group | Binary (HDF5 profile) | Operational | — | 1999 | NASA EOS standard for swath/grid/point data |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF | COG | https://docs.ogc.org/is/21-026/21-026.html | Serialization Format | GeoTIFF | Zarr, GMLJP2 | OGC | Binary (TIFF) | OGC Standard v1.0 | http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/cog/1.0 | 2023 | HTTP-range-optimized raster |
| Weather & Earth Observation | GeoTIFF | GeoTIFF | https://docs.ogc.org/is/19-008r4/19-008r4.html | Serialization Format | TIFF v6 | COG | OGC | Binary (TIFF) | OGC Standard v1.1 | http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GeoTIFF/1.1 | 2019 | Georeferencing keys in TIFF; foundation for COG |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Zarr | Zarr | https://zarr-specs.readthedocs.io/ | Serialization Format | — | HDF5, COG | Zarr Steering Council (OGC CS) | Chunked binary + JSON | v3 spec | https://zarr.dev/ | 2023 | Chunked compressed arrays; import candidate |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Imagery Sensor & Data Models | ISO 19130 | https://www.iso.org/standard/51789.html | Metamodel | ISO 19100 series | SensorML | ISO/TC 211 | Conceptual (UML) | IS (2018) | — | 2018 | Sensor models for georeferencing imagery |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Geographic Metadata | ISO 19115-1 | https://www.iso.org/standard/53798.html | Metadata Standard | ISO 19100 series | WCMP2, CMR/UMM | ISO/TC 211 | Conceptual + XML (19115-3) | IS (2014) | http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-1 | 2014 | Basis of CEOS/INSPIRE EO metadata profiles |
| Weather & Earth Observation | EO Metadata Profile of O&M | OGC 10-157r4 | https://docs.ogc.org/is/10-157r4/10-157r4.html | Metadata Standard | OGC O&M | ISO 19115 | OGC | GML / XML | OGC Standard | http://www.opengis.net/spec/EOMPOM/1.1 | 2016 | EO product metadata; underlies CEOS catalogues |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Unified Metadata Model (CMR) | UMM | https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/about/esdis/eosdis/cmr/umm | Metamodel | — | ISO 19115, STAC | NASA ESDIS | JSON Schema | Operational | — | 2015 | Crosswalk across ECHO/DIF/ISO; UMM-C/G/S/T/Var |
| Weather & Earth Observation | SensorML | SensorML | https://docs.ogc.org/is/23-000/23-000.html | Information Model | OGC SWE | ISO 19130, WMDS | OGC | XML / JSON | OGC Standard v3.0 | http://www.opengis.net/sensorml/3.0 | 2024 | Describes sensors and measurement processes; import candidate |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Ecological Metadata Language | EML | https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/ | Metadata Standard | — | ISA-Tab, ISO 19115 | NCEAS / ESA | XML | v2.2 | https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/ | 2019 | Dominant ecology/biodiversity (DataONE) metadata |
| Weather & Earth Observation | GML in JPEG 2000 | GMLJP2 | https://docs.ogc.org/is/08-085r8/08-085r8.html | Serialization Format | GML; ISO 15444 | COG, Zarr | OGC | JPEG2000 + GML/XML | OGC Standard v2.1 | http://www.opengis.net/spec/GMLJP2/2.1 | 2018 | Embeds GML coverage metadata inside JP2 |
| Weather & Earth Observation | WaterML 2.0 Part 1 (Timeseries) | WaterML2 | https://docs.ogc.org/is/10-126r4/10-126r4.html | Information Model | GML 3.2.1; O&M | TimeseriesML, GWML2 | OGC | GML / XML | OGC Standard | http://www.opengis.net/waterml/2.0 | 2014 | Hydrologic observation timeseries exchange |
| Weather & Earth Observation | GroundWaterML 2 | GWML2 | https://docs.ogc.org/is/19-013/19-013.html | Information Model | GML 3.2.1; GeoSciML | WaterML2 | OGC | GML / XML | OGC Standard v2.2 | http://www.opengis.net/gwml/2.2 | 2021 | Groundwater features; uses TimeseriesML |
| Weather & Earth Observation | TimeseriesML | TimeseriesML | https://docs.ogc.org/is/15-043r3/15-043r3.html | Information Model | GML 3.2.1; O&M | WaterML2 | OGC | GML / XML | OGC Standard v1.2 | http://www.opengis.net/tsml/1.0 | 2016 | Domain-neutral timeseries generalized from WaterML2 |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | International Chemical Identifier | InChI | https://www.inchi-trust.org/technical-documentation/ | Identifier Scheme | — | SMILES, CAS RN | IUPAC / InChI Trust | ASCII string (layered) | v1.06 | InChI= | 2005 | Canonical non-proprietary structure identifier; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System | SMILES | http://opensmiles.org/opensmiles.html | Schema Language | — | InChI | Daylight / OpenSMILES | ASCII string | OpenSMILES spec | — | 1988 | Compact structure line notation |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Chemical Markup Language | CML | https://www.xml-cml.org/ | Schema Language | XML | MDL MOL, AnIML | Murray-Rust / Blue Obelisk | XML schema | Stable | http://www.xml-cml.org/schema | 1995 | First XML chemistry vocabulary; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | MDL Molfile / SDfile | MOL / SDF | https://discover.3ds.com/ctfile-documentation-request-form | Exchange Format | — | CML, RXN | Dassault Systemes BIOVIA | ASCII (CTfile) | De-facto (V2000/V3000) | — | 1980s | Ubiquitous atom/bond connection table |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | MDL Reaction file | RXN / RDfile | https://discover.3ds.com/ctfile-documentation-request-form | Exchange Format | MDL MOL | MOL/SDF | Dassault Systemes BIOVIA | ASCII (CTfile) | De-facto | — | 1980s | Reaction (reactant/product Molfiles) |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | PDBx/mmCIF | mmCIF | https://mmcif.wwpdb.org/ | Exchange Format | IUCr CIF (DDL2) | CIF, NeXus | wwPDB / RCSB | CIF (text) | Master format | — | 1997 | Mandatory PDB deposition format; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Crystallographic Information Framework | CIF | https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif | Exchange Format | — | mmCIF, NeXus | IUCr | CIF (text) | CIF2 | — | 1991 | Small-molecule crystallography exchange; DDLm dictionaries |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Open Databases Integration for Materials Design | OPTIMADE | https://www.optimade.org/specification | API Description | JSON:API | STAC API | Materials-Consortia | REST / JSON:API | v1.2 | https://schemas.optimade.org/ | 2020 | Federated query across 25+ materials databases; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Materials Markup Language | MatML | https://www.matml.org/ | Schema Language | XML | CML | ASTM E49 / NIST | XML schema | v3.1 | http://www.matml.org/ | 2001 | Materials property data exchange schema |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | NeXus | NeXus | https://manual.nexusformat.org/ | Serialization Format | HDF5 | HDF-EOS, AnIML | NeXus International Advisory Committee | HDF5 (application defs) | Stable | https://www.nexusformat.org/ | 1994 | Beamline data container; application definitions per technique |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Analytical Information Markup Language | AnIML | https://www.animl.org/ | Schema Language | XML | CML, JCAMP-DX | ASTM E13.15 | XML schema | ASTM standard | http://www.animl.org/ | 2021 | Vendor-neutral analytical instrument data; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Standardization in Lab Automation 2 | SiLA 2 | https://sila-standard.com/standards/ | API Description | gRPC / Protobuf | OPC-UA | SiLA Consortium | gRPC + FDL (XML) | v1.1 | https://sila-standard.com/ | 2019 | Open device-communication API for lab automation |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Allotrope Data Format + Foundation Ontology | ADF / AFO | https://docs.allotrope.org/ | Ontology | HDF5 (ADF); BFO (AFO) | AnIML, ThermoML | Allotrope Foundation | HDF5 + RDF/OWL | Member release | http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/ | 2016 | ADF container classified by AFO ontology; AFO import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Synthetic Biology Open Language | SBOL | https://sbolstandard.org/ | Ontology | RDF | SBML | SBOL Developers / COMBINE | RDF/XML | v3.1 | https://sbolstandard.org/ | 2011 | Genetic-design exchange; ontology-backed RDF; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | JCAMP-DX | JCAMP-DX | https://iupac.org/what-we-do/digital-standards/jcamp-dx/ | Exchange Format | — | AnIML, NeXus | IUPAC | ASCII (labelled) | v6.0 | — | 1988 | Spectral data exchange (IR/NMR/MS) |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | ThermoML | ThermoML | https://iupac.org/what-we-do/digital-standards/thermoml/ | Schema Language | XML | MatML | IUPAC / NIST TRC | XML schema | IUPAC Standard | — | 2006 | XML for thermodynamic/transport property data; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | PubChem Data Schema | PubChem | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/docs/data-organization | Knowledge Graph | — | OPTIMADE | NCBI / NIH | RDF / JSON / ASN.1 | Operational | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/ | 2004 | CID/SID identifiers + PUG REST/RDF |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | CAS Registry Number | CAS RN | https://www.cas.org/cas-data/cas-registry | Identifier Scheme | — | InChI, UNII | CAS (American Chemical Society) | Numeric ID | Operational | — | 1965 | Authoritative substance registry; licensing-restricted |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Unique Ingredient Identifier | UNII | https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch | Identifier Scheme | — | CAS RN, InChI | FDA / USP (SRS) | 10-char alphanumeric ID | Operational | — | 2000s | Structure/description-based substance ID for regulated products |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | Investigation/Study/Assay framework | ISA-Tab / ISA-JSON | https://isa-specs.readthedocs.io/ | Metadata Standard | ISA Abstract Model | EML, SBOL | ISA Community / OSCR | TSV / JSON | v1.0 | https://isa-tools.org/ | 2010 | Life-science experiment metadata; import candidate |
| Chemistry, Materials & Laboratory | (Q)SAR Model Reporting Format | QMRF | https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/risk-assessment/ | Documentation Standard | OECD QSAR principles | — | OECD / JRC / ECHA | XML | v2.1 | — | 2007 | Harmonised QSAR model reporting per OECD validation principles |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | FASTA | FASTA | https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/doc/blast-topics/ | Exchange Format | — | FASTQ, GenBank | De facto (Pearson & Lipman) | Plain text | De facto | — | 1985 | Header + raw sequence; base format others build on; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | FASTQ | FASTQ | https://maq.sourceforge.net/fastq.shtml | Exchange Format | FASTA | SAM/BAM | De facto (Sanger Institute) | Plain text | De facto | — | 2010 | Sequence + per-base Phred quality; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Sequence Alignment/Map | SAM/BAM/CRAM | https://github.com/samtools/hts-specs | Exchange Format | GA4GH | VCF/BCF | GA4GH / hts-specs community | SAM text; BAM/CRAM binary | Current (CRAM v3) | — | 2009 | Read alignment storage; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Variant Call Format | VCF/BCF | https://github.com/samtools/hts-specs | Exchange Format | GA4GH | MAF | GA4GH / hts-specs community | VCF text; BCF binary | Current (v4.5) | — | 2011 | Sequence variants (SNV/indel/SV); import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Generic Feature Format v3 | GFF3 | https://github.com/The-Sequence-Ontology/Specifications/blob/master/gff3.md | Exchange Format | — | GTF, BED | The Sequence Ontology | Tab-delimited text | Current (1.26) | — | 2020 | Hierarchical genome features; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Gene Transfer Format | GTF | http://mblab.wustl.edu/GTF22.html | Exchange Format | GFF2 | GFF3 | Brent Lab (WUSTL); Ensembl | Tab-delimited text | De facto (v2.2) | — | 2000s | Gene-structure annotation |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Browser Extensible Data | BED | https://genome.ucsc.edu/FAQ/FAQformat.html | Exchange Format | — | bigBed, BEDPE | UCSC Genome Browser; GA4GH | Tab-delimited text | Current | — | 2000s | Interval/annotation tracks; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | bigWig / bigBed | bigWig/bigBed | https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/bigWig.html | Serialization Format | BED, wig | — | UCSC Genome Browser | Indexed binary | Current | — | 2010 | Remote range-queryable binaries |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Browser Extensible Data Paired-End | BEDPE | https://bedtools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/content/general-usage.html | Exchange Format | BED | — | bedtools (Quinlan lab) | Tab-delimited text | De facto | — | 2010 | Two genomic endpoints; SVs, paired-end |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | GenBank flat file | GBFF | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/samplerecord/ | Exchange Format | INSDC | EMBL flat file | NCBI | Plain text flat file | Current | — | 1999 | Human-readable annotated nucleotide records |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | EMBL flat file | EMBL | https://ena-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/submit/fileprep/flat-file-example.html | Exchange Format | INSDC | GenBank flat file | EMBL-EBI / ENA | Plain text flat file | Current | — | — | European counterpart to GenBank |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | htsget Retrieval API | htsget | https://samtools.github.io/hts-specs/htsget.html | API Description | GA4GH | DRS, refget | GA4GH | REST/HTTP API | Current (v1.3.0) | — | 2021 | Secure streaming of genomic data over HTTP |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Refget | refget | https://ga4gh.github.io/refget/ | API Description | GA4GH | htsget, DRS | GA4GH | REST API + digest IDs | Active | — | 2024 | Retrieve reference sequences by content checksum |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Data Repository Service | DRS | https://ga4gh.github.io/data-repository-service-schemas/ | API Description | GA4GH | htsget, TRS | GA4GH | OpenAPI REST | Current (v1.6.0) | — | 2024 | Location-agnostic fetch of data objects by ID |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Workflow Execution Service | WES | https://ga4gh.github.io/workflow-execution-service-schemas/ | API Description | GA4GH | TRS, CWL, WDL | GA4GH | OpenAPI REST | Active (v1.1) | — | 2019 | Submit/monitor workflow runs on remote engines |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Tool Registry Service | TRS | https://ga4gh.github.io/tool-registry-service-schemas/ | API Description | GA4GH | WES, DRS | GA4GH | OpenAPI 3 REST | Current (v2.0.0) | — | 2020 | Discover tools/workflows + container images |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | GA4GH Beacon | Beacon v2 | https://docs.genomebeacons.org/ | API Description | GA4GH + ELIXIR | — | GA4GH | REST API, OpenAPI | Active (v2) | — | 2022 | Federated variant-presence query protocol |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Common Workflow Language | CWL | https://www.commonwl.org/specification/ | Schema Language | — | WDL, Nextflow | CWL group (SFC) | Declarative DSL (YAML/JSON) | Current (v1.2) | https://w3id.org/cwl/ | 2014 | Portable command-line tool/workflow descriptions; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Workflow Description Language | WDL | https://github.com/openwdl/wdl | Schema Language | — | CWL, Nextflow | OpenWDL community | Human-readable DSL | Current (v1.3.0) | — | 2026 | Readable workflow language; origin Broad Institute |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Nextflow | Nextflow | https://docs.seqera.io/nextflow | Framework | — | CWL, Snakemake | Seqera (origin CRG) | Dataflow DSL (Groovy/DSL2) | Active | — | 2017 | Reactive dataflow engine; backs nf-core |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Snakemake | Snakemake | https://snakemake.readthedocs.io/ | Framework | — | Nextflow, CWL | Koster lab | Python-based DSL | Active (v9.x) | — | 2012 | Make-inspired, Python-extensible workflow manager |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | ISA framework | ISA-Tab / ISA-JSON | https://isa-specs.readthedocs.io/ | Metadata Standard | ISA Abstract Model | BioCompute Object | ISA Community (Oxford eRC) | Tabular + JSON | Current | — | 2016 | Investigation/Study/Assay metadata; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | BioCompute Object | BCO (IEEE 2791) | https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/2791/7337/ | Documentation Standard | — | ISA, CWL | IEEE / BCO community | IEEE standard; JSON | Active | — | 2020 | Provenance record of HTS analyses; import candidate |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Min. Info About a Microarray Experiment | MIAME | https://www.fged.org/projects/miame/ | Documentation Standard | — | MINSEQE | FGED Society (defunct) | Minimum-info guideline | Legacy | — | 2001 | Six required elements |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Min. Info about a Sequencing Experiment | MINSEQE | https://www.fged.org/projects/minseqe/ | Documentation Standard | — | MIAME | FGED Society (defunct) | Minimum-info guideline | Legacy | — | 2008 | Sequencing analogue of MIAME |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Mutation Annotation Format | MAF | https://docs.gdc.cancer.gov/Data/File_Formats/MAF_Format/ | Exchange Format | VCF | VCF/BCF | NCI Genomic Data Commons | Tab-delimited | Current (v1.0.0) | — | — | Aggregated somatic mutations (note: acronym clash with UCSC Multiple Alignment Format) |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | PLINK PED | PED | https://www.cog-genomics.org/plink/1.9/formats | Exchange Format | — | PLINK BED set | PLINK (Purcell / Chang) | Whitespace text | Current | — | 2007 | Pedigree + genotype calls |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | PLINK binary set | BED/BIM/FAM | https://www.cog-genomics.org/plink/1.9/formats | Serialization Format | — | PED | PLINK (Purcell / Chang) | Binary + text sidecars | Current | — | 2007 | 2-bit genotype calls (note: distinct from UCSC BED) |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | Newick | Newick | https://phylipweb.github.io/phylip/newicktree.html | Serialization Format | — | NeXML | PHYLIP (Felsenstein) | Plain text (nested parens) | De facto | — | 1986 | Trees as nested parentheses + branch lengths |
| Bioinformatics & Genomics Formats | NeXML | NeXML | http://www.nexml.org/ | Schema Language | — | Newick | NeXML community | XML (XSD-validated) | Active | http://www.nexml.org/2009 | 2009 | OTUs, matrices, trees, models; import candidate |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | MIDI 1.0 | MIDI | https://midi.org/specs | Protocol | — | MIDI 2.0, OSC | The MIDI Association (MMA) + AMEI | Binary serial protocol | De facto | — | 1983 | Foundational instrument communication protocol |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | MIDI 2.0 | MIDI 2.0 | https://midi.org/specs | Protocol | MIDI 1.0 | OSC | The MIDI Association (MMA) + AMEI | Binary protocol (UMP) | Current | — | 2020 | Higher resolution, per-note, bidirectional |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Standard MIDI File | SMF | https://midi.org/specs | Serialization Format | MIDI 1.0 | — | The MIDI Association (MMA) | Binary chunk file | De facto | — | 1980s | Portable container for MIDI event sequences |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | General MIDI | GM / GM2 | https://midi.org/general-midi | Application Profile | MIDI 1.0 | — | The MIDI Association (MMA) | Instrument map | De facto | — | 1991 | 128-instrument map + min voice/channel |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | MusicXML | MusicXML | https://www.w3.org/2021/06/musicxml40/ | Exchange Format | — | MNX, MEI | W3C Music Notation CG | XML | Current (v4.0) | — | 2004 | Dominant notation interchange; import candidate |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | MNX | MNX | https://w3c.github.io/mnx/docs/ | Exchange Format | MusicXML | MusicXML, MEI | W3C Music Notation CG | JSON | CG draft | — | 2016 | Intended MusicXML successor; not yet stable |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Music Encoding Initiative | MEI | https://music-encoding.org/ | Schema Language | — | MusicXML, MNX | Music Encoding Initiative | XML (modular schemas) | Current (v5.1) | http://www.music-encoding.org/ns/mei | 1999 | Richest model for musicology/DH; import candidate |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Standard Music Font Layout | SMuFL | https://w3c.github.io/smufl/latest/ | Metadata Standard | — | MusicXML | W3C Music Notation CG | Font metadata (Unicode PUA + JSON) | Current (v1.4) | — | 2013 | One font carries thousands of notation glyphs |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Open Sound Control | OSC | https://opensoundcontrol.stanford.edu/ | Protocol | — | MIDI | CNMAT, UC Berkeley | Message-oriented network protocol | De facto (v1.1) | — | 1997 | Higher-res networked alternative to MIDI |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | MPEG-H 3D Audio | MPEG-H | https://www.iso.org/standard/74430.html | Exchange Format | ISO/IEC 23008 | ADM, Dolby Atmos | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 | Codec / bitstream | Current | — | 2015 | Object/scene immersive codec; ATSC 3.0 audio |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Audio Definition Model | ADM | https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.2076/en | Metadata Standard | — | MPEG-H, Dolby Atmos | ITU-R (SG 6) | XML metadata (in BWF/WAV) | Current (BS.2076-3) | — | 2015 | Channel/object/scene audio metadata backbone; import candidate |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Dolby Atmos Master ADM Profile | S-ADM | https://professionalsupport.dolby.com/s/article/Dolby-Atmos-ADM-Profile-specification | Application Profile | ADM (BS.2076/2125) | ADM, MPEG-H | Dolby Labs on ITU-R | ADM XML in BWF/WAV | Current (v1.1) | — | 2020 | Constrains ADM to interoperable Atmos master subset |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | OpenTimelineIO | OTIO | https://opentimelineio.readthedocs.io/ | Exchange Format | — | EDL, FCPXML, AAF | Academy Software Foundation (Pixar) | JSON (.otio) + API | Active (2.x) | — | 2017 | Timeline interchange + API; Apache-2.0; import candidate |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Edit Decision List (CMX 3600) | EDL | https://xmil.biz/EDL-X/CMX3600.pdf | Exchange Format | — | OTIO, FCPXML | CMX (defunct), de facto | Plain text ASCII | Legacy / de facto | — | 1980s | 999-event limit; lowest-common-denominator interchange |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Final Cut Pro XML | FCPXML | https://developer.apple.com/documentation/professional-video-applications/fcpxml-reference | Exchange Format | — | OTIO, EDL | Apple Inc. | XML (DTD) | Current (v1.10+) | — | 2011 | Project/timeline interchange for Final Cut Pro |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | AES31 Audio Decision List | AES31 / ADL | https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=32 | Exchange Format | — | OTIO, EDL | Audio Engineering Society | Text ADL; Part 4 XML | Current | — | 2021 | Sample-accurate DAW project interchange |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | ReCycle loop format | REX / REX2 | https://www.reasonstudios.com/recycle | Serialization Format | — | — | Reason Studios | Proprietary binary | De facto (legacy) | — | 1994 | Tempo-independent loop playback via slicing |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Ableton Link | Link | https://www.ableton.com/en/link/ | Protocol | — | MIDI clock | Ableton AG | P2P network sync (C++ SDK) | Active | — | 2016 | Sync tempo/beat/phase across apps/devices |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | MusicBrainz schema / MBID | MBID | https://musicbrainz.org/doc/MusicBrainz_Identifier | Identifier Scheme | — | AcoustID | MetaBrainz Foundation | DB schema; UUID IDs | Current | https://musicbrainz.org/ | 2000 | Open music encyclopedia; permanent stable identifiers; import candidate |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | AcoustID / Chromaprint | AcoustID | https://acoustid.org/chromaprint | Identifier Scheme | — | MBID | AcoustID (community) | Fingerprint lib + web service | Active | https://acoustid.org/ | 2010 | Fingerprints link audio to MusicBrainz MBIDs |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | RF64 / BW64 | RF64 / BW64 | https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/tech3306 | Serialization Format | BWF / RIFF-WAVE | — | EBU / ITU-R | WAV/RIFF 64-bit extension | Superseded by ITU-R BS.2088 | — | 2007 | Overcomes 4 GB WAVE limit |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | VST 3 | VST3 | https://steinbergmedia.github.io/vst3_dev_portal/ | Framework | — | CLAP, NKS | Steinberg Media Technologies | Plugin SDK / binary ABI | Current (v3.8) | — | 2008 | Dominant plugin standard; MIT-licensed since Oct 2025 |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | CLever Audio Plugin | CLAP | https://github.com/free-audio/clap | Framework | — | VST3, NKS | free-audio (Bitwig + u-he) | Stable C API / ABI | Active (v1.x) | — | 2022 | Open MIT-licensed plugin standard; import candidate |
| Music, Audio & Timeline Media | Native Kontrol Standard | NKS | https://www.native-instruments.com/en/specials/komplete/this-is-nks/ | Metadata Standard | VST | VST3, CLAP | Native Instruments | Metadata layer over VST | Current (NKS 2) | — | 2015 | Preset browsing, parameter mapping over VST/Kontakt |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | EIP Process | EIP-1 | https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1 | Framework | — | BIP, CAIP | Ethereum / EIP Editors | Markdown spec | Living | eip: | 2015 | Meta-process defining ERC/EIP status flow |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Fungible Token Standard | ERC-20 | https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20 | Schema Language | EIP-1 | ERC-777, ERC-1155 | Ethereum / EIP | Solidity ABI interface | Final | erc20: | 2015 | Canonical fungible-token interface; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Non-Fungible Token | ERC-721 | https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721 | Schema Language | EIP-1 | ERC-1155, ERC-998 | Ethereum / EIP | Solidity ABI interface | Final | erc721: | 2018 | NFT interface + tokenURI metadata JSON; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Multi-Token Standard | ERC-1155 | https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155 | Schema Language | EIP-1 | ERC-20, ERC-721 | Ethereum / EIP | Solidity ABI interface | Final | erc1155: | 2019 | Fungible+NFT in one contract; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Tokenized Vault | ERC-4626 | https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4626 | Schema Language | ERC-20 | ERC-7540 | Ethereum / EIP | Solidity ABI interface | Final | erc4626: | 2022 | Yield-bearing vault shares; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | T-REX Security Token | ERC-3643 | https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3643 | Schema Language | ERC-20 | ERC-1400, ERC-1404 | Ethereum / EIP (ERC3643 Assoc.) | Solidity ABI interface | Final | erc3643: | 2021 | Permissioned RWA/security tokens with ONCHAINID |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Identity Proxy | ERC-725 | https://github.com/ERC725Alliance/ERC725 | Schema Language | EIP-1 | ERC-1056, did:ethr | ERC725 Alliance / Ethereum | Solidity ABI interface | Draft/Final (v2) | erc725: | 2017 | On-chain key/identity proxy; pairs with ERC-735 |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Claim Holder | ERC-735 | https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/735 | Schema