January
Let an agent explain January, relay its calendar history, name origin, observances and seasonal associations from calendar and historical sources, and distinguish January from the start of other calendar years such as the lunar new year, from fiscal years and from months in other calendars.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What January is.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is January, and how does it differ from lunar new year periods, fiscal years and months in other calendars? definition
- Is the question about the calendar, history, observances or a specific date? boundary
Facts
Facts.
Facts
Facts.
- How many days does January have, and where does its name come from? definition
- Which entry fits the specific date? action
History History.
Rome
Roman calendar.
Rome
Rome.
- How did January enter the Roman calendar and become the start of the year? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Reforms
Calendar reforms.
Reforms
Reforms.
- How did the Julian and Gregorian reforms affect January? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Observances Observances.
Holidays
Holidays.
Holidays
Holidays.
- What holidays fall in January around the world? provenance
- Which entry fits New Year s Day? action
Seasons
Seasons.
Seasons
Seasons.
- How does January differ between Northern and Southern Hemispheres? provenance
- Which entry fits winter? action
Context Culture.
Culture
Culture.
Culture
Culture.
- What customs such as resolutions are associated with January? provenance
- Which entry fits New Year s resolution? action
Language
Language.
Language
Language.
- How is January named in other languages? provenance
- Which entry fits month names? action
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Information and virtual systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- INF
- Domain
- INF.KNW
What it is Filled
The first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, with 31 days, named after the Roman god Janus of beginnings and doorways, added to the Roman calendar by tradition under Numa Pompilius and made the start of the civil year in Rome in 153 BCE; in the Northern Hemisphere it is typically midwinter, and it contains holidays such as New Year s Day on 1 January and Epiphany on 6 January.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain January, relay its calendar history, name origin, observances and seasonal associations from calendar and historical sources, and distinguish January from the start of other calendar years such as the lunar new year, from fiscal years and from months in other calendars.
Distinguishing features Filled
- First month
- Named after Janus
- Midwinter in the north
- New Year observances
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Assume January is winter everywhere.
- Treat January as the first month in all calendars, such as lunar calendars.
- Confuse the calendar year with fiscal or school years when stating deadlines.
Only with a human decision
- Setting legal or financial deadlines that depend on which year system applies.
May
- Explain January's place in the calendar, its name from Janus and its history.
- Note that January is summer in the southern hemisphere and that fiscal years may differ.
Moral aspects Filled
- Calendar assumptions centred on one hemisphere or culture exclude others.
- New-year observances differ across cultures and should be respected.
Who is affected
- People in the southern hemisphere
- Communities using other calendars
Owners Filled
Steward
Nobody owns a month; the civil calendar is set by law and convention.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q18602249 - registry parent class
related
- month of the Gregorian calendar - in registry terms
- Janus
- February
contains
- New Year s Day
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.january
- Wikidata: Q108 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108)
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
- days: 31 count
- name origin: Latin Ianuarius, from Janus note
- start of Roman civil year: 153 BCE note
- position: 1st of 12 note
Plane INF: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- First month of the Gregorian year
- January, 31 days, named after Janus
- Lunar New Year falls in January or February; fiscal years vary; other calendars have different first months
- Not a visible object; a calendar period.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain the month
- relay history and name
- describe observances
- distinguish related calendar concepts
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Confusing calendar systems
- Assuming northern seasons globally
- Confusing civil and fiscal years
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- ISO 8601 month numbering
Context of use required Filled
- Not applicable; a calendar month.
- January in the Gregorian calendar
- January in the Julian calendar
- January observances such as New Year s Day and Epiphany
- seasonal associations in both hemispheres
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q108: January - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: January - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should January observances be linked individually?
- How should calendar sources be linked?
- How should Julian and Gregorian dates be recorded?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q108/spec.json