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bond

vr.tr.bond · thing-bond

Let an agent explain bonds factually by issuer, type, coupon, maturity, rating and risks, without personal investment advice.

Thing Registry Society, people and institutions SOC.ECO
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Terms Which bond.

Issue

Issuer and ISIN.

Issue

Bond identity.

  1. Who issued the bond, and what is its ISIN? provenance
  2. What type is it? definition

Cash flows

Coupon and maturity.

Cashflows

Cash flows.

  1. What are its coupon and maturity? measurement
  2. Is it callable or convertible? definition
Valuation Price and yield.

Yield

Computation.

Yield

Yield.

  1. What yield does this price imply? measurement
  2. Which yield measure is used? definition

Rating

Credit quality.

Rating

Credit rating.

  1. What rating does it have, from which agency? provenance
  2. When was it last reviewed? provenance
Risks What can go wrong.

Credit risk

Default.

Credit

Credit risk.

  1. What happens if the issuer defaults? boundary
  2. Where does the bond rank? definition

Rate risk

Interest rates.

Rates

Interest-rate risk.

  1. How would rising rates affect its price? definition
  2. What is its duration? measurement
Limits No advice.

Advice

Boundary.

Advice

Advice limit.

  1. Is the user asking whether to buy this bond? boundary
  2. How should the agent respond and refer? action

Protection

Investor rights.

Protection

Investor protection.

  1. Which investor protections and prospectus rules apply? provenance
  2. Where can complaints go? action

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Society, people and institutions
Entry kind
noun.possession
Plane
SOC
Domain
SOC.ECO
Tags
document
Facets: substance
social
Facets: origin
conceptual
Facets: agency
inert
Facets: mobility
not-applicable
Facets: scale
not-applicable
Facets: affordances
readable
Other names and narrower kinds
bond issue, convertible bond, corporate bond, coupon bond, bearer bond, government bond, junk bond, high-yield bond, municipal bond, noncallable bond, performance bond, surety bond

What it is Filled

A certificate of debt, usually interest-bearing or discounted, issued by a government or company promising to repay the principal at maturity, such as government, corporate, convertible and coupon bonds.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent explain bonds factually by issuer, type, coupon, maturity, rating and risks, without personal investment advice.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Debt security
  • Fixed or floating coupon
  • Price and yield move inversely
  • Credit and interest-rate risk

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Buy, sell or transfer bonds on someone's behalf without explicit authority.
  • Give personalised investment advice as if a licensed adviser.
  • Misrepresent a bond's credit risk, terms or issuer.
  • Spread false information to move bond prices.

Only with a human decision

  • Any trade or transfer of a bond.

May

  • Explain how bonds work, their terms, yields and risks in general terms.
  • Report bond data from official and market sources with dates.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Mis-sold bonds have cost savers their pensions.
  • Sovereign debt affects whole populations through austerity or default.

Who is affected

  • Investors and savers
  • Taxpayers
  • Issuers

Owners Filled

Steward

The bondholder owns it; the issuer owes it; securities regulators supervise the market.

Master systems

  • Central securities depositories
  • Securities regulators' prospectus registers

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • oewn-13419414-n - registry parent class
  • oewn-13437518-n - registry parent class

related

  • security - category
  • government or company - issuer
  • interest - income
  • chemical bond and bail bond - other senses

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.bond
  • Open English WordNet: oewn-13438583-n
  • ISIN: ISO 6166 code securities identifier

Direct properties not applicable Not applicable

Not applicable

Plane SOC: no invented physical properties.

Recognition optional Filled

  • ISIN, issuer, coupon and maturity
  • Types such as government or convertible
  • Chemical bonds and bail bonds are other senses
  • Certificates or, now mostly, electronic securities records.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • explain bond terms
  • look up issuer and ratings
  • compute yield from price and coupon
  • understand investor protections

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Default risk
  • Interest-rate risk
  • Personal investment advice by the agent
  • Mis-selling complex bonds

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • EU Prospectus Regulation
  • Securities law and disclosure rules
  • ICMA Green Bond Principles

Context of use required Filled

  • Raising debt finance for issuers and providing fixed-income investments.
  • government bonds
  • corporate bonds
  • convertible bonds
  • zero-coupon bonds
  • green and social bonds

Sources Filled

  1. Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13438583-n - sense and gloss of the concept
  2. Wiktionary: bond - word senses and usage

Open questions

  • Should bond types be separate entries?
  • How should ISINs be linked?
  • How should other senses be split off?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-bond/spec.json