solid
Let an agent explain the solid state and its properties, distinguish crystalline and amorphous solids and classes of solid materials, describe phase changes and applications, and support learning.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What solids are.
State
The solid state.
State
State.
- What defines the solid state, and how do particle interactions produce definite shape and volume? definition
- Is the physical state or another sense such as solid food meant? boundary
Kinds
Crystalline and amorphous.
Kinds
Kinds.
- How do crystalline and amorphous solids differ in structure and properties? definition
- Which entry fits crystals or glass? action
Properties Properties and changes.
Mechanical
Mechanical properties.
Mechanical
Mechanical.
- How are elasticity, hardness, strength and brittleness of solids described and measured? definition
- Which entry fits materials testing? action
Phase
Phase changes.
Phase
Phase.
- How do melting, freezing, sublimation and glass transitions occur? definition
- Which entry fits phase transitions? action
Materials Classes of solid materials.
Classes
Metals, ceramics, polymers.
Classes
Classes.
- How do metals, ceramics, polymers and composites differ as solids? definition
- Which entry fits a specific material? action
Applications
Applications.
Applications
Applications.
- How is solid state physics applied in semiconductors, magnets and structural materials? provenance
- Which entry fits solid state physics? action
Learn History and teaching.
History
History.
History
History.
- How did the understanding of solids develop from atomic theory to crystallography and quantum theory? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Teach
Teaching.
Teach
Teaching.
- How can states of matter be taught with demonstrations? action
- Which misconceptions arise? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.OBJ
- Other names and narrower kinds
- clathrate hydrate, solid food, sunflower press cake, press cake, linseed cake, dry lubricant, solid recovered fuel, solid acid, molecular solid, solid solution, solid sol, substitutional defect
What it is Filled
One of the fundamental states of matter, in which particles are closely packed and held in fixed positions by strong interactions so that the material keeps a definite shape and volume and resists deformation, existing as crystalline solids with ordered lattices or amorphous solids without long-range order; solids include metals, ceramics, polymers, minerals and solid foods, and are studied in solid state physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain the solid state and its properties, distinguish crystalline and amorphous solids and classes of solid materials, describe phase changes and applications, and support learning.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Fixed shape
- Rigidity
- Crystalline or amorphous
- Phase transitions
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Treat rigidity as strength in claims about materials.
- Present the solid-liquid boundary as sharp for materials such as glass or gels without qualification.
- Confuse the physical state with other senses such as solid food.
- Present material data as valid outside the conditions it was measured in.
Only with a human decision
- Approving materials for load-bearing or safety-critical uses.
May
- Explain the solid state, crystalline and amorphous solids, with sources.
- Report material properties of solids from published data.
Moral aspects Filled
- Material errors in structures can cause failures that harm people.
- Clear teaching avoids lasting misconceptions.
Who is affected
- Students
- Users of structures and products
Owners Filled
Steward
Nobody owns it; it is held in common by physics.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q141158787 - registry parent class
- Q35758 - registry parent class
related
- matter - category
- amount of matter - category
- plasma - another state of matter
- mineral - natural crystalline solids
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.solid
- Wikidata: Q11438 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11438)
Direct properties required Filled
- Density: kg/m3 - Density is measured as mass per unit volume with temperature and treatment of pores specified.
- Young's modulus: Pa - Young's modulus is determined from the slope of axial stress against strain in the elastic region under stated test conditions.
- Thermal conductivity: W/(m K) - Thermal conductivity is measured from heat flow under a known temperature gradient with specimen orientation specified.
- Linear thermal expansion coefficient: 1/K - Linear thermal expansion is determined from fractional length change over a stated temperature interval and direction.
Recognition required Filled
- Definite shape and volume
- Particles in fixed positions
- Liquids flow and take container shape; gases expand to fill
- Materials with definite shape and volume.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain the solid state
- distinguish kinds of solids
- describe phase changes and applications
- support learning
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Oversimplifying the solid-liquid boundary
- Confusing rigidity with strength
- Mixing senses such as solid food
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Materials testing standards
- Crystallographic conventions
- Food standards for solid foods
Context of use required Filled
- The solid state of matter.
- crystalline solids
- amorphous solids such as glass
- metals, ceramics and polymers
- solid foods and press cakes
- clathrates and other structured solids
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q11438: solid - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Solid - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should states of matter be a separate entry?
- How should materials science resources be linked?
- How should the food sense be handled?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q11438/spec.json