Language | ERC-725 | EAS, VC | Ethereum (issue draft) | Solidity ABI interface | Draft (stale) | erc735: | 2017 | Claims about identities; widely referenced |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Sign-In with Ethereum | SIWE / EIP-4361 | https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4361 | Protocol | EIP-191 | CAIP-122, OIDC | Ethereum / EIP (Spruce) | Plaintext message grammar | Final | — | 2021 | Off-chain auth via signed message |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Sign-In With X | CAIP-122 | https://chainagnostic.org/CAIPs/caip-122 | Protocol | CAIP-10 | EIP-4361 | Chain Agnostic (CASA) | Markdown spec | Draft | — | 2022 | Chain-agnostic generalization of SIWE |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Chain ID | CAIP-2 | https://chainagnostic.org/CAIPs/caip-2 | Identifier Scheme | CASA / CAIP | SLIP-44 | Chain Agnostic Std Alliance (CASA) | Markdown / ABNF | Final | namespace:reference | 2020 | Blockchain ID string (e.g. eip155:1); import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Account ID | CAIP-10 | https://chainagnostic.org/CAIPs/caip-10 | Identifier Scheme | CAIP-2 | DID | CASA | Markdown / ABNF | Final | chain_id:address | 2020 | Cross-chain account identifier; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Asset Type / ID | CAIP-19 | https://chainagnostic.org/CAIPs/caip-19 | Identifier Scheme | CAIP-2 | ERC-721 tokenId | CASA | Markdown / ABNF | Final | chain_id/asset_namespace:reference | 2021 | Asset + token identifier; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | InterPlanetary File System | IPFS | https://specs.ipfs.tech/ | Protocol | Multiformats | Arweave, Storj | Protocol Labs / Shipyard | Spec | Living | ipfs:// | 2015 | Content-addressed P2P storage; underlies NFT metadata |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | InterPlanetary Linked Data | IPLD | https://ipld.io/specs/ | Metamodel | Multiformats | RDF, JSON-LD | Protocol Labs / Shipyard | Spec | Living | — | 2017 | Content-addressed linked-data model; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Content Identifier | CID | https://github.com/multiformats/cid | Identifier Scheme | Multiformats | multihash | Multiformats / Protocol Labs | Self-describing string | Living | — | 2017 | Self-describing content address |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Multiformats | Multiformats | https://multiformats.io/ | Identifier Scheme | — | DID, CID | Multiformats / Protocol Labs | Self-describing prefixes | Living | — | 2016 | multihash/multibase/multicodec family; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Ceramic / ComposeDB | Ceramic | https://developers.ceramic.network/ | Framework | DID, IPLD | Solid, OrbitDB | 3Box Labs / Ceramic | Spec + GraphQL | Living | ceramic:// | 2020 | Decentralized event-stream graph DB; uses DIDs |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | AnonCreds | AnonCreds | https://hyperledger.github.io/anoncreds-spec/ | Framework | — | VC, mDL | LF Decentralized Trust (Hyperledger) | Spec | v1.0 | — | 2023 | ZK selective-disclosure credentials (Aries) |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Ethereum Attestation Service | EAS | https://docs.attest.org/ | Framework | — | ERC-735, VC | EAS | Solidity ABI + schema registry | Live (mainnet) | — | 2023 | On/off-chain attestation schemas; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | ISO 22739 Vocabulary | ISO 22739 | https://www.iso.org/standard/82208.html | Vocabulary | ISO/TC 307 | NIST DLT terms | ISO / TC 307 | PDF standard | Published (2024) | — | 2024 | Blockchain/DLT canonical vocabulary; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | IVMS101 | IVMS101 | https://www.intervasp.org/ | Messaging Standard | FATF Travel Rule | TRP, FATF R.16 | interVASP Std WG (GDF) | JSON / data model | Published | — | 2020 | VASP Travel Rule originator/beneficiary data model; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Travel Rule (FATF R.16) | FATF Travel Rule | https://www.fatf-gafi.org/ | Framework | — | IVMS101, TRP | FATF | Guidance (PDF) | In force | — | 2019 | Regulatory obligation IVMS101/TRP implement |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Token Taxonomy Framework | TTF | https://github.com/InterWorkAlliance/TokenTaxonomyFramework | Vocabulary | — | ISO 22739 | InterWork Alliance (GBBC) | Markdown + artifacts | Stable | — | 2020 | Implementation-neutral token taxonomy; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Baseline Protocol | Baseline | https://docs.baseline-protocol.org/ | Framework | OASIS | Hyperledger FireFly | OASIS (Ethereum-OASIS) | Spec (CORE/API/CCSM) | OASIS Standard (v1.0) | — | 2021 | Confidential enterprise state-sync over public chain |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | did:ethr Method | did:ethr | https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ethr-did-resolver/blob/master/doc/did-method-spec.md | Identifier Scheme | W3C DID | did:web, did:key | Decentralized Identity Foundation | Spec | Living | did:ethr: | 2018 | EVM-registry DID method (ERC-1056) |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | did:web Method | did:web | https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-web/ | Identifier Scheme | W3C DID | did:ethr, did:webs | W3C CCG | Spec | Draft (CCG) | did:web: | 2019 | Domain-hosted DID method via HTTPS well-known |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Solidity | Solidity | https://docs.soliditylang.org/ | Modeling Language | EVM | Vyper, Yul | Ethereum Foundation | Language spec | Living | — | 2015 | Primary EVM contract language |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | Contract ABI | JSON ABI | https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/abi-spec.html | Schema Language | Solidity | OpenAPI | Ethereum Foundation | JSON | Living | — | 2015 | Contract Application Binary Interface; import candidate |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | WalletConnect | WalletConnect | https://specs.walletconnect.com/ | Protocol | JSON-RPC 2.0 | EIP-1193 | Reown (WalletConnect Foundation) | Spec | v2 Living | — | 2018 | Dapp-wallet relay protocol; multi-chain sessions |
| Blockchain, Web3 & Tokens | OpenSea Metadata | OpenSea Metadata | https://docs.opensea.io/docs/metadata-standards | Metadata Standard | ERC-721 | ERC-1155 metadata | OpenSea | JSON schema | De-facto | — | 2019 | De-facto NFT metadata JSON; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | CalDAV | CalDAV | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4791 | Protocol | WebDAV, iCalendar | CardDAV, JMAP | IETF | RFC | Proposed Standard | — | 2007 | WebDAV calendar access/sync |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | CardDAV | CardDAV | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6352 | Protocol | WebDAV, vCard | CalDAV | IETF | RFC | Proposed Standard | — | 2011 | WebDAV contact access/sync |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | JMAP Core | JMAP | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8620 | Protocol | — | IMAP, CalDAV | IETF (Fastmail) | RFC + JSON | Proposed Standard | — | 2019 | JSON sync protocol; RFC 8621 Mail, 9610 Contacts |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | JSCalendar | JSCalendar | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8984 | Metamodel | — | iCalendar, jCal | IETF CALEXT (Fastmail) | RFC + JSON | Proposed Standard | — | 2020 | JSON calendar data model; iCalendar successor; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | JSContact | JSContact | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9553 | Metamodel | — | vCard, jCard | IETF CALEXT | RFC + JSON | Proposed Standard | — | 2024 | JSON contact data model; vCard successor; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | jCal | jCal | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7265 | Serialization Format | iCalendar | xCal, JSCalendar | IETF | RFC + JSON | Proposed Standard | — | 2014 | JSON serialization of iCalendar |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | jCard | jCard | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7095 | Serialization Format | vCard | xCard, JSContact | IETF | RFC + JSON | Proposed Standard | — | 2014 | JSON serialization of vCard |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | xCal | xCal | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6321 | Serialization Format | iCalendar | jCal | IETF | RFC + XML | Proposed Standard | — | 2011 | XML serialization of iCalendar |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | xCard | xCard | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6351 | Serialization Format | vCard | jCard | IETF | RFC + XML | Proposed Standard | — | 2011 | XML serialization of vCard |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | iTIP | iTIP | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5546 | Protocol | iCalendar | iMIP | IETF | RFC | Proposed Standard | — | 2009 | Interoperability scheduling semantics |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | iMIP | iMIP | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6047 | Protocol | iTIP | iTIP | IETF | RFC | Proposed Standard | — | 2010 | iTIP over email (MIME) |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | ActivityPub | ActivityPub | https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/ | Protocol | ActivityStreams 2.0 | Nostr, AT Proto, Matrix | W3C (Social Web WG) | REC | W3C Recommendation | https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams | 2018 | Fediverse server-to-server + client-to-server; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | WebFinger | WebFinger | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7033 | Protocol | — | NodeInfo, host-meta | IETF | RFC + JRD/JSON | Proposed Standard | acct: | 2013 | Handle-to-endpoint discovery (used by ActivityPub) |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | WebSub | WebSub | https://www.w3.org/TR/websub/ | Protocol | — | Webmention, RSS | W3C (Social Web WG) | REC | W3C Recommendation | — | 2018 | HTTP pub/sub via hubs; formerly PubSubHubbub |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Webmention | Webmention | https://www.w3.org/TR/webmention/ | Protocol | — | Pingback, WebSub | W3C (Social Web WG) | REC | W3C Recommendation | — | 2017 | Cross-site mention notification (IndieWeb) |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | microformats2 (h-card/h-event) | mf2 | https://microformats.org/wiki/h-card | Vocabulary | HTML | vCard, schema.org | microformats community | Wiki spec | Living | — | 2012 | h-card/h-event embedded HTML data; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Nostr (NIPs) | Nostr | https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips | Protocol | — | ActivityPub, AT Proto | nostr-protocol community | Markdown (NIPs) + JSON | Living | nostr: | 2021 | Relay-based signed-event social protocol |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | AT Protocol (Lexicon) | atproto | https://atproto.com/specs/lexicon | Schema Language | — | ActivityPub, Nostr | Bluesky Social PBC | Lexicon JSON | Living | at:// | 2023 | Bluesky federation; Lexicon schema system; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Matrix | Matrix | https://spec.matrix.org/latest/ | Protocol | — | XMPP, ActivityPub | The Matrix.org Foundation | Spec + JSON | Living (v1.17) | — | 2014 | Decentralized real-time comms federation |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Solid Protocol | Solid | https://solidproject.org/TR/protocol | Framework | LDP, WebID, WAC | Ceramic, ActivityPub | W3C Solid CG / Open Data Institute | Spec + RDF | CG Report (v0.11) | — | 2024 | Personal data pods; not on W3C Rec track |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | OStatus | OStatus | https://www.w3.org/community/ostatus/ | Protocol | Atom, PubSubHubbub | ActivityPub | W3C OStatus CG (historical) | CG spec | Superseded | — | 2010 | Pre-ActivityPub federation stack; legacy |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Atom Syndication Format | Atom | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4287 | Exchange Format | XML | RSS 2.0, JSON Feed | IETF | RFC + XML | Proposed Standard | — | 2005 | XML feed format |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | RSS 2.0 | RSS | https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification | Exchange Format | XML | Atom, JSON Feed | RSS Advisory Board | XML | Frozen / Stable | — | 2003 | Frozen syndication format |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | JSON Feed | JSON Feed | https://www.jsonfeed.org/version/1.1/ | Exchange Format | — | Atom, RSS | community (Reece/Simmons) | JSON | v1.1 Stable | — | 2017 | JSON alternative to RSS/Atom; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Standard Webhooks | Standard Webhooks | https://www.standardwebhooks.com/ | Convention | — | WebSub, CloudEvents | standard-webhooks (Svix-led) | Spec + JSON | v1 Stable | — | 2023 | Cross-provider webhook signing/format convention; import candidate |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Portable Contacts | PoCo | https://web.archive.org/web/portablecontacts.net/draft-spec.html | API Description | vCard | jCard, JSContact | Portable Contacts WG (historical) | Draft spec + JSON | Defunct | — | 2008 | Early contacts API; superseded by JSContact/SCIM |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | RDB to RDF Mapping Language | R2RML | https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/ | Mapping / Lifting | RDF | RML, Direct Mapping | W3C (RDB2RDF WG) | RDF/Turtle vocab | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml# | 2012 | Import candidate. Customized relational-to-RDF mappings; mappings are RDF graphs |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | RDF Mapping Language | RML | https://rml.io/specs/rml/ | Mapping / Lifting | R2RML | R2RML, RML-star | W3C Knowledge Graph Construction CG | RDF vocab | CG Report / Draft | http://w3id.org/rml/ | 2022 | Import candidate. Extends R2RML to CSV/JSON/XML; modular |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Direct Mapping of Relational Data to RDF | Direct Mapping | https://www.w3.org/TR/rdb-direct-mapping/ | Mapping / Lifting | RDF | R2RML | W3C (RDB2RDF WG) | Algorithm spec | Recommendation | — | 2012 | Default automatic RDB-to-RDF mapping; companion to R2RML |
