antibiotic
Let an agent explain antibiotics and their classes and mechanisms, relay guidance on appropriate use and resistance from health bodies, describe regulation and stewardship, and route personal medical questions to clinicians.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What antibiotics are.
Concept
Concept and classes.
Concept
Concept.
- What are antibiotics, and how do the main classes act on bacteria? definition
- Is the user asking about their own infection or prescription, which needs a clinician? boundary
Limits
What they do not treat.
Limits
Limits.
- Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral infections such as colds and flu, according to health bodies? provenance
- Which entry fits antivirals? action
Use Appropriate use.
Guidance
Guidance on use.
Guidance
Guidance.
- What do health bodies advise about taking antibiotics as prescribed and about leftover medicines? provenance
- Is the presentation free of dosing advice? boundary
Side
Side effects and allergy.
Side
Side effects.
- What side effects and allergic reactions are recognised, and when is urgent care needed? provenance
- Is a severe reaction present now? boundary
Resistance Resistance and stewardship.
Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance.
Resistance
Resistance.
- How does antimicrobial resistance arise and spread, and why is it a global concern? provenance
- Which entry fits antimicrobial resistance? action
Stewardship
Stewardship and regulation.
Stewardship
Stewardship.
- How do stewardship programmes and rules on use in animals address resistance? provenance
- Which entry fits health policy? action
Learn History and teaching.
History
History.
History
History.
- How were antibiotics discovered and developed, from penicillin onward? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Teach
Teaching.
Teach
Teaching.
- How can antibiotics and resistance be taught? action
- Which misconceptions arise? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.OBJ
- Other names and narrower kinds
- avoparcins, α-avoparcin, beta-avoparcin, epsilon-avoparcin, monobactam antibiotic, 3-[[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-methyl-4-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonate, gyrase inhibitor, beta-lactamase inhibitors, combinations of different antibiotics, streptogramins, enzybiotics, protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic
What it is Filled
A medication that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth, used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in people and animals, in classes such as penicillins and other beta-lactams including monobactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, quinolones and glycopeptides such as the avoparcins formerly used in animal feed; antibiotics are ineffective against viruses, are prescription medicines in most countries, and their overuse drives antimicrobial resistance, a global public health concern.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain antibiotics and their classes and mechanisms, relay guidance on appropriate use and resistance from health bodies, describe regulation and stewardship, and route personal medical questions to clinicians.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Antibacterial action
- Drug classes
- Prescription status
- Resistance concern
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Recommend, supply or dose antibiotics without a prescriber.
- Encourage sharing leftover antibiotics or taking another person's prescription.
- Dismiss a reported allergy to an antibiotic.
- Promote antibiotics for growth promotion in animals where it is prohibited.
Only with a human decision
- Starting, changing or stopping antibiotic treatment.
- Prescribing antibiotics for children, pregnant women or animals.
May
- Explain what antibiotics do and why they do not treat viral infections.
- Remind a patient to complete a course as prescribed by their clinician.
Moral aspects Filled
- Overuse of antibiotics drives resistance that makes infections untreatable.
- Access to antibiotics is unequal; many people die without them.
Who is affected
- Patients
- The public facing resistant infections
- Farm animals
Owners Filled
Steward
The patient for their prescription; medicines regulators authorise antibiotics.
Master systems
- National medicines registers
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q12140 - registry parent class
- Q178859 - registry parent class
- Q50377176 - registry parent class
- Q804539 - registry parent class
related
- medication - category
- antimicrobial drug - category
- pathogen - bacteria targeted by antibiotics
- horizontal gene transfer - spread of resistance genes
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.antibiotic
- Wikidata: Q12187 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187)
Direct properties required Filled
- Mass per dosage unit: mg - The mass of a tablet, capsule or other discrete preparation is measured with a calibrated balance and includes any excipients.
- Active ingredient mass concentration: mg/mL - Concentration in a liquid preparation is determined by a validated assay for the specified antibiotic and formulation.
- Aqueous solubility: mg/mL - Solubility is measured for the identified chemical form at a stated temperature and pH because antibiotics differ substantially.
Recognition required Filled
- Medication acting against bacteria
- Beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines and other classes
- Antivirals act on viruses; antifungals on fungi; antiseptics are applied to surfaces
- Tablets, capsules, liquids and injections.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain classes and mechanisms
- relay guidance on use and resistance
- describe stewardship
- route personal questions
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Agents giving personal prescribing advice
- Antimicrobial resistance from misuse
- Allergic reactions and side effects
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Prescription regulation
- Antimicrobial stewardship guidelines
- Rules on antibiotic use in animals
Context of use required Filled
- Medicines against bacterial infection.
- beta-lactams including penicillins, cephalosporins and monobactams
- macrolides and tetracyclines
- aminoglycosides and quinolones
- glycopeptides and other classes
- antibiotics used in animals and agriculture
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q12187: antibiotic - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Antibiotic - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should each class be a separate entry?
- How should stewardship guidelines be linked?
- How should resistance surveillance be linked?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q12187/spec.json