investor
Enable an agent to recognise an investor role, assess its capital commitments and constraints, and determine which investment-related actions are authorised.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
6 bundles · 11 layers · 18 findings · 28 questions
Investor role boundary Establishes who is investing and what evidence supports the role.
Role establishment
Tests the capital commitment and financial-return intention.
Commitment and return intention
Record evidence of committed capital and intended financial returns without requiring a successful outcome.
- What capital commitment establishes this person's investor role, and when did it become effective? definition
- What evidence shows that financial returns were an intended result of the commitment? provenance
Principal and intermediaries
Separates the investor from people acting on the investor's behalf.
Economic role attribution
Distinguish capital ownership, beneficial interests, representation and decision-making functions.
- Whose capital is committed, who is entitled to returns, and who ultimately bears losses? boundary
- Is the named person investing, representing another investor, managing investments, or combining these roles? boundary
Capital commitments and claims Connects the investor to capital supplied, funding obligations and resulting economic interests.
Funding position
Records the extent and status of capital committed to investments.
Funded and unfunded capital
Keep amounts promised, contributed, returned and still payable distinct.
- How much capital has been committed and contributed, in what currency or non-cash form, and as of what date? measurement
- What further funding obligations exist, and which events or dates make them payable? action
Economic interest
Identifies the claims and exposures obtained through the commitment.
Rights and exposure basis
Link the investor to documented economic rights without duplicating the instrument model.
- Which investment interest provides the expected returns, and what documents establish the investor's rights? provenance
- Can the investor's obligations exceed capital already contributed, and where is that exposure defined? boundary
Objectives and financial constraints Records what the investor seeks and which financial conditions limit commitments.
Return and time objectives
Makes intended outcomes and their timing explicit.
Objective and horizon
Record return priorities, evaluation basis and intended holding period as investor-specific statements.
- What financial outcome does the investor seek, and is any target stated before or after fees, inflation and taxes? definition
- What holding period and cash availability dates govern this commitment? measurement
Loss and liquidity constraints
Separates willingness to accept risk from the ability to withstand financial stress.
Tolerance, capacity and cash needs
Assess loss tolerance, loss-bearing capacity and liquidity requirements separately, with dated evidence.
- What losses is the investor willing to accept, and what losses could the investor absorb without compromising recorded obligations? measurement
- What cash needs or changed circumstances require reviewing the commitment before additional capital is supplied? action
Authority and participation conditions Defines who can act for the investor and what evidence is needed for participation.
Decision and delegation
Records investment instructions, delegated powers and approval limits.
Action-specific mandate
Bind authority to particular actions, accounts, limits and validity periods.
- Who may approve commitments, issue transaction instructions, exercise voting rights and authorise withdrawals? action
- What evidence establishes each delegation, its limits and any expiry or revocation? provenance
Participation restrictions
Links investment access to applicable requirements without inventing universal investor categories.
Context-specific eligibility
Record restrictions and eligibility determinations with their jurisdiction, offering context and evidence.
- Which jurisdiction, offering terms or account conditions impose participation requirements on this investor? boundary
- What current evidence or competent determination establishes that the investor meets those requirements? provenance
Investment oversight and exit Tracks the investor's continuing position, review needs and ability to end commitments.
Position review
Maintains a dated view of capital at risk and investment outcomes.
Exposure and outcome review
Keep capital flows, estimated values and realised outcomes distinguishable when assessing the investor's position.
- What dated evidence supports current exposure, distributions and realised or unrealised gains and losses? measurement
- Which changes in concentration, investment performance or personal circumstances trigger a review? action
Exit and role closure
Records how exposure can end and what obligations survive an exit.
Exit conditions and residual obligations
Distinguish an intention to exit from an executable exit and a fully closed commitment.
- What sale, redemption, maturity or transfer routes are available, subject to which notice periods and restrictions? action
- What evidence shows that this commitment has ended, and do any funding duties, contingent liabilities or claims remain? boundary
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of investor this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Society, people and institutions
- Entry kind
- noun.person
- Plane
- SOC
- Domain
- SOC.PER
- Facets: substance
- social
- Facets: origin
- conceptual
- Facets: agency
- inert
- Facets: mobility
- not-applicable
- Facets: scale
- not-applicable
- Facets: affordances
- observable
- Other names and narrower kinds
- contrarian, bear, bondholder, caller, depositor, lender, loaner, pawnbroker, rentier, stockholder, shareholder, shareowner
What it is Filled
An investor is a person who commits capital to an asset, enterprise or financial claim with the expectation of receiving income, capital appreciation or both, while bearing the risk of loss.