| Data, API & Serialization | CSV on the Web Metadata Vocabulary | CSVW | https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-metadata/ | Tabular metadata | RDF/JSON-LD | Frictionless Data Package | W3C (CSVW WG) | JSON-LD / RDFS vocab | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw# | 2015 | Import candidate. Suite of 4 RECs; datatypes, FKs, transforms over CSV |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Linked Data Platform | LDP | https://www.w3.org/TR/ldp/ | Read-write LD / API | RDF | SOLID, Hydra | W3C (LDP WG) | HTTP rules + OWL vocab | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp# | 2015 | Import candidate. HTTP CRUD architecture for RDF resources/containers |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Rule Interchange Format | RIF | https://www.w3.org/TR/rif-overview/ | Rules / Logic | RDF/OWL | SWRL, SPIN, SHACL Rules | W3C (RIF WG) | XML dialects | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2007/rif# | 2013 | Family Core/BLD/PRD/FLD/DTB; RDF/OWL compatibility |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Verifiable Credential Data Integrity | VC-DI | https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-integrity/ | Crypto / Proofs | Verifiable Credentials | JOSE/COSE, LD Signatures | W3C (VC WG) | RDF vocab + JSON | Recommendation | https://w3id.org/security# | 2025 | Import candidate. Integrity proofs; cryptosuites EdDSA/ECDSA |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Bitstring Status List | Bitstring Status List | https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-bitstring-status-list/ | Revocation / Status | Verifiable Credentials | CRL, OCSP | W3C (VC WG) | RDF vocab + JSON | Recommendation | https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/status# | 2025 | Import candidate. Privacy-preserving revocation bitstring |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | RDF Dataset Canonicalization | RDFC-1.0 | https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-canon/ | Canonicalization | RDF | URDNA2015 | W3C (RCH WG) | Algorithm spec | Recommendation | — | 2024 | Canonical N-Quads for signing/hashing isomorphic datasets |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Accessible Rich Internet Applications | WAI-ARIA | https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/ | Accessibility | — | WCAG, HTML AAM | W3C (ARIA WG) | role taxonomy | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/wai-aria# | 2023 | Roles/states/properties for accessible dynamic UI |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | EPUB 3.3 | EPUB | https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/ | Publishing / Packaging | OCF/XHTML | EPUB 3.2, PWP | W3C (Publishing Maintenance WG) | XML/HTML package | Recommendation | http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops | 2023 | Digital book packaging format |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Scalable Vector Graphics | SVG | https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/ | Vector graphics | XML | Canvas, VML | W3C (SVG WG) | XML namespace | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2000/svg | 2011 | XML 2D vector graphics |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Mathematical Markup Language | MathML | https://www.w3.org/TR/mathml4/ | Math notation | XML | OpenMath, LaTeX | W3C (Math WG) | XML namespace | WD (4.0); REC (3.0) | http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML | 2010 | 3.0 REC; 4.0 WD; MathML Core for browsers |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language | SMIL | https://www.w3.org/TR/SMIL3/ | Multimedia timing | XML | TTML, HTML timing | W3C (SYMM) | XML namespace | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/SMIL | 2008 | Timing/layout/animation; DAISY, SVG animation |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Evaluation and Report Language | EARL | https://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/ | Test results | RDF | SHACL reports, PROV | W3C (ERT WG) | RDF vocab | WG Note | http://www.w3.org/ns/earl# | 2017 | Machine-readable test/assertion results |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages | GRDDL | https://www.w3.org/TR/grddl/ | Extraction / Lifting | RDF | RDFa, microformats | W3C (GRDDL WG) | XSLT linkage | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view# | 2007 | XML/XHTML/microformats to RDF via XSLT |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema | SAWSDL | https://www.w3.org/TR/sawsdl/ | Service annotation | WSDL/XSD | OWL-S, WSMO | W3C (SAWSDL WG) | XML extension attrs | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/sawsdl# | 2007 | modelReference linking services to ontologies |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Protocol for Web Description Resources | POWDER | https://www.w3.org/TR/powder-dr/ | Resource description | RDF/OWL | DCAT, VoID | W3C (POWDER WG) | XML + RDF/OWL | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2007/05/powder# | 2009 | Metadata over groups of URIs |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | Constraints of the PROV Data Model | PROV-Constraints | https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-constraints/ | Provenance validation | PROV-DM | SHACL, PROV-N | W3C (Provenance WG) | Constraint rules | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# | 2013 | Validity/inference constraints for PROV |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Internationalization Tag Set | ITS | https://www.w3.org/TR/its20/ | Localization metadata | XML/HTML | XLIFF, NIF | W3C (MultilingualWeb-LT WG) | XML/HTML + RDF | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/ | 2013 | Data categories for translation/i18n markup |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | Emotion Markup Language | EmotionML | https://www.w3.org/TR/emotionml/ | Affective markup | XML | — | W3C (Multimodal Interaction WG) | XML namespace | Recommendation | http://www.w3.org/2009/10/emotionml | 2014 | Annotating/recognizing/generating emotion states |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | Activity Streams 2.0 Vocabulary | AS2 Vocab | https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-vocabulary/ | Social vocabulary | JSON-LD | schema.org Actions | W3C (Social Web WG) | JSON-LD vocab | Recommendation | https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams# | 2017 | Import candidate. Activity/Actor/Object vocab under ActivityPub |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | DID Specification Registries | DID Registries | https://www.w3.org/TR/did-spec-registries/ | Registry | DID | VC registries | W3C (DID WG) | Registry / JSON | WG Note | — | 2024 | Registry of DID methods, properties, parameters |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | DID Resolution | DID Resolution | https://w3c.github.io/did-resolution/ | Resolution | DID | DNS resolution | W3C (DID WG) | Algorithm/API spec | Draft | — | 2024 | resolve()/dereference() for DIDs |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | WebID | WebID | https://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/webid/spec/identity/ | Identity | RDF/FOAF | DID, OpenID | W3C (WebID CG) | RDF/FOAF | Editor Draft / CG | — | 2014 | HTTP-URI agent identifier; basis for WebID-TLS/Solid |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Sensor Measurement Lists | SenML | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8428.html | Sensor data | — | LwM2M, SOSA/SSN | IETF (CORE WG) | JSON/CBOR/XML/EXI | Proposed Standard | urn:ietf:params:senml | 2018 | Import candidate. Compact sensor reading lists |
| Data, API & Serialization | Concise Data Definition Language | CDDL | https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8610/ | Schema / Validation | CBOR/JSON | JSON Schema, ASN.1 | IETF (CBOR WG) | Grammar notation | Proposed Standard | — | 2019 | Import candidate. Schema/notation for CBOR and JSON |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSONPath Query Expressions for JSON | JSONPath | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9535.html | Query | JSON | XPath, JMESPath | IETF (JSONPath WG) | Query syntax | Proposed Standard | — | 2024 | Import candidate. Standardized path query for JSON |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSON Pointer | JSON Pointer | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6901 | Addressing | JSON | XPath, JSONPath | IETF (APPSAWG) | String syntax | Proposed Standard | — | 2013 | Reference a value within a JSON document |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSON Patch | JSON Patch | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6902 | Mutation | JSON Pointer | JSON Merge Patch | IETF (APPSAWG) | JSON ops array | Proposed Standard | application/json-patch+json | 2013 | add/remove/replace/move/copy/test operations |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSON Merge Patch | JSON Merge Patch | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7386 | Mutation | JSON | JSON Patch | IETF | JSON document | Proposed Standard | application/merge-patch+json | 2014 | Simpler object-shaped PATCH; null deletes keys |
| Data, API & Serialization | Problem Details for HTTP APIs | Problem Details | https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9457/ | Error model | JSON/XML | — | IETF (HTTPAPI WG) | JSON/XML | Proposed Standard | application/problem+json | 2023 | Import candidate. Machine-readable HTTP error bodies; obsoletes 7807 |
| Data, API & Serialization | Structured Field Values for HTTP | SFV | https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9651/ | Field encoding | HTTP | — | IETF (HTTP WG) | Data types/algorithms | Proposed Standard | — | 2024 | Item/List/Dictionary types for HTTP fields; obsoletes 8941 |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Registration Data Access Protocol | RDAP | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9083.html | Registry / API | JSON | WHOIS | IETF (REGEXT WG) | JSON over HTTP | Internet Standard (STD 95) | — | 2021 | WHOIS successor (RFC 9082 query + 9083 JSON) |
| Data, API & Serialization | Web Linking | Web Linking | https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8288/ | Link model | HTTP | HTML rel, JSON-LD | IETF (HTTPBIS) | HTTP Link header | Proposed Standard | — | 2017 | Typed link relations + Link header; obsoletes 5988 |
| Data, API & Serialization | Well-Known Uniform Resource Identifiers | Well-Known URIs | https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8615/ | Discovery | URI | — | IETF | URI path prefix | Proposed Standard | /.well-known/ | 2019 | Site-wide metadata location; IANA registry |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Supply Chain Integrity, Transparency and Trust | SCITT | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-scitt-architecture/ | Transparency / Provenance | COSE | Certificate Transparency, in-toto | IETF (SCITT WG) | Architecture + COSE | Internet-Draft | — | 2024 | Transparency for signed supply-chain statements |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Grant Negotiation and Authorization Protocol | GNAP | https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9635/ | Authorization | — | OAuth 2.0 | IETF (GNAP WG) | JSON over HTTP | Proposed Standard | — | 2024 | Next-gen delegated authorization; no client pre-registration |
| Data, API & Serialization | JSON Text Sequences | json-seq | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7464.html | Streaming | JSON | NDJSON, JSON Lines | IETF | RS-delimited JSON | Proposed Standard | application/json-seq | 2015 | RS-prefixed JSON for streaming/log use |
| Data, API & Serialization | Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications | ABNF | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5234.html | Grammar notation | BNF | EBNF, CDDL | IETF | Grammar notation | Internet Standard (STD 68) | — | 2008 | Formal grammar notation for IETF specs |
| Data, API & Serialization | Uniform Resource Identifier Generic Syntax | URI | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986 | Identifier syntax | — | IRI, URL, URN | IETF | Syntax (ABNF) | Internet Standard (STD 66) | — | 2005 | Generic URI syntax underlying web identifiers |
| Data, API & Serialization | Uniform Resource Names | URN | https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8141 | Identifier syntax | URI | DOI, info-URI | IETF | Syntax + resolution | Proposed Standard | urn: | 2017 | Persistent location-independent names |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | DCMI Abstract Model | DCAM | https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/abstract-model/ | Metadata model | RDF | RDF abstract syntax | DCMI (Usage Board) | Abstract model | DCMI Recommendation | — | 2007 | Model for machine-processable DC application profiles |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Description Set Profile | DSP | https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-dsp/ | Constraint language | DCAM | SHACL, ShEx | DCMI | Constraint language | DCMI Working Draft | — | 2008 | Constraints over DCAM description sets |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Singapore Framework for Dublin Core Application Profiles | Singapore Framework | https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/singapore-framework/ | Application profile framework | DCAM | DCAP, Profiles Vocab | DCMI | Framework doc | DCMI Recommendation | — | 2008 | Defines what a Dublin Core Application Profile must contain |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Guidelines for Dublin Core Application Profiles | DCAP Guidelines | https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/profile-guidelines/ | Application profile guidance | Singapore Framework | DCAM, DSP | DCMI | Guidelines | DCMI Recommended Resource | — | 2009 | How-to for authoring DCAPs |
| Geospatial & Temporal | GeoPackage Encoding Standard | GeoPackage | https://docs.ogc.org/is/12-128r19/12-128r19.html | Encoding / container | SQLite | GeoParquet, Shapefile | OGC | SQLite container | Approved Standard | OGC 12-128r19 | 2024 | Import candidate. Open offline geodata container |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC API - Processes | OAPI-Processes | https://docs.ogc.org/is/18-062r2/18-062r2.html | Service API | OGC API common | WPS | OGC | OpenAPI/JSON | Approved Standard | opengis.net/doc/IS/ogcapi-processes-1 | 2021 | RESTful geoprocessing; WPS successor |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC API - Records | OAPI-Records | https://docs.ogc.org/is/20-004r1/20-004r1.html | Catalog API | OGC API common | CSW, STAC | OGC | OpenAPI/JSON/HTML | Approved Standard | OGC 20-004r1 | 2025 | Import candidate. Metadata discovery; CSW successor |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC API - Tiles | OAPI-Tiles | https://docs.ogc.org/is/20-057/20-057.html | Service API | OGC API common | WMTS, 3D Tiles | OGC | OpenAPI/JSON | Approved Standard | opengis.net/doc/IS/ogcapi-tiles-1 | 2022 | Tiled data delivery; WMTS successor |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC API - Maps | OAPI-Maps | https://docs.ogc.org/is/20-058/20-058.html | Service API | OGC API common | WMS | OGC | OpenAPI/JSON | Approved Standard | OGC 20-058 | 2024 | Server-rendered maps; WMS successor |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC API - Coverages | OAPI-Coverages | https://docs.ogc.org/DRAFTS/19-087.html | Service API | OGC API common; CIS | WCS | OGC | OpenAPI/JSON | Draft | OGC 19-087 | 2026 | Gridded/raster access; WCS successor |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC API - Styles | OAPI-Styles | https://docs.ogc.org/DRAFTS/20-009.html | Service API | OGC API common | SLD/SE | OGC | OpenAPI/JSON | Draft | OGC 20-009 | 2026 | Style management API |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Web Processing Service | WPS | https://docs.ogc.org/is/14-065/14-065r2.html | Service (legacy) | OWS Common | OGC API - Processes | OGC | XML/KVP | Approved (superseded) | opengis.net/wps/2.0 | 2015 | Legacy geoprocessing service |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Styled Layer Descriptor | SLD | https://www.ogc.org/standards/sld/ | Portrayal | WMS | SE, OAPI-Styles | OGC | XML (XSD) | Approved Standard | opengis.net/sld | 2007 | Per-layer symbolization profile for WMS |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Symbology Encoding | SE | https://www.ogc.org/standard/se/ | Portrayal | SLD | SLD, SymCore | OGC | XML (XSD) | Approved (to SymCore) | opengis.net/se | 2006 | Styling grammar; superseded by SymCore |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Filter Encoding | FES | https://docs.ogc.org/is/09-026r2/09-026r2.html | Query encoding | ISO 19143 | CQL | OGC | XML (XSD) | Approved Standard | opengis.net/fes/2.0 | 2014 | Query predicates for WFS |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OWS Context | OWS Context | https://docs.ogc.org/is/14-055r2/14-055r2.html | Exchange doc | OWS Common | — | OGC | GeoJSON / Atom-XML | Approved Standard | OGC 14-055r2 | 2016 | Portable map-state document |
| Geospatial & Temporal | Web Map Tile Service | WMTS | https://www.ogc.org/standards/wmts/ | Service (legacy) | OWS Common | OAPI-Tiles | OGC | XML + KVP/REST | Approved (superseded) | opengis.net/wmts/1.0 | 2010 | Pre-rendered tile pyramids |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OWS Common | OWS Common | https://www.ogc.org/publications/standard/common/ | Foundation | — | — | OGC | XML (XSD) + KVP | Approved Standard | opengis.net/ows/2.0 | 2010 | Shared building blocks for classic OWS services |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | Sensor Observation Service | SOS | https://www.ogc.org/standards/sos/ | Service (SWE) | OWS Common; O&M | SensorThings | OGC | XML (O&M/SWE) | Approved (superseded) | opengis.net/sos/2.0 | 2012 | Sensor observation query |
| IoT, Devices & Digital Twins | SWE Common Data Model | SWE Common | https://www.ogc.org/standards/swecommon/ | Data model | SWE | — | OGC | XML (XSD) | Approved Standard | opengis.net/swe/2.0 | 2011 | Low-level sensor data typing |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Coverage Implementation Schema | CIS | https://docs.ogc.org/is/09-146r8/09-146r8.html | Encoding | ISO 19123 | GMLJP2, GeoTIFF | OGC | GML/JSON/RDF | Approved Standard | schemas.opengis.net/cis/1.1/ | 2017 | Concrete coverage structure; underpins WCS |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Indexed 3D Scene Layers | I3S | https://docs.ogc.org/cs/17-014r9/17-014r9.html | 3D streaming | — | 3D Tiles, CityJSON | OGC (auth. Esri) | JSON + binary | Community Standard | OGC 17-014r9 | 2022 | Import candidate. 3D GIS streaming; rival to 3D Tiles |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | CityJSON | CityJSON | https://docs.ogc.org/cs/20-072r5/20-072r5.html | Encoding | CityGML 3.0 | CityGML, glTF | OGC (auth. TU Delft) | JSON | Community Standard | OGC 20-072r5 | 2022 | Import candidate. JSON encoding of CityGML subset |
| Geospatial & Temporal | GeoParquet | GeoParquet | https://geoparquet.org/releases/v1.1.0/ | Encoding | Apache Parquet | GeoPackage, FlatGeobuf | OGC SWG | Parquet columnar | Incubating | — | 2024 | Import candidate. Cloud-native columnar vector format |
| Weather & Earth Observation | GeoZarr | GeoZarr | https://github.com/zarr-developers/geozarr-spec | Encoding | Zarr; CF conventions | COG, NetCDF | OGC SWG + Zarr | Zarr metadata conventions | Draft | — | 2026 | Cloud-native multidim geospatial arrays |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | OGC CDB | CDB | https://docs.ogc.org/is/23-034/23-034.html | Data store | GeoPackage | — | OGC | File-store / GeoPackage | Approved Standard | OGC 23-034 | 2023 | Synthetic environment store for simulation |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | InfraGML | InfraGML | https://docs.ogc.org/is/16-100r2/16-100r2.html | Encoding | LandInfra | LandXML, IFC4.3 | OGC | GML (XML) | Approved Standard | schemas.opengis.net/infragml/ | 2017 | GML encoding of LandInfra; civil infrastructure |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Land and Infrastructure Conceptual Model | LandInfra | https://docs.ogc.org/is/15-111r1/15-111r1.html | Conceptual model | — | IFC, LandXML | OGC | UML | Approved Standard | OGC 15-111r1 | 2016 | Conceptual model behind InfraGML |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Geoscience Markup Language | GeoSciML | https://docs.ogc.org/is/16-008/16-008.html | Encoding | GML 3.3 | EarthResourceML | OGC / IUGS CGI | XML/GML | Approved Standard | schemas.opengis.net/gsml/4.1 | 2017 | Geology units, structures, boreholes |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | OGC GeoPose | GeoPose | https://docs.ogc.org/is/21-056r11/21-056r11.html | Data exchange | — | ARML 2.0 | OGC | JSON | Approved Standard | OGC 21-056r11 | 2022 | Import candidate. Position+orientation in Earth frames |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | Augmented Reality Markup Language | ARML 2.0 | https://docs.ogc.org/is/12-132r4/12-132r4.html | Encoding | — | GeoPose | OGC | XML + ECMAScript | Approved Standard | schemas.opengis.net/arml/ | 2015 | Describes AR objects and real-world anchors |
| Geospatial & Temporal | GeoXACML | GeoXACML | https://docs.ogc.org/is/22-049r1/22-049r1.html | Access control | OASIS XACML 3.0 | — | OGC | XML + JSON profile | Approved Standard | OGC 22-049r1 | 2023 | Spatial access-control policy language |
| Mobility & Transportation | PipelineML | PipelineML | https://docs.ogc.org/is/18-073r2/18-073r2.html | Encoding | GML | InfraGML | OGC | GML (XML) | Approved Standard | opengis.net/pipelineml/1.0 | 2019 | Oil/gas pipeline data interchange |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC GeoRSS | GeoRSS | https://docs.ogc.org/cs/17-002r1/17-002r1.html | Encoding | RSS/Atom; GML | GeoJSON | OGC | RSS/Atom + GML | Community Standard | georss.org/georss | 2017 | Geographic extension to web feeds |
| Mobility & Transportation | Moving Features Encoding | MF-JSON | https://docs.ogc.org/is/19-045r3/19-045r3.html | Encoding | GeoJSON; ISO 19141 | NeTEx, SIRI | OGC | JSON / XML / CSV | Approved Standard | OGC 19-045r3 | 2020 | Import candidate. Trajectories / time-varying geometry |
| Geospatial & Temporal | OGC GeoDCAT | GeoDCAT | https://semiceu.github.io/GeoDCAT-AP/ | Metadata vocabulary | W3C DCAT | STAC, OAPI-Records | OGC SWG / EU JRC | RDF | Draft | — | 2024 | Import candidate. Spatial profile of DCAT |
| Weather & Earth Observation | Training Data Markup Language for AI | TrainingDML-AI | https://docs.ogc.org/is/23-008r3/23-008r3.html | Conceptual + encoding | — | STAC ML extension | OGC | UML + JSON + XML | Approved Standard | OGC 23-008r3 | 2024 | Import candidate. Geospatial ML training datasets |
| 3D, Gaming, XR & Robotics | LAS Point Cloud | LAS | https://www.ogc.org/standards/las/ | Encoding | — | LAZ, 3D Tiles pnts | OGC / ASPRS | Binary | Community Standard | ASPRS LAS | 2019 | Point cloud; OGC adopted ASPRS LAS |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Information Container for linked Document Delivery | ICDD | https://www.iso.org/standard/74389.html | Container / linked-data | RDF/OWL | mvdXML, BCF | ISO TC59/SC13 | ZIP + RDF/OWL | Published (ISO 21597) | — | 2020 | Import candidate. Links heterogeneous lifecycle documents |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Information Delivery Manual | IDM | https://www.iso.org/standard/60553.html | Methodology | — | IDS, LOIN | buildingSMART / ISO | BPMN process maps | Published (ISO 29481) | — | 2016 | Process + exchange-requirement capture; underpins IFC MVDs |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Level of Information Need | LOIN | https://www.iso.org/standard/82914.html | Methodology | ISO 19650 | IDS, IDM | CEN TC442 / ISO | Conceptual | Published (ISO 7817-1:2024) | — | 2024 | Detail/extent of info per exchange point |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Uniclass 2015 | Uniclass | https://uniclass.thenbs.com/ | Classification | — | OmniClass, bSDD | NBS (UK) | Tables (CSV) + codes | Active | — | 2015 | Import candidate. UK unified construction classification |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | OmniClass Construction Classification | OmniClass | https://www.csiresources.org/standards/omniclass | Classification | — | Uniclass, UniFormat | CSI / CSC | 15 faceted tables | Active (licensed) | — | 2012 | Import candidate. North American multi-table system |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | MasterFormat | MasterFormat | https://www.csiresources.org/standards/masterformat | Classification | OmniClass T22 | UniFormat | CSI / CSC | 50-division numbering | Active (2020 ed.) | — | 2020 | Spec organization by work results |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | UniFormat | UniFormat | https://www.csiresources.org/standards/uniformat | Classification | OmniClass T21 | MasterFormat | CSI/CSC; ASTM E1557 | Elemental notation | Active | — | 2010 | Elemental system for early design/cost estimating |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | CEN/TC 442 BIM programme | CEN/TC 442 | https://standards.cencenelec.eu/ | Standards programme | ISO 19650 | ISO 23386/23387 | CEN/TC 442 | EN / EN ISO standards | Active | — | 2015 | Adopts ISO BIM standards as binding EN |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | OpenDocument Format | ODF | https://docs.oasis-open.org/office/OpenDocument/v1.4/os/ | Document format | ISO/IEC 26300 | OOXML, DocBook | OASIS OpenDocument TC | XML (zip) | OASIS Standard | urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns | 2025 | v1.4; import candidate |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Darwin Information Typing Architecture | DITA | https://docs.oasis-open.org/dita/dita/v1.3/os/ | Structured authoring | — | DocBook | OASIS DITA TC | XML (DTD/RNG/XSD) | OASIS Standard | — | 2015 | v1.3; v2.0 in progress |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | DocBook | DocBook | https://docs.oasis-open.org/docbook/docbook/v5.2/os/ | Structured authoring | — | DITA, ODF | OASIS DocBook TC | XML (RELAX NG) | OASIS Standard | http://docbook.org/ns/docbook | 2024 | v5.2 |
| Data, API & Serialization | Content Management Interoperability Services | CMIS | https://docs.oasis-open.org/cmis/CMIS/v1.1/os/CMIS-v1.1-os.html | Content repository API | — | OData, WebDAV | OASIS CMIS TC | SOAP / AtomPub / JSON | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/cmis/core/200908/ | 2013 | TC closed; spec valid |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | XML Localisation Interchange File Format | XLIFF | https://docs.oasis-open.org/xliff/xliff-core/v2.1/os/xliff-core-v2.1-os.html | Localization interchange | — | TMX, TBX | OASIS XLIFF TC | XML | OASIS Standard | urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:2.0 | 2018 | Import candidate |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Unstructured Operation Markup Language | UOML | https://docs.oasis-open.org/uoml/v1.0/uoml-part1-v1.0.html | Document interface | — | — | OASIS UOML TC | XML | OASIS Standard | — | 2008 | Part 1 v1.0 |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Search/Retrieve via URL & Contextual Query Language | SRU/CQL | https://docs.oasis-open.org/search-ws/searchRetrieve/v1.0/os/ | Search protocol / query | — | OpenSearch, Z39.50 | OASIS Search Web Services TC; LoC | HTTP/URL + XML | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/search-ws/sruResponse | 2013 | LoC maintains SRU/CQL |