In scope
- Evidence that a person holds an investor role through a capital commitment intended to generate financial returns
- Relationships between the investor, committed capital, investment interests, intermediaries and beneficiaries
- Return objectives, investment horizon, liquidity needs and capacity to bear loss
- Investment decision rights, delegation and restrictions on action
- Commitment, monitoring and exit states of the investor role
Out of scope
- The person's complete identity, biography and unrelated social roles
- The internal structure, valuation and lifecycle of financial instruments
- The investee organisation's operations and governance as a whole
- Investment adviser, broker, custodian and fund manager roles as separate services
- Detailed tax calculations and jurisdiction-specific legal eligibility determinations
- Employment positions, job advertisements and occupational classifications unrelated to the capital commitment
Why it exists Filled
Enable an agent to recognise an investor role, assess its capital commitments and constraints, and determine which investment-related actions are authorised.
Distinguishing features Filled
- A capital commitment and an intention to obtain financial returns distinguish an investor from someone merely interested in investing.
- Providing advice, arranging a transaction or holding assets in custody does not by itself establish an investor role; record whose capital and economic exposure are involved.
- A transfer made solely for consumption or donation lacks the financial-return intention required by this registry definition.
- Investor is a role held by a person, not necessarily an occupation, employment relationship or licensed profession.
- Short holding periods, lending arrangements or active trading do not alone exclude investor status; test the capital commitment and return intention rather than relying on labels.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Give personalized investment advice or recommend specific securities.
- Place, change or cancel trades, transfers or subscriptions.
- Share an investor's holdings, identity or trading data without consent.
- Promote an opportunity while hiding a conflict of interest or the risk of loss.
Only with a human decision
- Any transaction, mandate or signature involving money or assets.
- Sharing investor data with any third party.
May
- Explain investment concepts and risks in general terms, with sources.
- Organize and report an investor's own holdings and documents at their request.
Moral aspects Filled
- Retail investors lose savings to unsuitable products and outright fraud.
- Holdings data reveals wealth and makes people targets.
Who is affected
- Retail investors
- Pensioners relying on savings
- Co-investors
Owners Filled
Steward
The investor themselves; brokers, registrars and custodians hold the authoritative records of holdings.
Master systems
- Securities registrars and custodian records
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- oewn-09632262-n - registry parent class
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.investor
- Open English WordNet: oewn-10235776-n
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
- Role state: prospective | committed-unfunded | funded | exiting | former | unknown; assessed per commitment
- Capital relationship: Links to capital owner, source of funds, beneficiary and person bearing loss
- Commitment amount: Amount and currency, or quantity and valuation basis for non-cash capital, with effective date
- Investment interest: Links to asset, instrument, fund, project or investee and evidence of the associated claim
- Return objective: Income | capital appreciation | capital preservation with financial return | mixed | unspecified
- Investment horizon: Target duration or date range, with review date
- Liquidity requirement: Required available amount and currency by date, with estimation basis
- Risk tolerance: Investor-declared willingness to accept loss or fluctuation, using a named assessment scale
- Loss-bearing capacity: Assessed absorbable loss in currency or percentage, with scenario, evidence and date
- Decision authority: Action-specific links to decision maker, delegate, approval conditions and authority evidence
Plane SOC: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- Identified by account and registry records, never by appearance or claimed status.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- Determine whether evidence establishes an investor role or only a prospective intention.
- Trace a capital commitment to its owner, beneficiary, investment interest and economic exposure.
- Compare proposed commitments with recorded objectives, liquidity needs and loss constraints.
- Identify missing authority, eligibility evidence or approvals before an investment action.
- Monitor funding obligations, changes in exposure and approaching exit or review dates.
- Prepare an investment review or action proposal within the investor's documented mandate.
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Fraud and unsuitable products cause permanent loss of savings.
- Identity theft of investor accounts drains them.
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation, International Organization of Securities Commissions.
Context of use required Filled
- An investor participates in markets, business financing or property ownership by committing capital in pursuit of future returns.
- The role is considered when assessing ownership, financial exposure, investment objectives and authority to make capital commitments.
Sources Filled
- Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-10235776-n - sense and gloss of the concept
- Wiktionary: investor - word senses and usage
Open questions
- Does SOC.PER restrict this registry entry to natural persons, with institutional investors represented through a neighbouring organisation model?
- At what point should a binding but unfunded commitment establish the investor role for registry purposes?
- How should beneficial owners, nominees and beneficiaries be attributed investor status when capital ownership, control and economic exposure are split?
- Which jurisdiction-specific investor classifications and evidence standards should be linked from this model rather than incorporated into it?
- How should inherited investment interests and mixed financial-social commitments be treated when the holder's own financial-return intention is undocumented?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-investor/spec.json