| Data, API & Serialization | ebXML Messaging Services (AS4) | ebMS | https://docs.oasis-open.org/ebxml-msg/ebms/v3.0/core/ebms_core-3.0-spec.html | B2B messaging | ebXML | AMQP, WS-* | OASIS ebCore TC | XML over SOAP | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ebxml-msg/ebms/v3.0/ns/core/200704/ | 2013 | AS4 profile underpins Peppol/eDelivery |
| Data, API & Serialization | ebXML Collaboration Protocol Profile/Agreement | CPP/CPA | https://docs.oasis-open.org/ebcore/cppa/v3.0/cppa-v3.0.html | B2B agreement | ebXML | — | OASIS ebCore TC | XML | OASIS Standard | — | 2020 | v2.0 Std; v3.0 CS |
| Data, API & Serialization | ebXML Business Process Specification Schema | ebBP | https://docs.oasis-open.org/ebxml-bp/2.0.4/OS/ | Business process | ebXML | WS-BPEL | OASIS ebCore TC | XML | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ebxml-bp/ebbp-2.0 | 2007 | formerly BPSS |
| Data, API & Serialization | ebXML Registry Information Model | ebRIM/ebRS | https://docs.oasis-open.org/regrep/v3.0/specs/regrep-rim-3.0-os.pdf | Registry/repository | ebXML | UDDI | OASIS RegRep TC | XML | OASIS Standard | urn:oasis:names:tc:ebxml-regrep:xsd:rim:3.0 | 2005 | RegRep v4.0 = 2012 |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Customer Information Quality | CIQ | https://docs.oasis-open.org/ciq/v3.0/specs/ciq-specs-v3.html | Party/address data | — | vCard, schema.org PostalAddress | OASIS CIQ TC | XML | Committee Spec | urn:oasis:names:tc:ciq:xal:3 | 2008 | xAL/xNL/xNAL/xPIL; import candidate |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Election Markup Language | EML | https://docs.oasis-open.org/election/eml/v7.0/eml-v7.0.html | Elections | — | NIST SP 1500-100 | OASIS Election & Voter Services TC | XML | OASIS Standard | urn:oasis:names:tc:evs:schema:eml | 2011 | v7.0; reuses CIQ xNAL |
| Data, API & Serialization | Advanced Message Queuing Protocol | AMQP | https://docs.oasis-open.org/amqp/core/v1.0/os/amqp-core-overview-v1.0-os.html | Messaging protocol | — | MQTT, ebMS | OASIS AMQP TC | Binary wire protocol | OASIS Standard (ISO/IEC 19464) | — | 2012 | OASIS-authored, ISO-ratified |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Web Services Business Process Execution Language | WS-BPEL | https://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/OS/wsbpel-v2.0-OS.html | Process orchestration | — | ebBP, BPMN | OASIS WS-BPEL TC | XML | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/process/executable | 2007 | v2.0 |
| Data, API & Serialization | Universal Description, Discovery and Integration | UDDI | https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/uddi-spec/doc/spec/v3/uddi-v3.0.2-20041019.htm | Service registry | — | ebRIM, WS-Discovery | OASIS UDDI Spec TC | XML/SOAP | OASIS Standard | urn:uddi-org:api_v3 | 2005 | v3.0.2 |
| Government, Legal & Civic | Business Document Exchange Service Metadata Publishing | SMP/BDXL | https://docs.oasis-open.org/bdxr/bdx-smp/v1.0/cs01/bdx-smp-v1.0-cs01.html | Peppol discovery | — | ebMS, DNS NAPTR | OASIS BDXR TC | REST/XML; DNS | OASIS Standard (BDX-Location) | http://docs.oasis-open.org/bdxr/ns/SMP/2014/07 | 2017 | Underpins Peppol discovery |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Open Command and Control | OpenC2 | https://docs.oasis-open.org/openc2/oc2ls/v1.0/oc2ls-v1.0.html | Cyber response | — | CACAO, STIX | OASIS OpenC2 TC | JSON (I-JSON) | Committee Spec | — | 2019 | Import candidate |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | CACAO Security Playbooks | CACAO | https://docs.oasis-open.org/cacao/security-playbooks/v2.0/security-playbooks-v2.0.html | Security automation | — | OpenC2, STIX/TAXII | OASIS CACAO TC | JSON | Committee Spec | — | 2023 | v2.0 |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Web Services Security (SOAP Message Security) | WSS | https://docs.oasis-open.org/wss-m/wss/v1.1.1/os/ | SOAP security | — | WS-Trust, SAML | OASIS WSS-M TC | XML | OASIS Standard | — | 2012 | v1.1.1 |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | WS-Trust | WS-Trust | https://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/v1.4/errata01/os/ | Security token service | — | WSS, SAML | OASIS WS-SX TC | XML | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512 | 2012 | v1.4 + Errata 01 |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | WS-SecurityPolicy | WS-SecurityPolicy | https://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-securitypolicy/v1.3/errata01/os/ | Security policy | — | WS-Policy, XACML | OASIS WS-SX TC | XML | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-securitypolicy/200702 | 2012 | v1.3 + Errata 01 |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Service Provisioning Markup Language | SPML | https://docs.oasis-open.org/provision/spml-2.0-cd-01/pstc-spml2-cd-01.html | Account provisioning | — | SCIM, SAML | OASIS Provisioning Services TC | XML | OASIS Standard | urn:oasis:names:tc:SPML:2:0 | 2006 | v2.0; SCIM is successor |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Digital Signature Service | DSS | https://docs.oasis-open.org/dss-x/dss-core/v2.0/dss-core-v2.0.html | Signature service | — | XAdES, KMIP | OASIS DSS-X TC | XML + JSON | Committee Spec | http://docs.oasis-open.org/dss-x/ns/core | 2019 | v1.0 Std = 2007 |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | PKCS #11 Cryptographic Token Interface | PKCS#11 | https://docs.oasis-open.org/pkcs11/pkcs11-spec/v3.1/os/ | Crypto token API | Cryptoki | KMIP | OASIS PKCS 11 TC | C API | OASIS Standard | — | 2023 | v3.1 |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | Symptoms Automation Framework | SAF | https://docs.oasis-open.org/saf/saf/v1.0/os/saf-v1.0-os.html | IT mgmt automation | — | WSDM | OASIS SAF TC | XML | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/saf/ns/symptoms/2012/07 | 2014 | v1.0 |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Web Services Distributed Management | WSDM | https://docs.oasis-open.org/wsdm/wsdm-muws1-1.1-spec-os-01.htm | Mgmt of/using WS | — | SAF, oBIX | OASIS WSDM TC | XML | OASIS Standard | — | 2006 | MUWS + MOWS |
| Calendaring, Contacts & Social | WS-Calendar | WS-Calendar | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-calendar/ws-calendar-spec/v1.0/cs01/ | Scheduling | iCalendar (RFC 5545) | Energy Interop | OASIS WS-Calendar TC | XML | Committee Spec | — | 2011 | PIM v1.0 CS02 = 2015 |
| Energy & Utilities | Energy Interoperation | EI | http://docs.oasis-open.org/energyinterop/ei/v1.0/os/ | Demand response | WS-Calendar/EMIX | OpenADR | OASIS Energy Interop TC | XML + WSDL | OASIS Standard | http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/energyinterop/201110 | 2014 | Basis of OpenADR 2.0 |
| Energy & Utilities | Energy Market Information Exchange | EMIX | http://docs.oasis-open.org/emix/emix/v1.0/cs02/ | Energy pricing | WS-Calendar | Energy Interop | OASIS eMIX TC | XML | Committee Spec | — | 2012 | v1.0 |
| Energy & Utilities | Open Building Information eXchange | oBIX | http://docs.oasis-open.org/obix/obix/v1.1/cs01/ | Building automation | — | Haystack, BACnet | OASIS oBIX TC | XML object model | Committee Spec | — | 2015 | v1.1; v1.0 was OASIS Std |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Core Components Technical Specification / Library | CCTS/CCL | https://unece.org/trade/uncefact/ccts | Semantic data model | — | UBL, CII | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | Tech spec + XML/XLS | Published | urn:un:unece:uncefact | 2009 | CCTS v3.0; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Buy-Ship-Pay Reference Data Model | BSP RDM | https://unece.org/trade/documents/2019/08/brs-buy-ship-pay-reference-data-model-bsp-rdm | Trade reference model | CCL | SCRDM, MMT RDM | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | BRS + linked-data vocab | Published | https://vocabulary.uncefact.org/ | 2019 | Umbrella model; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Supply Chain Reference Data Model | SCRDM | https://unece.org/trade/uncefact/rdm | Supply chain model | BSP RDM | MMT RDM | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | RDM/RSM | Published | vocabulary.uncefact.org | 2019 | RSM subset of CCL |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Multi-Modal Transport Reference Data Model | MMT RDM | https://unece.org/trade/uncefact/rdm | Transport model | BSP RDM | SCRDM | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | RDM | Published | vocabulary.uncefact.org | 2024 | Underpins eCMR |
| Data, API & Serialization | UN/CEFACT XML Naming and Design Rules | XML NDR | https://unece.org/trade/uncefact/xml-ndr | Schema design rules | CCTS | OASIS UBL NDR | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | Tech spec (PDF) | Published | — | 2010 | v3.0; JSON Schema NDR v1.0 = 2022 |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Electronic Consignment Note for Road Transport | eCMR | https://unece.org/trade/documents/2024/10/standards/ecmr-brs | Transport document | MMT RDM | UBL Waybill | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | BRS + CCL + XSD | Published | urn:un:unece:uncefact | 2024 | Legal basis CMR e-Protocol |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Codes for Units of Measure (Recommendation 20) | UN Rec 20 | https://unece.org/trade/uncefact/cl-recommendations | Code list units | — | QUDT, UCUM | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | Recommendation + code list | Published (Rev 17) | urn:un:unece:uncefact:codelist:standard:6 | 2021 | Embedded in UBL/CII; import candidate |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Codes for Packages and Packaging (Recommendation 21) | UN Rec 21 | https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-10/rec21rev2_ecetrd211E.pdf | Code list packaging | — | UN Rec 20 | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | Recommendation + code list | Published (Rev 2) | — | 2023 | Package type codes |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Trade and Transport Status Codes (Recommendation 24) | UN Rec 24 | https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-10/rec24_ecetrd258e.pdf | Code list status | — | UN Rec 21 | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | Recommendation + code list | Published | — | 2009 | First adopted 1995 |
| Agriculture, Food & Environment | Electronic Crop Data Sheet Process | eDAPLOS | https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/brs/BRS_CropDataSheetProcess__eDAPLOS__v0.7.0.pdf | Agriculture data exchange | CCL | EDIFACT DAPLOS | UN/CEFACT (UNECE) | BRS + CCL (XML) | Draft | urn:un:unece:uncefact | 2005 | Crop data sheet exchange (FR/BE) |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Knowledge Discovery Metamodel | KDM | https://www.omg.org/spec/KDM | Reverse-engineering metamodel | MOF (CMOF) | ASTM, SMM | Object Management Group | XMI / Ecore / XSD | Formal (ISO/IEC 19506) | https://www.omg.org/spec/KDM/1.4 | 2016 | Import candidate. MOF representation of existing software |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Abstract Syntax Tree Metamodel | ASTM | https://www.omg.org/spec/ASTM | Source-code AST metamodel | MOF (EMOF) | KDM | Object Management Group | XMI / XSD | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/ASTM/1.0 | 2011 | Import candidate. GASTM/SASTM companion to KDM |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Structured Metrics Metamodel | SMM | https://www.omg.org/spec/SMM | Software measurement metamodel | MOF (CMOF) | KDM | Object Management Group | XMI (CMOF) | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/SMM/1.2 | 2018 | Import candidate. Exchange of measures over MOF models |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | UML Profile for MARTE | MARTE | https://www.omg.org/spec/MARTE | Real-time/embedded profile | UML | SysML | Object Management Group | XMI (UML profile) | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/MARTE/1.3 | 2024 | UML profile for real-time embedded systems |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Semantics of a Foundational Subset for Executable UML | fUML | https://www.omg.org/spec/FUML | Executable UML semantics | UML / MOF | Alf, PSSM, PSCS | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/FUML/1.5 | 2021 | Import candidate. Executable subset of UML |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Action Language for Foundational UML | Alf | https://www.omg.org/spec/ALF | Action/textual surface language | fUML | fUML | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/ALF/1.1 | 2017 | Textual notation mapping to fUML |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Precise Semantics of UML State Machines | PSSM | https://www.omg.org/spec/PSSM | State-machine execution semantics | fUML | PSCS | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/PSSM/1.0 | 2019 | Import candidate. fUML extension for state machines |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Precise Semantics of UML Composite Structures | PSCS | https://www.omg.org/spec/PSCS | Composite-structure execution semantics | fUML | PSSM | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/PSCS/1.2 | 2019 | Import candidate. fUML extension for composite structures |
| Data, API & Serialization | Interface Definition Language | OMG IDL | https://www.omg.org/spec/IDL | Interface/type definition language | — | DDS, Protobuf | Object Management Group | IDL grammar | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/IDL/4.2 | 2018 | Language-neutral interface/type definitions |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Interaction Flow Modeling Language | IFML | https://www.omg.org/spec/IFML | UI / front-end interaction metamodel | MOF / UML | BPMN | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/IFML/1.0 | 2015 | MOF metamodel for UI interaction flow |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Common Terminology Services 2 | CTS2 | https://www.omg.org/spec/CTS2 | Terminology-service metamodel | MOF | API4KP, FHIR | Object Management Group | XMI / REST | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/CTS2/1.2 | 2015 | PIM for managing/querying terminology content |
| Finance & Insurance | Financial Instrument Global Identifier | FIGI | https://www.omg.org/spec/FIGI | Financial instrument identifier + ontology | — | FIBO, LEI | Object Management Group (Bloomberg) | OWL / RDF | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/FIGI/ | 2024 | Import candidate. OWL ontology of instrument identifiers |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Date-Time Vocabulary | DTV | https://www.omg.org/spec/DTV | Controlled vocabulary | SBVR | OWL-Time, FIBO | Object Management Group | SBVR vocabulary | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/DTV/1.3 | 2017 | Import candidate. SBVR date/time/calendar vocabulary |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Languages, Countries and Codes | LCC | https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC | Reference-data OWL ontology | — | FIBO, ISO 3166/639 | Object Management Group | OWL / RDF | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/1.2 | 2022 | Import candidate. OWL ontology of language/country codes |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Structured Assurance Case Metamodel | SACM | https://www.omg.org/spec/SACM | Assurance-case metamodel | MOF | RAAML, GSN | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/SACM/2.3 | 2023 | Import candidate. Claims/arguments/evidence metamodel |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Risk Analysis and Assessment Modeling Language | RAAML | https://www.omg.org/spec/RAAML | Safety/security analysis profile | SysML | SACM, FMEA | Object Management Group | XMI (SysML profile) | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/RAAML/1.1 | 2022 | FTA/FMEA/STPA/GSN modeling on SysML |
| AI, ML & Data Governance | APIs for Knowledge Platforms | API4KP | https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP | Knowledge-platform API standard | MOF / OWL | CTS2, ODM | Object Management Group | XMI / OWL / IDL | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/1.0 | 2024 | APIs for knowledge-based systems |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Distributed Ontology, Modeling and Specification Language | DOL | https://www.omg.org/spec/DOL | Ontology-integration meta-language | MOF | ODM, OWL | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/DOL/1.0 | 2018 | Import candidate. Heterogeneous ontology/model integration |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Multiple Vocabulary Facility | MVF | https://www.omg.org/spec/MVF | Multilingual vocabulary metamodel | MOF / UML | SBVR, SKOS | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/MVF/1.0 | 2024 | Import candidate. Model elements across languages |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Kernel Modeling Language | KerML | https://www.omg.org/spec/KerML | Foundational modeling language | MOF | SysML v2, fUML | Object Management Group | XMI (MOF) | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/KerML/1.0 | 2025 | Import candidate. Formal foundation under SysML v2 |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | UML Testing Profile 2 | UTP2 | https://www.omg.org/spec/UTP2 | Test-artifact modeling profile | UML | SysML, ReqIF | Object Management Group | XMI (UML profile) | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/UTP2/2.2 | 2024 | UML profile linking test artifacts to models |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Diagram Definition | DD | https://www.omg.org/spec/DD | Diagram interchange metamodel | MOF | XMI, BPMN-DI | Object Management Group | XMI (DC/DG/DI) | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/DD/1.1 | 2015 | Framework for defining diagram interchange |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | MOF Query/View/Transformation | QVT | https://www.omg.org/spec/QVT | Model-transformation language | MOF | ATL, MOFM2T | Object Management Group | XMI (EMOF) | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/QVT/1.3 | 2016 | Query/transform MOF models |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | MOF Model to Text Transformation Language | MOFM2T | https://www.omg.org/spec/MOFM2T | Model-to-text template language | MOF | QVT, Acceleo | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/MOFM2T/1.0 | 2008 | Mof2Text template generation |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Human-Usable Textual Notation | HUTN | https://www.omg.org/spec/HUTN | Textual concrete syntax for MOF | MOF | XMI | Object Management Group | XMI / grammar | Formal (legacy) | https://www.omg.org/spec/HUTN/1.0 | 2004 | Human-readable text syntax for MOF models |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Ontology Definition Metamodel | ODM | https://www.omg.org/spec/ODM | UML-ontology bridging metamodel | MOF | DOL, RDF/OWL | Object Management Group | XMI | Formal | https://www.omg.org/spec/ODM/1.1 | 2014 | Import candidate. Maps UML/ER to RDF/OWL/Common Logic |
| Semantic Web & Linked Data | Common Logic | CL | https://www.iso.org/standard/66249.html | Logic framework / interchange | — | RDF, OWL, PSL | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 | CLIF / CGIF / XCL | Published (2nd ed.) | — | 2018 | Import candidate. FOL framework; logic substrate for ontologies |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Process Specification Language | PSL | https://www.iso.org/standard/35431.html | Process ontology (FOL) | Common Logic | BPMN, BFO | ISO TC 184/SC 4 | CLIF / Common Logic | Published | http://www.nist.gov/psl/ | 2004 | Import candidate. Axiomatized layered process ontology |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Metamodel Framework for Interoperability | MFI | https://www.iso.org/standard/84749.html | Model-registry metamodel suite | — | ISO 11179, ODM | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 | UML metamodels | Published (3rd ed.) | — | 2023 | Registering/mapping heterogeneous models and ontologies |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Integration of Lifecycle Data for Process Plants | ISO 15926 | https://www.iso.org/standard/29557.html | 4D upper ontology + reference data | — | BFO, ISO 13584 | ISO TC 184/SC 4 | EXPRESS / OWL / RDFS | Published | — | 2003 | Import candidate. 4D upper ontology for plant lifecycle |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Parts Library | PLIB | https://www.iso.org/standard/25103.html | Parts/property dictionary ontology | — | IEC 61360, ISO 22745 | ISO TC 184/SC 4 | EXPRESS / OntoML (XML) | Published | — | 2001 | Class/property dictionary methodology |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Open Technical Dictionaries | eOTD | https://www.iso.org/standard/44192.html | Technical-dictionary vocabulary | — | PLIB, ISO 11179 | ISO TC 184/SC 4; ECCMA | XML | Published (TS) | — | 2010 | Language-independent concept dictionaries for master data |
| Enterprise Architecture & Modeling | Constructs for Enterprise Modelling | ISO 19440 | https://www.iso.org/standard/74491.html | Enterprise-modelling construct metamodel | ISO 19439 / CIMOSA | ArchiMate, BMM | ISO TC 184/SC 5 | UML constructs | Published (2nd ed.) | — | 2020 | Domain/process/activity/resource/role primitives |
| Manufacturing, Engineering & BIM | Manufacturing Software Capability Profiling | ISO 16100 | https://www.iso.org/standard/53378.html | Capability-profiling metamodel | — | ISO 16100 series | ISO TC 184/SC 5 | XML schema | Published | — | 2009 | Capability classes/templates/profile matching |
| Data, API & Serialization | Extended Backus-Naur Form | EBNF | https://www.iso.org/standard/26153.html | Syntactic metalanguage | — | ABNF, ANTLR | ISO/IEC JTC 1 | Grammar notation | Published | — | 1996 | Context-free grammar notation |
| Software, DevOps & Security Artifacts | Software Engineering Metamodel for Development Methodologies | SEMDM | https://www.iso.org/standard/62644.html | Methodology-definition metamodel | — | SPEM, Essence | ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 | UML powertype metamodel | Published (2nd ed.) | — | 2014 | Import candidate. Powertype metamodel for methodologies |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | TermBase eXchange | TBX | https://www.iso.org/standard/62510.html | Terminology-database exchange | ISO 12620 | LMF, SKOS | ISO/TC 37/SC 3 | XML | Published | — | 2019 | Import candidate. XML metamodel + data categories for termbases |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Lexical Markup Framework | LMF | https://www.iso.org/standard/82014.html | Lexical-resource metamodel | — | TBX, OntoLex | ISO/TC 37/SC 4 | UML metamodel / XML | Published (Part 1) | — | 2024 | Import candidate. UML core model for lexical resources |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Data Category Registry | DCR | https://www.iso.org/standard/89570.html | Terminology data-category registry | — | ISO 11179, TBX | ISO/TC 37 | XML / DCR | Published | — | 2022 | Import candidate. Data-category specifications for language resources |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Terminology Work Vocabulary | ISO 1087 | https://www.iso.org/standard/62330.html | Terminology concept system | — | ISO 704, SKOS | ISO/TC 37/SC 1 | Vocabulary | Published (2nd ed.) | — | 2019 | Core concepts of terminology |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | Information Technology Vocabulary | ISO/IEC 2382 | https://www.iso.org/standard/63598.html | Harmonized IT glossary | — | ISO 1087 | ISO/IEC JTC 1 | Glossary | Published | — | 2015 | Bilingual harmonized IT terminology |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Clinical Quality Language | CQL | https://cql.hl7.org/ | Expression / query language | HL7 FHIR | FHIRPath, GELLO, Arden | HL7 International (CDS WG) | DSL / grammar (ANSI) | Normative (1.5.x) | http://cql.hl7.org/ImplementationGuide/hl7.cql | 2025 | Import candidate. Logic layer of eCQM |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | FHIR Shorthand | FSH | https://hl7.org/fhir/uv/shorthand/ | Authoring DSL | FHIR | StructureDefinition, FML | HL7 International (FHIR-I WG) | DSL / grammar | Mixed Normative/Trial Use | http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/shorthand | 2024 | Import candidate. Compiles to FHIR profiles via SUSHI |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | SMART App Launch | SMART on FHIR | https://hl7.org/fhir/smart-app-launch/ | Authorization profile | FHIR | OAuth 2.0, OIDC | HL7 International (FHIR-I WG) | FHIR IG (OAuth2) | STU (2.2) | http://hl7.org/fhir/smart-app-launch | 2023 | SMART app authorization |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | SMART Health Cards | SHC | https://spec.smarthealth.cards/ | Verifiable credential | W3C VC + FHIR | EU DCC, mDL | Boston Children CHIP / SMART community | JWS over FHIR | Stable community spec | https://smarthealth.cards#health-card | 2022 | Community spec, not HL7 |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Bulk Data Access (Flat FHIR) | Bulk Data | https://hl7.org/fhir/uv/bulkdata/ | Bulk export API | FHIR R4 | NDJSON, FHIR Async | HL7 International (FHIR-I WG) | FHIR IG | STU (3) | http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/bulkdata | 2025 | Population-level FHIR export |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Arden Syntax | Arden | https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=639 | CDS knowledge representation | HL7 v3 | CQL, GELLO | HL7 International (CDS WG) | Grammar (MLM) | Normative (R3.0) | urn:hl7-org:v3:arden | 2019 | Medical Logic Modules |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Quality Reporting Document Architecture | QRDA | https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qrda | Quality reporting document | HL7 CDA R2 | C-CDA, eCQM | HL7 International / CMS | CDA R2 IG | STU (Cat I R5.3) | urn:hl7-org:v3 | 2022 | Quality measure reporting documents |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Consolidated CDA | C-CDA | https://hl7.org/cda/us/ccda/ | Clinical document templates | HL7 CDA R2 | QRDA, IPS | HL7 International (SD WG) | CDA R2 IG | STU5 | http://hl7.org/cda/us/ccda | 2026 | CDA clinical document templates |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | V2-to-FHIR | v2mappings | https://hl7.org/fhir/uv/v2mappings/ | Mapping specification | FHIR + HL7 v2 | FML, ConceptMap | HL7 International (O&O WG) | FHIR IG (mappings) | STU1 | http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/v2mappings | 2025 | HL7 v2 to FHIR mappings |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | FHIRPath | FHIRPath | https://hl7.org/fhirpath/ | Path navigation language | FHIR | CQL, XPath, JSONPath | HL7 International (FHIR-I WG) | Grammar (ANSI) | Normative (2.0.0) | http://hl7.org/fhirpath | 2020 | Import candidate. Path navigation across FHIR/CQL |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Clinical Information Modeling Initiative | CIMI | https://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/cimi/index.cfm | Clinical reference model | HL7 | openEHR AM, ANF | HL7 International | Logical model | Dormant; ANF Normative | — | 2017 | Initiative wound down; only ANF survives |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | GELLO | GELLO | https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=5 | Query / expression language | HL7 v3 | CQL, Arden, OCL | HL7 International (CDS WG) | OO query language | Legacy; withdrawn 2021 | — | 2010 | Retired; superseded by CQL |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | electronic Clinical Quality Measures | eCQM | https://ecqi.healthit.gov/ecqms/about-ecqms | Quality measure spec | CQL + QDM + HQMF + QRDA | dQM, FHIR QM | CMS / ONC eCQI | Composite (CQL-based) | Active (annual) | — | 2026 | Standardized quality measures |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Gravity Project SDOH Clinical Care | SDOH-CC | https://hl7.org/fhir/us/sdoh-clinicalcare/ | Social determinants IG | FHIR R4 US Core | US Core, USCDI | HL7 / Gravity Project | FHIR IG | STU (2.3.0) | http://hl7.org/fhir/us/sdoh-clinicalcare | 2025 | Social determinants of health |
| Data, API & Serialization | FHIR Mapping Language / StructureMap | FML | https://hl7.org/fhir/mapping-language.html | Transformation DSL | FHIR (FHIRPath) | XSLT, V2-to-FHIR, FSH | HL7 International (FHIR-I WG) | DSL + StructureMap | Trial Use (R5) | http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureMap | 2023 | Import candidate. Structural data transformation |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Global Product Classification | GPC | https://www.gs1.org/standards/gpc | Product classification | GS1 GSMP | UNSPSC, eCl@ss | GS1 AISBL | Schema (XML/JSON/XLSX) | Active (3.1.33) | — | 2025 | Import candidate. Segment/Family/Class/Brick + attributes |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | EANCOM | EANCOM | https://www.gs1.org/standards/eancom | EDI message guidelines | UN/EDIFACT | GS1 XML, ANSI X12 | GS1 AISBL | EDIFACT messages | Active (2002 ed.) | — | 2022 | GS1 EDI subset of EDIFACT |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | GS1 XML (eCom) | GS1 XML | https://www.gs1.org/standards/edi/gs1-xml | EDI XML schema | GS1 GSMP | EANCOM, EPCIS | GS1 AISBL | XML Schema (XSD) | Active (3.6) | urn:gs1:ecom | 2022 | GS1 eCom XML messages |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | GS1 General Specifications | GS1 GenSpecs | https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/ | Identifier key definitions | GS1 GSMP | GTIN, EPC | GS1 AISBL | PDF normative standard | Ratified (v25.0) | — | 2025 | Import candidate. GLN, SSCC, GRAI, GIAI, GSRN, GDTI, GINC, GMN, CPID |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | GS1 Web Vocabulary | gs1 voc | https://www.gs1.org/voc/ | Linked-data vocabulary | schema.org extension | schema.org, EPCIS CBV | GS1 AISBL | JSON-LD / RDF Turtle | Active | https://gs1.org/voc/ | 2022 | Import candidate. GS1 linked-data vocabulary |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | Lightweight Verification Messaging | VRS | https://www.gs1.org/verification-messaging | Verification messaging | GS1 Digital Link | DSCSA, FMD | GS1 AISBL | JSON request/response | Ratified (v1.1) | — | 2019 | DSCSA-driven pharma verification |
| Commerce, Product & Supply Chain | GS1 Application Identifiers | GS1 AIs | https://ref.gs1.org/ais/ | Data element identifiers | GS1 GenSpecs | GS1 Digital Link | GS1 AISBL | AI list + Syntax Dictionary | Active | — | 2025 | Standardized barcode data element identifiers |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | GS1 Healthcare GTIN Allocation Rules | HC GTIN Rules | https://www.gs1.org/standards/gs1-healthcare-gtin-allocation-rules-standard/current-standard | Sector allocation rules | GS1 GenSpecs | GTIN Mgmt Standard | GS1 AISBL (Healthcare) | PDF + web rules engine | Ratified | — | 2024 | Extends GTIN allocation for regulated healthcare |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | SNOMED Expression Constraint Language | ECL | https://docs.snomed.org/snomed-ct-specifications/snomed-ct-expression-constraint-language | Query / constraint language | SNOMED CT | SCG, ETL | SNOMED International | Grammar (ABNF) | Active (v2.3) | http://snomed.org/ecl | 2026 | Import candidate. Constraint/query over SNOMED CT |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | SNOMED Compositional Grammar | SCG | https://docs.snomed.org/snomed-ct-specifications/snomed-ct-compositional-grammar-specification | Expression grammar | SNOMED CT | ECL, ETL | SNOMED International | Grammar (ABNF) | Active (v2.3.1) | http://snomed.org/scg | 2024 | Import candidate. Post-coordinated expressions |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | SNOMED Template Syntax | STS/ETL | https://docs.snomed.org/snomed-ct-specifications/snomed-ct-template-syntax-specification | Template language | SNOMED CT | SCG, ECL | SNOMED International | Grammar | Active (v1.0) | http://snomed.org/sts | 2024 | Templates for authoring/validation |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | SNOMED Release Format 2 | RF2 | https://docs.snomed.org/snomed-ct-specifications/snomed-ct-release-file-specification | Release file format | SNOMED CT | OMOP, UMLS RRF | SNOMED International | Tab-delimited UTF-8 | Active | http://snomed.info/sct | 2012 | Primary SNOMED CT distribution format |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Unified Code for Units of Measure | UCUM | https://ucum.org/ | Units code system / grammar | — | ISO 80000, QUDT | Regenstrief Institute | Code system / grammar | Active (rev 2.2) | http://unitsofmeasure.org | 2024 | Import candidate. Computable units of measure |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee | HGNC | https://www.genenames.org/ | Gene nomenclature | — | Ensembl, NCBI Gene | HGNC (EMBL-EBI) | Controlled vocabulary | Active | http://www.genenames.org | 2026 | Approved human gene symbols |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | National Drug Code | NDC | https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/national-drug-code-directory | Drug product identifier | — | RxNorm, GTIN | US FDA | Segmented identifier | Active (daily) | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/ndc | 2024 | US drug product identifier |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical | ATC/DDD | https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/ | Drug classification | WHO-FIC | RxNorm, NDC | WHO Collaborating Centre (Oslo) | Hierarchical classification | Active (2026 ed.) | http://www.whocc.no/atc | 2026 | Drug classification + defined daily dose |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Intl. Classification of Diseases for Oncology | ICD-O | https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/other-classifications/international-classification-of-diseases-for-oncology | Oncology coding | WHO-FIC | ICD-10/11, SNOMED | World Health Organization | Dual-axis coding | Active (3.2) | http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/icd-o-3 | 2019 | Topography + morphology axes |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Intl. Classification of Functioning | ICF | https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health | Functioning classification | WHO-FIC | ICD-11, SNOMED | World Health Organization | Hierarchical classification | Active | http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icf | 2001 | Functioning/disability/health classification |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | Intl. Classification for Nursing Practice | ICNP | https://www.icn.ch/how-we-do-it/projects/ehealth-icnptm | Nursing terminology | SNOMED CT | NANDA, SNOMED Nursing | ICN / SNOMED International | SNOMED CT refset (RF2) | Active | http://snomed.info/sct | 2026 | Delivered as SNOMED CT Nursing refset |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | ISBT 128 | ISBT 128 | https://www.isbt128.org/ | MPHO identification/labelling | — | GS1 healthcare, EUTCT | ICCBBA | Labelling standard | Active (licensed) | — | 2024 | Blood/tissue/cellular product labelling |
| Healthcare & Life Sciences | EDQM Standard Terms | EDQM ST | https://standardterms.edqm.eu/ | Pharmaceutical terminology | — | SNOMED, UCUM | EDQM (Council of Europe) | Controlled terminology | Active | http://standardterms.edqm.eu | 2024 | Dose forms, routes, units, containers |
| Data, API & Serialization | ISO 639 Language Codes | ISO 639 | https://www.iso.org/standard/74575.html | Language code list | — | BCP 47, IETF langtags | ISO TC 37 / RAs | alpha-2 / alpha-3 codes | Published (2023) | — | 2023 | Import candidate. Consolidated language codes |
| Geospatial & Temporal | ISO 3166 Country Codes | ISO 3166 | https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html | Country/subdivision codes | — | UN M49, GENC | ISO 3166/MA | alpha-2/3, numeric, subdivisions | Published (2020) | — | 2020 | Import candidate. Country and subdivision codes |
| Data, API & Serialization | ISO 15924 Script Codes | ISO 15924 | https://www.iso.org/standard/81905.html | Script code list | — | BCP 47, Unicode | Unicode Consortium (RA) | 4-letter + numeric codes | Published (2022) | — | 2022 | Import candidate. Codes for names of scripts |
| Data, API & Serialization | ISO/IEC 80000 Quantities and Units | ISO 80000 | https://www.iso.org/standard/76921.html | Quantities & units | — | UCUM, QUDT, SI | ISO/TC 12 + IEC/TC 25 | Normative tables | Published | — | 2022 | Quantities, units, symbols |
| Finance & Insurance | ISO 6166 ISIN | ISIN | https://www.iso.org/standard/78502.html | Securities identifier | — | CFI, FISN, FIGI | ANNA (RA) | 12-char + Luhn check | Published (8th ed.) | — | 2021 | International securities identification number |
| Finance & Insurance | ISO 10383 MIC | MIC | https://www.iso.org/standard/61067.html | Market identifier code | — | LEI, BIC | SWIFT (RA) | 4-char code | Published | — | 2012 | Market identifier code |
| Identity, Security, Privacy & Governance | ISO 17442 LEI | LEI | https://www.iso.org/standard/78829.html | Legal entity identifier | — | BIC, DUNS, vLEI | GLEIF (RA) | 20-char + MOD 97-10 | Published | https://www.gleif.org/lei/ | 2024 | P3 vLEI uses KERI+ACDC |
| Finance & Insurance | ISO 13616 IBAN | IBAN | https://www.iso.org/standard/81090.html | Account identifier | — | BIC, BBAN | SWIFT (RA) | up to 34 alphanumeric | Published (2020) | — | 2020 | International bank account number |
| Finance & Insurance | ISO 9362 BIC | BIC | https://www.iso.org/standard/84108.html | Business identifier code | — | LEI, IBAN, MIC | SWIFT (RA) | 8/11-char code | Published (5th ed.) | — | 2022 | Business identifier code |
| Geospatial & Temporal | ISO 6709 Geographic Point Location | ISO 6709 | https://www.iso.org/standard/75147.html | Coordinate representation | — | WKT, GeoJSON, ISO 19107 | ISO/TC 211 | Text string format | Published (3rd ed.) | — | 2022 | Standard representation of geographic point |
| Media, Broadcast & Content Provenance | ISO 3901 ISRC | ISRC | https://www.iso.org/standard/64817.html | Recording identifier | — | ISWC, GRid | IFPI (RA) | 12-char code | Published (3rd ed.) | — | 2019 | International standard recording code |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | ISO 10957 ISMN | ISMN | https://www.iso.org/standard/83122.html | Music notation identifier | — | ISBN, ISRC | International ISMN Agency | 13-digit (979-0) | Published (3rd ed.) | — | 2021 | International standard music number |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | ISO 21047 ISTC | ISTC | https://www.iso.org/standard/41603.html | Textual work identifier | — | ISWC, DOI | (RA defunct) | 16-char hex | Withdrawn (2021) | — | 2009 | Withdrawn; no registration authority |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | ISO 2108 ISBN | ISBN | https://www.iso.org/standard/65483.html | Book identifier | — | ISSN, ISMN, GTIN | International ISBN Agency | 13-digit EAN | Published (5th ed.) | urn:isbn: | 2017 | International standard book number |
| Library, Metadata & Cultural Heritage | ISO 3297 ISSN | ISSN | https://www.iso.org/standard/84536.html | Serial identifier | — | ISBN, DOI | ISSN International Centre | 8-digit + ISSN-L | Published (7th ed.) | urn:issn: | 2022 | International standard serial number |
| Research Data, Scholarly & Identifiers | ISO 27729 ISNI | ISNI | https://www.iso.org/standard/87177.html | Party/name identifier | — | ORCID, VIAF, LEI | ISNI-IA | 16-digit + check | Published (2nd ed.) | urn:isni: | 2024 | International standard name identifier |

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# 5. Caveats

- Several entries are **provisional or community-track** (e.g. RML, RDF-star, GeoParquet, GeoZarr, OGC API Coverages/Styles, did:web CCG, WebID, DSP, SCITT, MNX, Solid CG).
- Some are **legacy, deprecated or withdrawn** (SWIFT MT, SCORM, FRBR, VPAID, GELLO, CIMI, ISO 21047 ISTC, GS1 EANCOM-era EDIFACT, OStatus, Portable Contacts, UDDI, OpenCyc, SMI, MDDL, RF64).
- Many carry an **ISO/IEC/EN/ITU dual identity** (e.g. BPMN=ISO/IEC 19510, IFC=ISO 16739, KDM=ISO/IEC 19506, AMQP=ISO/IEC 19464, Common Logic=ISO/IEC 24707, BFO=ISO/IEC 21838-2, ODF=ISO/IEC 26300, MQTT=ISO/IEC 20922, OPC UA=IEC 62541, LOIN=ISO 7817-1, DOI=ISO 26324, AIS=ITU-R M.1371).
- The fourth pass deepened **already-listed sources** rather than adding new domains: W3C (R2RML/RML/CSVW/LDP/RIF/VC-DI/RDFC), OGC (GeoPackage/I3S/CityJSON/OGC-API family/SLD/Filter Encoding/Moving Features), OASIS (ODF/DITA/CMIS/ebXML/CIQ/OpenC2/AMQP), OMG (KDM/ASTM/SMM/fUML/KerML/ODM/DOL/LCC/FIGI/SACM), ISO foundational metamodels (Common Logic/PSL/MFI/ISO 15926/PLIB/TBX/LMF/BFO), IETF (SenML/CDDL/JSONPath/Problem Details/RDAP), HL7 (CQL/FSH/FHIRPath/FML/Bulk Data/C-CDA), GS1 (GPC/GenSpecs keys/Web Vocabulary), UN/CEFACT (CCTS/Buy-Ship-Pay RDM/Rec 20/21/24), and ISO code lists/identifiers (639/3166/15924/80000/ISIN/LEI/IBAN/BIC/ISBN/ISSN/ISNI).
- Standards that span domains are listed once under their primary group; "Year" is *first published / latest* where both are known.
- The cleanest **Semantic-Package import candidates** are the RDF/OWL/SKOS-native standards, the OMG OWL reference ontologies (LCC/FIGI/BFO/DTV), the MOF metamodels (KDM/ASTM/SMM/fUML/ODM/KerML), and the foundational logic/process ontologies (Common Logic/PSL/ISO 15926); ~300 rows are flagged as import candidates in their Notes.

# Final Statement

> Meta-Universe is strongest when it stands on what already exists. This registry is the map of that prior art across 37 domains and the standards bodies behind them — the standards a Meta-Model should reach for before inventing anything new.